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The study aimed to report in vitro thrombolytic and in vivo anti-nociceptive activity of methanolic extract of Caesalpinia digyna(MECD) followed by in silico PASS prediction, ADME analysis with toxicity and molecular docking study of antinociception (Cox-1, Cox-2) and thrombolytic (Tissue plasminogen activator). The clot lysis of human blood for thrombolytic study, acetic acid induced writing and formalin-induced licking in mice at several doses (50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, b.w.; p.o.) of MECD for anti-inflammatory and antinoceptive activities were performed. In thrombolytic study, a significant 32.78% (P < 0.001) of the blood clot lysis revealed by MECD, while 70.32% (P < 0.001) and 3.84% were yields for positive control (streptokinase) and negative control (saline water), respectively. MECD developed a significant dose-dependent antinociception in acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing experiment while the 400 mg/kg exhibited maximum inhibition (59.27%; P < 0.001). Similarly at comparable dose concentrations, MECD produced significant (P< 0.001) dose-dependent activity in both neurogenic and inflammatory which was generated by intraplantar injections of formalin (2.5%, 20 μL/paw). In PASS prediction, isolated compounds caesalpinine A and caesalpinine C exhibited potential thrombolytic and antinociceptive activity followed by Lipinski rule for drug—like property where the compounds found to be effective in molecular docking study. The current finding suggesting MECD have potential thrombolytic and anti-nociceptive activity.

Achyranthes asperaL. (Prickly Chaff flower) is an imperative Asian herb that has been known for numerous healing powers. The aim of this research is to investigate the pharmacological i.e., antidepressant and anxiolytic properties of the methanol extract of aerial part of A. aspera(MEAA) by in vivo and in silico approaches. Additionally, thrombolytic potential of the crude extract has also been explored. The antidepressant and anxiolytic investigations were performed by force swimming test (FST), tail suspension test (TST), and hole board test (HBT) in mice, whereas clot lysis activity test was conducted using thrombolytic experimental method. Furthermore, in silico studies were appraised with Discovery studio, PyRx, UCSF Chimera whereas, PASS prediction, and ADME/T was implemented using online tools. Treatment with MEAA revealed significant (p< 0.05) reduction of immobility time in FST and TST, increased head dipping and decreased the latency of time in HBT. Besides, MEAA produced significant (p< 0.001) clot lysis activity at a minimum dose. In the computer-aided approach, among all the proteins, the docking score has been revealed ranging from − 2.31 kcal/mol to − 7.4 kcal/mol. Spathulenol, diazepam and hydroquinone showed the best binding affinity and all compounds were found safe in ADME/T study. The outcomes of this research demonstrate that MEAA may provide potential for mitigating depression, anxiety, and coagulation.

Ganoderma lucidumis known as lingzhi mushroom, which is said to have medicinal properties by the local residents. This research was focused to assess the antidepressant, anxiolytic, and sedative activities of the mentioned mushroom extracts by means of in vivoand in silicoapproaches. The antidepressant, anxiolytic, and sedative properties of the methanol extracts of G. lucidum(MEGL) were assessed using the forced swim test hole board, open field test, elevated plus maze, hole cross test, and thiopental sodium-induced sleeping time. The extracts revealed significant antidepressant, anxiolytic, and sedative activities in a dose-dependent manner. Rutin and quercetin were found to be the most effective enzyme inhibitors in the molecular docking study. According to the findings of in vivoand molecular docking study, it could be forecast that, the extract could have substantial antidepressant, anxiolytic, and sedative characteristics and deep molecular strategies on this extracts might create a target for the development of novel therapeutics. Further investigations are needed to appraise the molecular mechanisms implicated and isolate the bioactive components.

This research was designed to evaluate the CNS depressant, anxiolytic, and analgesic action of aqueous and ethanol extract of Ganoderma applanatum, a valuable medicinal fungus used in multiple disorders belongs to Ganodermataceae family. Two extracts of G. applanatumwere prepared using distilled water and ethanol as solvents and named AEGA and EEGA. Open field method, rotarod method, tail suspension method, and hole cross method were utilized for the CNS depressant action. In contrast, elevated plus-maze test and hole board method were utilized for the anxiolytic action. For determining the analgesic potential, acetic acid-induced writhing test, hot plate method, and tail immersion test were used. Besides, molecular docking has been implemented by using Discovery studio 2020, UCSF Chimera and PyRx autodock vina. At both doses (200 and 400 mg/kg) of AEGA and EEGA showed significant CNS depressant effect (p < 0.05 to 0.001) against all four tests used for CNS depressant activity. Both doses of AEGA and EEGA exhibited important anxiolytic activity effect (p < 0.05 to 0.001)against the EPM and hole board test. Both doses of AEGA and EEGA also exhibited a potential analgesic effect (p < 0.05 to 0.001) against all three tests used for analgesic action. In addition, in the molecular docking the compounds obtained the scores of −5.2 to −12.8 kcal/mol. Ganoapplanin, sphaeropsidin D and cytosporone C showed the best binding affinity to the selected recptors. It can be concluded that AEGA and EEGA have potential CNS depressant, anxiolytic, and analgesic action, which can be used as a natural antidepressant, anxiolytic, and analgesic source.

Caesalpinia digyna(Rottl.) (Family: Fabaceae) is an essential medicinal plant for it's conventional uses against a kind of human disorders. This research aims to investigate the antidiarrheal, antibacterial and antifungal properties of the methanol extract of the stems extracts of the C. digyna(MECD). The in vivoantidiarrheal activity of the stem extracts were evaluated by using castor oil-induced diarrhea, castor oil-induced enteropooling and charcoal induced intestinal transit in mice model. Besides, in vitroantimicrobial potentiality of MECD was investigated by the disc diffusion method. In silicoactivity of the isolated compounds were performed by Schrödinger-Maestro (Version 11.1) software. In addition, The ADME/T analysis and PASS prediction were implemented by using pass online tools. In the antidiarrheal investigation, the MECD exhibited a notable inhibition rate in all test approaches which were statistically significant (p < 0.05, p < 0.1, p < 0.01). MECD 400 mg/kg showed the maximum antidiarrheal potency in all the test methods. In vitroantimicrobial analysis unveiled that, MECD revealed higher potentiality against almost all pathogens and indicates dose-dependent activity against almost all the bacteria and fungi. In the case of in silicoevaluation of anti-diarrheal, anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activity, all three isolated compounds met the pre-conditions of Lipinski's five rules for drug discovery. Pass predicted study also employed for all compounds. However, The chemical constituents of the C. digynacan be a potent source of anti-diarrheal, anti-bacterial and anti-fungal medicine and further modification and simulation studies are required to establish the effectiveness of bioactive compounds.