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The author proposes that the experiences we designate as disturbing are those in which we are unable to distinguish healthy from unhealthy aspects, as the absence of a scientifically based theory of mental health leaves us too exposed to social pressures. The author also proposes that we should consider the theoretical contribution that could come from putting order in our conceptions of sanity through an evolutionary approach. In particular, he proposes a revision of the concept of psychological defense focusing the existence of ancient defense strategies in the form of paroxysmal metabolic savings (freezing) which in the course of evolution have become partly maladaptive, coming into conflict with the defense strategies which push in the direction of greater metabolic expenditure through hunting and aggression. The two defensive strategies can conflict if they are not regulated through cortical mediation. Some reasons for the failure of this mediation are examined, a failure that leaves individuals at the mercy of the oscillations of their basic nuclei. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper celebrates the life and legacy of psychiatrist and Jungian author Anthony Stevens, who passed away at age 90 on July 13, 2023. It outlines Stevens's origins as a research fellow in Greece, where his work on infant attachment led to a lifelong dedication to establishing the biological and evolutionary foundation of psychiatry. It details his instrumental role in the debate about the theory of archetypes and describes the current state of the literature including the responses and reactions to Stevens's biological innatist position. The paper concludes with a career retrospective in which Stevens's major works are introduced and briefly described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The choice of the authors, among the most exemplary, constitutes only an initial part of a broader and more in-depth research work, as a proactive stimulus for a literary hypertext centered on the role of women in the literary world and, consequently, in the historical-social context Evolving. Generally speaking, it can be stated that the presence of women in literature, as an inspiring figure and author, is as old as literature itself. She is the protagonist of writing in verse and prose. Therefore, she presents herself - both in biblical and literary culture - in her role as handmaid, inspiring muse and coauthor, from the origins of the myth to the Middle Ages. From here, then, we moved on to examine the poetic and religious experience of "praise", which has become one of the most significant topoi and tropes of rhetorical-stylistic and artistic interpretation, from the Renaissance to the modern and contemporary age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since Jung's death in 1961, scholars have attempted to integrate growing biological science data into Jungian concepts such as the collective unconscious, instincts and the archetypes. This enterprise has been challenging due to persistent false dichotomies of gene and environment occasionally arising. Recent works by Roesler (2022a, 2022b) for example, have raised objections to the biological theory of archetypes, but the objections are plagued by such dichotomies. The concept of phenotypic plasticity, however, helps to both avoid this problem as well as bridge the gap between competing theories into a more integrated model with solid biological foundations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The disappearance of Neanderthals was determined by multiple factors, which seem to rule out environmental causes. Rather, it was due to a slow process of hybridization/absorption with Homo sapiens but also of domination/competition by the latter, who was characterized by a higher degree of intraspecific aggression, more efficient technology for hunting and surviving and a much greater number of individuals. Therefore, the different demographic rate between the two populations may have had a non-secondary role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article proposes that creation and evolution do not necessarily exclude each other, because they are not affirmations on the same level. Evolution is an empirical scientific hypothesis dealing with the immanent intelligibility to the data about the world, whereas creation is an answer to the question “Why there is something rather than nothing?”. This presupposes, of course, an adequate understanding of creation. The contribution ends with a presentation of Bernard Lonergan’s “emergent probability,” which is an explanation of evolution on the basis of an analysis of human knowing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Il lavoro analizza la case history di una istituzione scolastica che, al variare del contesto intorno a sé, reagisce evolvendosi rapidamente. Di esperienza in esperienza, di sperimentazione in sperimentazione, arriva, nel tempo, a internazionalizzare la propria dimensione operativa. Offre così, ad allievi e personale, una leva motivazionale di incomparabile potenza. Con la consapevolezza di concorrere allo sviluppo del proprio territorio, adeguando la propria struttura organizzativa, e con un middle management affidabile e consonante, sperimenta vie nuove e mai praticate prima. Il processo, condotto con impegno e serietà, porta all’acquisizione di una credibilità istituzionale e alla concreta prospettiva di una convenzione con i Ministeri dell’Istruzione e degli Esteri, che apre scenari promettenti dei quali tutti potranno beneficiare.

A partire dall'origine della vita, sostengo che il modello generale dell'evoluzione strettamente accoppiata del bio-ta e del clima sulla Terra sia stato il risultato molto probabile di un numero relativamente piccolo di storie possibili allamacroscala, date le stesse condizioni iniziali. Pertanto, l'evoluzione della biosfera auto-seleziona un modello di evoluzione biotica che è grossolanamente deterministico, con vincoli critici che includono probabilmente la temperatura superficiale nonché i livelli di ossigeno e anidride carbonica nell'atmosfera. La fisica e la chimica ambientale guidano i principali eventi dell'evoluzione biotica tra cui la fotosintesi e la fotosintesi ossigenata, l'emergere di nuovi tipi di cellule (eucarioti) dalla fusione di metabolismi complementari e infine la multicellularità e persino l'encefalizzazione.

Il presente contributo intende tracciare sinteticamente i presupposti teorici fondamentali per una metafisica ecologica di stampo neoplatonico, articolando una nozione dinamico-intensiva di «stessità» su tre fronti: biologico, psicologico, cosmologico. Muovendo dalle elaborazioni post-cibernetiche e dalla biologia dei sistemi, attraverso l’ecologia della mente di Bateson, si riattiverà infine l’antica aporia dell’Uno e dei Molti, mostrandone, oggi come allora, l’inaggirabilità speculativa.

