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The symposium on the chemistry of alkynes, allenes, and small rings was held on July 3–6, 2023 at St. Petersburg State University as part of the All-Russian conference with international participation "Ideas and Legacy of A.E. Favorsky in Organic Chemistry." Leading experts in the chemistry of alkynes, allenes, and small rings took part in the conference, recent advances in the chemistry of compounds of these classes were presented, and prospects for further development of this research field were discussed. Brief annotations of the reports made and references to the relevant publications of the authors are collected in the present review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New 5-ethynylisoxazoles were obtained via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions of nitrile oxides with buta-1,3-diynes. The cycloaddition proceeds regioselectively by the terminal triple bond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral and craniofacial tissues are uniquely adapted for continuous and intricate functioning, including breathing, feeding, and communication. To achieve these vital processes, this complex is supported by incredible tissue diversity, variously composed of epithelia, vessels, cartilage, bone, teeth, ligaments, and muscles, as well as mesenchymal, adipose, and peripheral nervous tissue. Recent single cell and spatial multiomics assays-specifically, genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics-have annotated known and new cell types and cell states in human tissues and animal models, but these concepts remain limitedly explored in the human postnatal oral and craniofacial complex. Here, we highlight the collaborative and coordinated efforts of the newly established Oral and Craniofacial Bionetwork as part of the Human Cell Atlas, which aims to leverage single cell and spatial multiomics approaches to first understand the cellular and molecular makeup of human oral and craniofacial tissues in health and to then address common and rare diseases. These powerful assays have already revealed the cell types that support oral tissues, and they will unravel cell types and molecular networks utilized across development, maintenance, and aging as well as those affected in diseases of the craniofacial complex. This level of integration and cell annotation with partner laboratories across the globe will be critical for understanding how multiple variables, such as age, sex, race, and ancestry, influence these oral and craniofacial niches. Here, we 1) highlight these recent collaborative efforts to employ new single cell and spatial approaches to resolve our collective biology at a higher resolution in health and disease, 2) discuss the vision behind the Oral and Craniofacial Bionetwork, 3) outline the stakeholders who contribute to and will benefit from this network, and 4) outline directions for creating the first Human Oral and Craniofacial Cell Atlas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The review considers the main results of the cycloaddition reactions involving cyclopropenes and methylenecyclopropanes, the compounds bearing strained three-membered rings and, respectively, endo- and exocyclic double bonds. The main attention is focused on the reactions of these compounds with 1,3-dipoles (nitrones, azomethine imines, azomethine ylides, carbonyl ylides, etc.), which gave complex heterocyclic systems with high regio- and stereoselectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The VIth International Symposium "The Chemistry of Diazo Compounds and Related Systems" (DIAZO 2021) was held at the St. Petersburg State University from 6 to 10 September 2021. At the symposium, the advances in diazo chemistry over the past decade were summed up, and promising directions for further research were discussed. The review contains brief annotations of the plenary, keynote, invited and oral presentations and includes references to the relevant works of the speakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a novel approach to magnetic nanotheranostics based on the activation of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with a nonheating low-frequency magnetic field has been described. Electromagnetic biomedical technologies implemented in low-frequency nonheating and radiofrequency heating magnetic fields have been briefly reviewed and compared. It has been shown that the activation of MNPs with nonheating magnetic fields has several advantages over activation with heating magnetic fields, namely, a more universal character and penetration ability into tissues, easy dosage and control, higher locality and safety, molecular selectivity, and lower cost. A combination of methods developed and patented by us can form a technological platform for new-generation low-frequency magnetic theranostics which is significantly more effective and possesses more options than conventional radiofrequency theranostics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the study is to investigate the relationship of individual values and prosocial behavior in online and offline contexts. Background. Prosocial behavior contributes to both the well-being of individuals and the prosperity of a society. Its relationship with different factors, among which individual values have the strongest predictive power, is contextually dependent. With the development and dissemination of information and communication technologies, number of people actively in¬volved in various kinds of interactions on the Internet is constantly growing. However, specific features of the online context regarding prosocial behavior and how they can influence the relationship between values and prosocial behavior in this context have not been studied yet. Study design. The study is a socio-psychological survey which was conducted within the framework of a cross-sectional one-sample design. The authors developed and adopted special questionnaires to measure prosocial behavior in online and offline contexts. Values were considered in the Schwartz approach and measured using a short version of the individual values questionnaire included in the European Social Survey methodology (ESS). Participants. The sample of the study is quite heterogeneous and includes 187 respon¬dents from different regions of the Russian Federation (average age 35,4 years, 66% women). Search of respondents was done using non-probabolistic, convenience sampling method. Methods of data analysis. The study is based on quantitative methods. Such methods of data processing and analysis were applied as analysis of descriptive statistics, t-test for paired samples, multiple linear regression analysis (Enter method) in the SPSS 22.0 program. Results. The respondents were more involved in prosocial behavior in an offline context than in an online context. Values of Self-Transcendence only are positively related with prosocial behavior in an offline context, while both Self-Transcendence and Self-Enhancement values are related with prosocial behavior in an online context. Conclusions. The results obtained in the study allow authors to conclude that the Internet is still an undeveloped field for the implementation of prosocial behavior, at least for Russians. Noteworthy is the fact that the relationship between values and prosocial behavior depends on the context in which prosocial behavior can be realized. The universality of the positive relationship of Self-Transcendence values and prosocial behavior was established. However, the finding about positive relationship of Self-Enhancement values and prosocial behavior in an online context is fundamentally new.

