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Between the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the productive Pampa cattle ranch, locally known as "estancia," underwent three developmental stages in the process of territorialization within the northwestern province of Buenos Aires. Each of these stages covers various dimensions—social, economic, political, cultural, and environmental—that collectively define the estancia's role as a territorial agent. The research employs a methodology that combines qualitative approaches through documentary analysis, along with bibliographical and cartographic review, complemented by fieldwork. This work examines into the changes and transformations within the territory, as well as housing adaptations, which are manifested in the construction of dwellings and their environs. These changes occur in a context where urban culture intertwined with the rural productive scene. Furthermore, it postulates that the inter-century territorial dynamics covering the 19th and 20th centuries serve as an enduring legacy of identity for the 21st century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La siguiente investigación tiene como fin la realización de un análisis exhaustivo de un conjunto de 7 proyectos de investigación que tienen como eje central la conservación del Patrimonio Cultural y el desarrollo turístico del noreste de Santa Cruz. Estos proyectos han sido llevados adelante por un equipo interdisciplinario perteneciente a la Unidad Académica de Caleta Olivia, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral. El equipo de investigación desarrolla estudios desde el año 2000 y, a lo largo de 8 proyectos institucionales gestionados, procuran rescatar, recuperar y revalorizar el mundo rural, como parte del patrimonio cultural del noreste de Santa Cruz. Teniendo en cuenta el aspecto económico del turismo, dichos proyectos se vinculan con la gestión sustentable de la actividad sobre el medio ambiente social y el desarrollo local. A lo largo de esta investigación se lograron identificar cambios y continuidades vinculados a los objetivos planteados de los proyectos analizados y su efectiva realización, la producción académica y la continua incorporación de nuevos especialistas, así como las dificultades que se presentaron. Para el logro de los objetivos propuestos se determinó el uso de una metodología exploratoria, de indagación documental, bibliográfica y testimonial de los distintos proyectos. Estos análisis pretenden ser útiles para reflexionar y orientar las futuras líneas de trabajo, identificar y profundizar determinadas variables sobre la problemática de la conservación del Patrimonio Cultural de Santa Cruz, así como también generar reflexiones y propuestas en materia de puesta en valor patrimonial desde el turismo.

This paper analyses three sites where research on the development of some South American animals was carried out between the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth centuries: a missionary post in the Paraguayan Chaco, a hotel located in the Sierras of Córdoba, and a livestock farm on the coast of the Río de la Plata, the latter two in Argentina. The study of how these places functioned and of the people who passed through them allows us to see how these sites served as nodes in the itineraries of the scientists and in the gathering and circulation of objects and information. This shows the variety of places for conducting scientific work and their relationship to the infrastructures that shape the formation and occupation of the territory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Anales de Literatura Hispanoamericana is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper, we will consider the administration of the community goods of Yucatecan towns during Colonial period. As an example, we analyze the community goods of Izamal, through the "Matricula y cuenta de comunidad de los indios de la cabecera y pueblo de Izamal de 1795", a document located in the Archivo General de la Nacion of Mexico. "The Matricula y cuenta" is, along with Buczotz and Pixila (previous documents in the same record), the only ones of its kind that we have found for the Yucatecan towns of the eighteenth century. Finally, we propose that the Izamal neighborhoods corresponded to the guild farms sold a few years before by the bishop fray Luis Piña y Mazo. As they were also part of the community goods, the farms were deliberately concealed by local authorities to avoid their dispossession and to preserve the bonds of community reciprocity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O presente trabalho pretende demonstrar como que ocorreu formação das estancias ganadeiras que compuseram o estado do Rio Grande do Sul, tendo o objetivo mostrar a consolidação do mesmo através das disputas territoriais entre as coroas Ibéricas, que entre os séculos XVI XIX hostilizavam este espaço juntamente com os jesuítas, que com suas reduções detinham a grande parcela do estado como conhecemos hoje.

