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The first stage of this study investigates the precipitation of free ferrite from the austenite on fully austenitized ductile iron. Several sets of samples of low alloy ductile iron are fully austenitized and then cooled down to different temperatures and different times within the intercritical austenite-ferrite-graphite phase field. Based on these results, heat treatment cycles aimed at obtaining microstructures composed of free ferrite and ausferrite are carried out. Tensile, impact and toughness tests are performed to characterize the mechanical properties. The results show that, related to the high strength austempered ductile iron grades, the best combinations of properties were obtained from the mixed structures composed of 5% free ferrite and 95% ausferrite, resulting from the austempering at 280�C. These amounts of free ferrite allow obtaining an increase of the elongation (about 50%) and impact toughness (about 10%) while the tensile strength and fracture toughness decrease by about 1.5 and 15% respectively

The present study reported a life experience of a teacher family in Indonesia with a 4-year-old daughter. The observation occurred from March 2020 to July 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic. This stay-at-home moment became an opportunity to create more parent-kid preschooler bonding and interaction that could impact the developing children language. Indonesian is our family native language (L1); therefore, the exposure started earlier for the kids. However, as parent-kid interaction was enhanced during the pandemic, we boosted our kid English (L2) with a variety of Edu-home activities such as reading aloud, storytelling, role-playing, and watching YouTube-kid. Her language production was documented, and the progress was analyzed. The aim was to generate a more profound understanding of our roles as parents in scaffolding the acceleration of preschoolers' English development, especially in creating meaningful activities. Going through an autoethnography, we reflect on our practice to know how the family members played the role of a language catalyst and which activities were taken more into account.

Introduction. New digital technology in education and its constantly evolving paradigm have completely transformed the model of learning and the learning methods. E-learning has become an important tool for teaching and learning environments. Moreover, virtual learning has become a required alternative teaching method in educational system change during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially for learners in elementary schools.Aim. This research aimed to explore the necessities, lack, and want of learning English, which is done virtually at home.Methodology and research methods. This research employs descriptive methods using questionnaires and interviews as instruments to get responses from teachers and students about their learning needs. In the course of the needs analysis process, the importance and priority of teachers’ and students’ needs are discussed. The participants of this study were second-grade elementary school students, and the sample was 40 students and 2 English teachers for 10 months.Results. The research results demonstrate a gap between the needs of learners and current conditions; therefore, the whole language approach, the multimedia, and technology-based English teaching materials will become an inevitable need and even become a solution in the world of education.Scientific novelty. Further research is needed to study educational system change during the COVID-19 pandemic or after, especially in designing teaching materials in various disciplines and at different educational stages. Future studies could be generalised by these research findings to other populations in different learning contexts, and the findings presented in thisarticle should be further explored. In particular, technology-based and multimedia-based teaching materials must be explored more deeply. Furthermore, further research should focus on utilising a different model for needs analysis in language education to verify the need for effective English learning in changing the education system during the pandemic and after.Practical significance. It is thought that this study will contribute to the stakeholders in terms to provide empirical evidence of what necessities, lack, and want should be considered when a teacher will design and develop teaching materials during the COVID-19 period or afte.