Objective of the study is to develop and test a methodology for assessing the degree of involvement in the use of ICT in various areas of life. Background. Modern social and physical environments are saturated with digital incentives that encourage people to get involved in interacting with these environments through information and communication technologies (ICT). However, to this date, there are no psychological instruments that comprehensively assess the involvement of individuals in the use of ICTs. Study design. The study was conducted using a socio-psychological survey. To measure involvement in the use of ICT, an authoring methodology was developed and validated. Participants. The study included two samples. The first sample included 859 respondents (average age 36.1 years; 32% of males). The second — 171 respondents (35% of males; age range from 25 to 44 years). Measurements. For data processing, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, Cronbach coefficient alpha, and correlation analysis were applied in the SPSS 19.0 and AMOS 20 programs. Results. Good results of confirmatory factor analysis indicate the presence of reliability-consistency of the methodology. The final version of the methodology includes 4 scales: “Economic actions on the Internet”, “Communication on social networks”, “Using a smartphone”, “A variety of areas of ICT use”. The empirical and external validity of this methodology was also evaluated, as a result of which we received confirmation of these types of validity from the developed methodology. Conclusions. The technique developed by the authors is reliable and valid and can be used both for research and for applied purposes.

The article summarizes the results of studies of scientific approaches to the measurement and evaluation of the quality of life in the application of digital technology. The authors studied the state of development of digital technologies and identified priority areas of digitalization in the Russian Federation. The article, based on the results of studies published in open sources, systematized indicators of the quality of life in certain countries of the world. The authors also substantiated the need to develop new methods of assessing the quality of life in the context of the increasing role of digital technologies.

The importance of developing GOST standard specifications for the quality control of different grades of synthetic rubber produced in Russia, incorporating standard elastic strength and rheometric characteristics, is shown. Here, ISO and ASTM test procedures must be used, as well as positive features of Russian technical documentation. The need for and the possibility of producing and certifying home-produced reference ingredients and carbon black are also shown. The creation of a unified base of reference materials (ingredients, carbon black, etc.) will make it possible to increase the reliability of product quality control at synthetic rubber, tyre, and mechanical rubber goods plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper examines the effects of low socioeconomic status in adulthood and in childhood on psychological characteristics, such as individual values, self-efficacy, self-esteem, psychological well-being and trust. The sample included people with low socio-economic status (namely poors) (N=162) and non-poor (N=188). Measurement of children’s socio-economic status was carried out by retrospective assessment. The results showed that values and self-esteem differ depending on the adult SES. The results revealed the significant effect of adult and childhood SES for trust and life satisfaction. The analysis revealed that adult status had a significant impact on trust only in the groups of those who did not experience poverty in childhood, i.e. the group with average levels of wealth in childhood, and the wealthy group. In conclusion, our study revealed the impact of childhood and adult SES on various individual psychological characteristics.