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Copyright of Oficina do Historiador is the property of EDIPUCRS - Editora Universitaria da PUCRS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Grafía is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Muy bien documentadas están las frecuentes estancias del pintor Joaquín Sorolla y Bastida en la ciudad de Sevilla. Para el pintor, la ciudad será, en palabras de Juan Carlos Montes, «ese río al que Narciso irá a mirarse hasta quedar atrapado en él» (Montes, 2016: 177). Sorolla mantiene con la ciudad una relación ambigua, por un lado afirmaba que «la famosa y cacareada Sevilla no es para tanto», y, por otro, sus repetidas estancias confirman esa intensa admiración que se convertirá según sus propias palabras en «una querencia necesaria».

The contribution aims to identify and evaluate the almost unknown figures that throughout 124 years formed and developed the Jesuit estancia of Alta Gracia. To-day transformed into an important city of the province of Cordova, that conserved the old church and building that hosted them. Here we mention the biographies of each of the Jesuits that we have been able to locate and who managed or died in the estancia under different circumstances. They also constitute only a part of the stable population that began to emerge in 1643, with a large majority of africans and African-american enslaved.

El artículo analiza los orígenes de la ganadería bovina en la provincia de El Socorro (nororiente de Colombia) desde las dinámicas en la posesión de tierras, la adecuación de potreros en las estancias y haciendas para las razas criollas, el intercambio económico con los llanos del Casanare y los intereses pecuarios de los insurgentes de 1781. A partir de la consulta en los archivos notariales del Socorro, trabajos de grado sobre demografía y movimiento de tierras y estudios de especialistas sobre la historia de la ganadería en Colombia se demuestra que desde sus orígenes como Provincia se fomentó la producción, intercambio y comercialización del ganado bovino a la par de sus tradicionales comercios interprovinciales de mieles, tabacos y artesanías de algodón.

Se presentan la metodología y los primeros resultados de un estudio regional del poblamiento prehispánico tardío de la cuenca alta de Azapa en la precordillera de la región de Arica y Parinacota (ca. 3.000 msnm, Chile). El buen estado de conservación de los vestigios arquitectónicos en esta región serrana del desierto de Atacama permitió llevar a cabo con eficacia una prospección por fotointerpretación de imágenes satelitales, la cual logró duplicar el registro de asentamientos habitacionales prehispánicos que era conocido en esta cuenca hidrográfica de 1.000 km2. Mediante la elaboración de una base de datos geoespaciales que integra y retroalimenta esta información inédita con el conjunto heterogéneo de datos de terreno existentes, se propone una estimación del poblamiento prehispánico tardío en el área, además de documentar su extensión y diversidad.Se confirma que el poblamiento aldeano estuvo concentrado en tres grandes complejos residenciales localizados en el corazón del área agrícola. Pero se evidencia también un patrón de asentamiento extendido, con la identificación de decenas de asentamientos menores dispersos en la región. Estos asentamientos corresponden mayormente a estancias, las cuales se habrían relacionado principalmente con actividades pastoriles complementarias a las labores agrícolas. Se discute la función territorial de las estancias y se propone finalmente que este tipo de asentamiento constituye una potencial línea de evidencias para caracterizar las dinámicas socioterritoriales e interacciones macrorregionales ocurridas en la transecta del 18° Sur entre el Altiplano Carangas y el Pacífico. We present the methodology and the first results of a regional study of late pre-Hispanic occupation in the Azapa upper basin located in Arica y Parinacota region (ca. 3000 asl, Chile). The good preservation of the architectural remains in this mountainous region of the Atacama Desert allowed to perform effectively a survey by photo-interpretation of high-resolution multi-spectral satellite imagery. This aerial survey managed to duplicate the record of previously known late pre-Hispanic residential settlements in this watershed of 1000 km2 . By developing a geodatabase that integrates this new information with abundant field-survey data, we document the extent and diversity of the late pre-Hispanic settlement pattern. It is confirmed that occupation was concentrated in three large residential complex located in the heart of the agricultural area. But the study also reveals an extended settlement pattern, with the identification of dozens of small settlements scattered in the region. These settlements are mostly estancias (small farms), which would be mainly associated to pastoral activities complementary with agriculture.We discuss the territorial function of these small farms and we propose that this type of settlement is potentially a good line of evidence to characterize the socio-territorial dynamics and macro-regional interactions occurred in the transect of 18°S between the Altiplano of Carangas and the Pacific Ocean.

