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The PAMELA experiment was launched on board the Resurs-DK1 satellite on June 15th 2006. The apparatus was designed to conduct precision studies of charged cosmic radiation over a wide energy range, from tens of MeV up to several hundred GeV, with unprecedented statistics. In five years of continuous data taking in space, PAMELA accurately measured the energy spectra of cosmic ray antiprotons and positrons, as well as protons, electrons and light nuclei, sometimes providing data in unexplored energetic regions. These important results have shed new light in several astrophysical fields like: an indirect search for Dark Matter, a search for cosmological antimatter (anti-Helium), and the validation of acceleration, transport and secondary production models of cosmic rays in the Galaxy. Some of the most important items of Solar and Magnetospheric physics were also investigated. Here we present the most recent results obtained by the PAMELA experiment.

The transcription factor STAT3 serves as an immunoregulator by playing a crucial role in cytokine receptor signaling. However, in various cancer cell types, STAT3 is involved in the molecular mechanisms of oncogenesis. Specifically, in glioblastoma, the STAT3 immunoregulator has been linked to resistance to temozolomide, the most commonly used chemical agent for treating this type of cancer. Furthermore, literature suggests that activation of this oncogene in glioblastoma cells can significantly impact the tolerogenic tumor microenvironment, weakening the antitumor immune response and contributing to the aggressive course of the disease. Therefore, suppressing STAT3 may not only affect cell growth and resistance to chemotherapy but also enhance the immune response by improving the tumor microenvironment.The development of sequencing technologies has revealed that most of the transcribed material in the cell is noncoding. Long non-coding RNAs are gaining popularity in the study of oncogenesis due to their functional role in the development of various diseases, including oncology. A subtype of long non-coding RNAs transcribed from enhancer elements, known as enhancer RNAs, has garnered attention due to their high specificity in various cells and tissues. Gene co-expression analysis in glioblastoma tumors showed a correlation between STAT3 expression and the enhancer RNA LINC00910, which is located in the same chromosomal domain as the Stat3 gene. Previous literature has shown that LINC00910 is associated with both colorectal and gastric cancer. Additionally, data from the GeneHancer database suggests that the enhancer RNA LINC00910 may be involved in regulating the STAT3 immunoregulator. RNA interference was used to effectively knockdown the enhancer RNA LINC00910, resulting in an 8- to 10-fold reduction in its expression in glioblastoma cell lines. The reduction of LINC00910 expression did not significantly affect Stat3 gene expression in glioblastoma cell lines DBTRG-05MG and U251. This suggests that the correlation between LINC00910 RNA expression and STAT3 gene expression is not due to LINC00910’s direct involvement in STAT3 gene regulation in these cells. Further studies using the selected interfering RNA will help to clarify the role of the enhancer RNA LINC00910 in other signallingsignaling pathways, as well as its potential relationship with cancer development.

The approaches to risk determination, methods of its assessment, standardization parameters of investment activity and its stages have been considered. The key moments in the organization of risk management at the enterprise have been highlighted. The technologies of qualitative and quantitative assessments of the organization of risk management at the enterprise have been identified. The estimation of the fragmentation of risk management in the current market conditions has been conducted. Off rs on implementationn of the most constructive and complex approaches to the organization of risk and management at the enterprise have been given.

In the innovation economy the higher vocational education is getting inseparable from the concept of «educated person», i.e. becomes universal in nature. The ever-increasing demand for higher education among the population leads to the problem of accessibility of quality higher education.The paper focuses on the financial aspect of the access to higher education.The concept of the financial affordability is clarified; the affordability index calculated on the median salary basis is proposed. A method for calculatiing the higher education affordability index for ten leading Russian and ten leading American universities is described. Based on the data obtained it is concluded that the access to quality higher education is higher in the Russian Federation than in the USA. However, the education at the most cost expensive US University is financially more affordable than the similar education for Russian students.Measures to improve the financial affordability of higher education based on educational loans are proposed.