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Background: The development of alcohol dependence syndrome is accompanied by disturbances of neuroplasticity in neural circuits, the imbalance of neurotransmitter metabolism and immune and hormonal statuses in the central nervous system, which are reflected in changes in peripheral markers. Therefore, determining neuropeptide levels in body fluids is a potentially promising strategy for laboratory monitoring of substance use.Objective: To determine characteristics of changes in oral fluid and serum levels of protein markers and hormones in patients with alcohol dependence syndrome during rehabilitation.Materials and methods: We formed 2 groups of male participants: a control group of apparently healthy volunteers (n = 30) and a group of patients with alcohol dependence syndrome, which was similar in size, age, and gender (20-40 years) to the controls. At the time of admission to the rehabilitation program and 3 months later, serum and oral fluid samples were collected. We used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to determine levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell line–derived neurotrophic factor, neuropeptide Y, orexin, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide, corticotropin, and cortisol in the body fluids.Results: Laboratory findings revealed that it is possible to determine neuropeptides and hormones in the oral fluid. The wide variability of findings in the oral fluid and no statistically significant correlation with corresponding serum levels were characteristic of the most protein markers. Only the BDNF levels were statistically significantly reduced (3.2-fold decrease) in both the serum and oral fluid. Analysis of the serum and oral fluid BDNF and cortisol levels revealed a moderate correlation (r = 0.51, P = .0189).Conclusions: For laboratory monitoring of alcohol dependence syndrome, it is possible to determine oral fluid BDNF, which, like cortisol, has demonstrated a statistically significant moderate correlation between the serum and oral fluid levels.

We review the current understanding of pathophysiology and pathobiochemistry of conditions following extensive resections of the liver parenchyma and describe potential ways of surgical and metabolic correction, including promising molecular targets for therapy. Reduced residual tissue volume (small-for-size syndrome), parenchymal edema due to hyperperfusion and impaired venous blood outflow, septic complications, organ ischemia-reperfusion, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress are considered key pathogenetic factors in liver failure development following extensive resections of the liver parenchyma. Given the above, promising ways of managing posthepatectomy conditions are the use of agents reducing portal pressure (octreotide [somatostatin analogue], terlipressin [vasopressin analogue], and propranolol), energotropic metabolic drugs (combined preparations of succinate and antioxidants, gasotransmitter donors), and antibiotics and synbiotics for prevention of infectious complications. The approaches currently used in clinical practice cannot always effectively manage complications following extensive hepatectomy, so fundamental research should focus on searching and creating effective strategies for prevention and therapy of posthepatectomy liver failure.

Background. In drug addiction treatment, the diagnostic process is based on the chemical toxicological determination of the intoxication substrate or its metabolite. Laboratory monitoring and prediction issues that could form the basis of secondary prevention remain unresolved. Specific nervous tissue proteins are considered to be the most promising laboratory markers of drug pathology.Objective — to determine some potential biomarkers of protein-chemical nature in the plasma of patients with drug dependence syndrome.Methods. The study was conducted according to the design of an observational clinical trial at the Narcological Dispensary of Krasnodar Krai in the period from 07.2021 to 07.2022. The main group (group 2) included 31 patients diagnosed with substance dependence syndrome. The control group (group 1, n = 15) consisted of healthy subjects submitted to occupational medical examinations. During the detoxification-stabilization therapy and rehabilitation, 5 proteins were determined in the plasma: brainand glial-derived neurotrophic factors, neuron-specific enolase, alpha-synuclein and calcium-binding protein S100B. Statistical analysis of the data involved the Mann-Whitney test for comparing the values of the control and experimental groups and the Wilcoxon test for comparing the values of one group obtained at different stages of observation. The calculations were carried out using StatPlus version 7 (AnalystSoft Inc., USA).Results. A total of 31 patients were included in the main group, 18 of them were followed up with a diagnosis of opioid dependence syndrome (n = 11) or psychostimulant dependence syndrome (n = 7). Patients dropped out of the study due to their refusal to participate in the study or undergo rehabilitation, or due to relapse of the disease. When admitted to the hospital, patients indicated a 45% decrease in brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the plasma ( p < 0.001), and a 3.9-fold decrease after rehabilitation course ( p < 0.001). Glial-derived neurotrophic factor in the plasma exceeded the controls 1.9 times ( p < 0.001) upon admission to hospital, but rapidly returned to normal values thereafter. Level of neuron-specific enolase in the plasma was also poor, 36% lower than the controls ( p

The article presents the results of studies of metabolic indicators of oral liquid in patients with a wide range of somatic illnesses that reflecting the functional state of the prooxidant-antioxidant system. During the studies established that most increase in activity of oxidation processes in the background of decrease in activity of all enzymes of antiradical protection was observed in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. Also a significant increase in FRO was observed in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, while they have identified imbalance in the functioning of enzyme systems and the highest amplitude changes in the activity of enzymes of antiradical protection. We also established the activation of free radical processes in patients of other groups, but less pronounced on the background of a minor changes in the activity of enzymes. The obtained data demonstrate the development of oxidative stress at the local level in the oral fluid which is probably a reflection of the systemic metabolic changes under examined somatic pathologies and presents prospect of studying oral fluid in the laboratory diagnosis of oxidative metabolism disorders.

This article presents the results of dynamic changes in biochemical parameters in blood and liver of laboratory animals in modeling of partial vascular isolation of liver using a Pringle-maneuver. Indicators of cytolytic syndrome, prooxidantantioxidant and detoxification system function was studied. Research found evidence of a gradual increase of cytolysis of hepatocytes, intensity of free radical processes, endogenous intoxication, which accompanied of compensatory systems activation by the first 10-15 minutes, and being depleted to 20 minutes of ischemia. These data reveal prospects of metabolic correction of possible complications intraoperative clamping hepatoduodenal bunch by means of antioxidant orientation. Received data may be useful in the formation of concepts about the reasonable time limits of liver vascular isolation.