Se trata de una larga composición poética, de marcado carácter barroco senequista, procedente se cree del archivo residual del Marqués de Pidal, el cual es conservado en su palacio del Carrascalejo. Su autoría es de Ginés José Guerao Chico de Guzmán durante las últimas décadas del siglo XVII atendiendo a su lenguaje y formas arcaicas usadas previo el siglo XVIII. Está compuesto mayoritariamente de estancias con versos endecasílabos y heptasílabos.

The sheep livestock sector is going through an important crisis in Argentine Patagonia, which has been magnified by reduced pasture productivity caused by a lasting history of overgrazing. Farmers were interviewed in order to assess their knowledge and attitudes towards adopting additional, potentially more sustainable activities complementary to livestock farming that would help to mitigate income losses and land abandonment. Tourism and consumptive uses of wildlife were the preferred options by the respondents. However, only half of farmers would be willing to reduce sheep stocking density even if economic reward from complementary uses of wildlife exceed losses due to overgrazing. This casts some doubts on the potential conservation benefits for Patagonian shrub-steppe ecosystems of exploiting populations of wild species or other complementary activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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En este artículo se analiza la trayectoria secular de una gran estancia rioplatense entre el fin del orden colonial y el inicio de la década de 1870, intentando comprender los cambios en la gestión, sus motivaciones y su racionalidad, así como los distintos factores que restringieron o ampliaron las opciones de inversión. El resultado muestra una empresa racionalmente orientada y dirigida, que sin embargo, debió enfrentar desafíos muy fuertes para mantener su competitividad durante la compleja y larga construcción del capitalismo rural.This article aims to analyze the secular way of a great River Plate cattle ranch, between late colonial period and the beginnings of the 1870's, trying to understand management changes, their motivations and rationality, as well as the different factors which narrowed or enlarged investment options. Results show a rationally-oriented and managed company; which, anyway, faced strong challenges to enhance his competitiveness during a complex rural capitalism construction process.

Public policies have increasingly recognized tourism as an alternative to reducing social inequality. They have been fomenting the development of this activity as economic option to different geographical scales. However, the implications of this process depend on the meaning of tourism to places where it has been encouraged. Therefore, this research aims to understand what has been the recent contribution of tourism policies for indicators related to social inequalities in the tourist municipalities at state of São Paulo, Brazil. Through the use of policy evaluation method known as 'differences in differences', the main results contribute to demonstrate that the group of tourist municipalities at São Paulo, covered by this study, has been shown better performance only in some of the analyzed indicators when compared with other cities in the same state. On the other hand, the investigation about the causal interactions between political intervention with the obtained results in these municipalities suggest that the role of these policies falls short of what is stated in oficial discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivo: Mostrar un ejemplo de la interpretación engañosa del concepto «público» y «privado» con datos sencillos sobre la dotación y la actividad hospitalaria en España. Material y métodos: Se utilizan datos de la Encuesta de Establecimientos Sanitarios con Régimen de Internado (EESCRI) del año 2002 para Cataluña y se comparan los resultados de dotación (hospitales y camas) y de actividad (altas, estancias, estancia media, índice de ocupación e índice de rotación) como resultado de recategorizar las variables (dependencia funcional y financiación), en función del concepto público y privado. Resultados: La dotación, actividad y los índices hospitalarios básicos dan una imagen muy diferente sobre la asistencia pública o privada según cuál sea la variable de clasificación utilizada. Conclusiones: Es necesario precisar mejor los conceptos y las variables utilizadas en el estudio del sistema sanitario y mejorar las fuentes de información para adaptarlas a las nuevas realidades de gestión de los servicios existentes.Objective: To give an example of the misleading interpretations of the concepts «public and private» when dealing with simple data from hospital resources and activities in Spain. Material and methods: Data comes from the survey of hospitals (EESCRI) for the year 2002 in Catalonia. Using the figures corresponding to resources (number of centers and beds) and activities (discharges, stays, mean stay, occupancy, and rotation) comparisons are made among different variables (managing authority and funding source) reclassified, according to the concepts of public and private. Results: The figures on resources and activities offer a very different portrait about the public or private nature of the care provided, according to the variables being used for classification. Conclusions: It is necessary to specify the concepts and variables to be used when analyzing the performance of health services and to improve the information sources in order to adapt them to the new management forms of the health services.