Nitrones cycloaddition to 1-vinyl-4,5-dihydro-1 H-benzo[ g]indole proceeds regio- and steroselectively affording a single diastereomer of 5-(hetaryl-substituted)isoxazolidine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the issue of adapting the instrument on a “hard-to-survey” sample (poor people). The adaptation consisted of three stages: (1) the translation of scales that have not been previously adapted on a Russian sample, (2) cognitive interviews with people living in poverty, (3) adjusting the questionnaire based on the results of cognitive interviews. We used translation — back translation, as well as committee approach, to translate the scales. Cognitive interviews were conducted using a concurrent probing approach with both scripted and spontaneous probes. In the conclusion, we present the results of reliability analysis and equivalence of measures across the poor (N=162) and non-poor (N=188) samples. Finally, we formulate recommendations for researchers dealing with “hard-to-survey” samples among the poor.

The empirical study shows that with the upturn of 2001-6, the realization of the regional trade potential of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) decreased significantly, despite gross domestic product growth and socioeconomic development. This indicates the weakness of the integration process in the CIS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The thermodynamic properties of the Ln2BaO4 phases (Ln = Dy, Ho, Sm) were studied by the electromotive force method with a fluoride electrolyte (890–1180 K), solution calorimetry in 1.07 N hydrochloric acid at 298.15 K, and differential scanning calorimetry (298–860 K). The experimental data were jointly processed, and the thermodynamic functions of the compounds over the temperature range 298–1200 K were calculated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research explores group-based emotions of guilt and shame in the Russian context. The aim was to reveal the relations between these emotions and outgroup attitudes in individuals with different degrees of collective identity strength. The survey was carried out on the sample of Russian people (N = 89; 53,9% females; average age 35 years). The respondents were asked to answer questions concerning their experiences of group-based emotions of guilt, moral shame and image shame in relation to the deportation of Chechen and Ingush populations of the Northern Caucasus during the World War II. We measured outgroup attitudes towards groups both related (Caucasus populations) and unrelated (migrants) to emotion-provoking events; general attitude towards multiculturalism; and strength of collective identity. The results show that the experiences of guilt and moral shame are positively correlated both with the attitudes towards Caucasus populations (0,396*** and 0,304*** respectively) and with the attitudes towards migrants (0,330*** and 0,322*** respectively). Image shame is positively correlated only with the attitudes to migrants (0,326**). It was also found that collective identity moderates these relations: there were no correlations found between emotions and attitudes in the group of subjects with stronger collective identity.

This article is devoted to the analysis of the main theories aimed at the definition and description of the phenomenon of poverty. Up to date, within the framework of psychological studies of the phenomenon of poverty there is no consensus on the definition of poverty and its relationship with different individual and psychological characteristics of personality. The analysis of the literature on the issue helped to allocate four psychological approach to the study of the premises for the emergence and development of the phenomenon of poverty and its possible impact on personality, which focus on the different characteristics of poverty and assert various psychological consequences of poverty for the individual. These approaches include the "culture of poverty", "evolutionary approach to poverty," "situational approach to poverty” and “socio-cognitive theory of a social class". The analysis of these approaches suggests that poverty is a complex and non-homogeneous phenomenon, which manifests a big variety of individual differences. It also highlights the different types of poverty: chronic poverty, short-term poverty, objective and subjective poverty. Further research in this area make it possible to empirically test the hypothesis of the existence of these types of poverty, as well as help to understand in what way each of them interacts with various individual psychological characteristics of personality.

A study was made of the kinetics of the alkaline hydrolysis of some phenyl esters of phosphorus acids. An estimate was made of the contribution made by the induction effect and the p−d conjugation of the phenoxyl group to the free activation energy of the alkaline hydrolysis of the investigated esters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The kinetics of the hydrolysis of bis (chloromethyl)phosphinic esters was investigated in KOH medium at 10 and 25°. The rate constants are correlated with the steric constants of the leaving groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study was made of the hydrolysis kinetics of some esters of bis(chloromethyl)phosphinic acid in water at 75-95°. The reaction rate depends on the nature of the alcohol radical, and for the alkyl radicals is determined by the steric factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]