This article examines the process that took place as changes were made to the way in which indigenous manual labor was used (as mandated by the Spanish government through the encomienda) in Central Chile towards the end of the sixteenth century through the first half of the seventeenth century. As gold veins were depleted and the Chilean economy changed, moving toward agro-livestock production, Spanish representatives began slowly and tentatively, at first, then massively and permanently, to move workers to farms and ranches where they lived and lent personal services. Other tax payers paid indigenous people, bought slaves or contracted those who were available to work regardless of their origin. This meant that by the seventeenth century, the majority of these people were living on such rural properties and deserting their original settlements. As these farms became the main nuclei of the rural indigenous populations, people from many different geographical locations–with a variety of legal statuses and identities–came together and raised families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O estudo da administração e aplicação das temporalidades apreendidas dos jesuítas em 1767, nas diferentes regiões da América Latina, destacou o papel primordial de redes de ligações locais no acesso aos cargos e à posse desses bens. A partir desta perspectiva, a alienação do patrimônio rural dos jesuítas, confiscado pela Junta de Buenos Aires, recebeu menos interesse historiográfico. Este artigo centra-se na análise das operações de transferência de usufruto e propriedade das fazendas Areco e Las Vacas, concretizada no final do século XVIII. O objetivo é identificar as várias partes envolvidas e fazer avançar a análise dos métodos de gestão das Juntas portenhas em um período em que as mudanças políticas e institucionais da monarquia espanhola articula um processo regional de expansão agrícola e de reavaliação dos recursos produtivos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mundo Agrario is the property of Universidad Nacional de La Plata and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The colonial "estancias" have been recently analyzed as enterprises rationally oriented to the market. Researches estimated the utility rate and profit, according to the economic factors, especially, the investment. On the other hand, this research will propose an analysis of the profit and valuation of the estancia, proposing an alternative methodological perspective, where "peones" and slaves were the ones who create a new value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The historical causes of landscape degradation in tropical highland central Mexico remain poorly understood. Scholarly contention exists over the landscape effects of livestock introduced during the sixteenth century. In this article, the author considers the methodology of using land grant documents to assess livestock's environmental impact during the early colonial period (1521–1620 CE). The investigation focuses on the southeastern Valle del Mezquital as a case study by which to reconsider the methodologies of previous scholars. The author then presents a spatial reconstruction of sheep ranching in the case study area. This reconstruction indicates that the majority of sheep ranches occupied mountainous zones where indigenous agriculture would have been absent. This suggests that sheep overstocking likely instigated soil erosion in the higher elevations whereas agricultural terrace abandonment triggered soil erosion in the lowlands, which together resulted in landscape-wide environmental degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rural settlements growing crops and rearing animals are known as estancias in several South American countries. They played a prevailing role in the political and economic history of Argentina, particularly during the second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. At present, many estancias are developing alternative activities, as recreation and tourism, in order to be able to subsist. The main problem lies in the fact that a non-sustainable activity, frequently focused on the greatest economic yield, leads to the destruction of the heritage, instead of achieving its long-term conservation. The purpose of this paper is to develop and verify a suitable model for the planning, execution and management of recreational and tourist activities in these rural settlements. As regards the scope of the concept of sustainable development, this methodology aims at achieving a balance between the recreational and tourist operation and the conservation of the rich heritage concerned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]