Il presente saggio esamina i processi cognitivi in una prospettiva evolutiva, ecologica e sistemica. Prendendo le mosse dalla teoria darwiniana e dallo sviluppo della Sintesi Evolutiva Estesa, il riferimento alla biologia evoluzionistica permette un ripensamento delle menti come fenomeni complessi “al crocevia” tra gli organismi (e le loro strutture) e gli ambienti che essi abitano e contribuiscono a costruire. Viene proposta l'idea che tale visione apra uno spazio verso il superamento delle tradizioni filosofiche che vedono nelle menti delle “cose” e nella cognizione un rispecchiamento o rappresentazione del mondo, per giungere ad una comprensione le prime nei termini di sistemi complessi e ad un'interpretazione della seconda attraverso il concetto di “enazione”.

Human consciousness is at the crossroads of biology and technology. On the one hand, consciousness has been forming in the long evolutionary process that preceded and brought about the emergence of homo sapiens and our emotional and cognitive capacities (from the pre-human to the human). On the other hand, in more recent times consciousness has been and is increasingly enriched by technical support systems that can expand these capacities, but which can also lay the groundwork for the emergence of new forms of intelligence (from the human to the post-human). Focusing attention on the paradigm of complexity, while avoiding facile and naïve reductionism, allows a more appropriate integration of these two processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Our paper is divided into three parts: the first, analyzing the results of a recent report of the Academy of Sciences of France concerning the interactions between children and touch-screens, clarifies the epistemological-evolutionary background within which we develop our research about the way children manage this kind of technology. The second part begins with an analysis of the digital revolution impact on the macro-economic scenarios in order to better understand the following review of the most recent international and Italian researches concerning the use of touch-technology by children (0-10) in informal contexts such as family and peers. This review aims to demonstrate how the age of children access to technology in general – and especially to smartphone and tablet based on touch-screen interfaces – has significantly lowered. The third is concerned with understanding how and why the new educational models culturally enhanced by digital technology can’t ignore the new informal touch-culture of children.

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It is usually thought that synchronicity, characterised as 'meaningful coincidence', is therefore understandable in relation to the concept of 'meaning'. I will explore the largely unhelpful symbiotic relationship between 'coincidence' and 'meaning' by comparing synchronicity with synchoricity - coincidence in space rather than time. These two concepts are often mixed together and I will attempt to describe a 'pure' synchronicity in order to sharpen our sense of how meaning is felt to arise from coincidence. It will then be suggested that the standard concept of synchronicity is mostly psychologically irrelevant and, when adjusted to remove elements which are explained quite naturally by evolutionary theory, we are left with a concept which has implications both for the metaphysical foundations of Analytical Psychology and the individualistic emphasis one commonly finds in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Il termine Smart City nasce come risposta ad alcuni problemi concreti che la città del XXI secolo si trova ad affrontare: aumento della popolazione, dell’inurbamento, cambiamento climatico. La città del XX secolo si è sviluppata in maniera deregolata, senza considerare quanto il “bene Terra” fosse limitato e come il suo ecosistema fragile. E’ all’interno di questo clima che il concetto di città “intelligente” nasce e si sviluppa. Lo studio si pone l’obiettivo di studiare il fenomeno partendo dall’analisi delle sue origini e dall’evoluzione storica che lo ha prodotto. / The Smart City word borns as an answer to some important problems that the XXI century city is asked to answer: population growing, urbanisation, climatic changes. The development of the XX century city was carried on in a deregulated way, without considering that the “Earth good” was limited and its ecosystem breakable. It is into this crisis climate that the concept of intelligent city borns and develops. The paper aims to study this issue from the origins of the word and from the historic evolution that made the concept real.

Why the idea of Darwin apparently suffers a lot of interpretative problems? Why the reception of the evolutionary theory is characterized by biases, misunderstandings and exploitations? Why the “false myths” about evolution seem to remain unchanged over decades? Why are they still rooted in our common sense? In this short article I have tried to analyze and describe the differential leak of information between Darwin and his audience, emphasizing the scientific, epistemological, historical, cultural and comunicative issues about the debate over evolutionary theory. At the origin of this leak an ahistorical complexity has been detected. Darwin’s idea, in fact, shows some anti-intuitive theoretic-argumentative characteristics. Along with this, the evolutionary theory determines a clear impact full of philosophical, moral, politic, religious and social implications. These “links” make the idea of Darwin something more than just a “scientific theory”. It is an unique case study, whereas its comunicative filtration, because of the several “epiphenomenal baggage”, becomes more problematic than ever.

In this paper I examine how sequential writing works in the literary field and what changes are at stake when a novel is written by multiple people each one of them writing at a given time with no previous agreement on plot and development. Since it does not allow writers to establish the full content of the novel and build a group consciousness, sequential writing begs questions about form and responsibility. What kind of novel can be composed through this writing technique? Who should be accounted as the author? The aim of this article is to demonstrate that a certain amount of chaos, competition, and entertainment is inevitable when no one can exert a full authority on a literary text.

The paper offers a scientific-phylosophical reflection on the ecological relations among living beings, evaluated in the framework of Darwinian evolutionism. Starting with the fact of extinction as a recurrent factor in the history of life, we point out the possible human role in the massive loss of biodiversity we can observe at present time. Then we try to introduce the basis for a behavioural change which would allow us to stop this process. Our argument is centred on the crucial concept of dependence as primary condition of life: as a result, we can reach a new idea about the identity of a living being, intended in a specific ecological value. This innovative concept of identity may represent, for human beings, the starting point for the development of a more conscious behaviour, both on moral and ecological perspective.

A meeting with Mattia Crespi Mattia Crespi, full professor of Geomatics at La Sapienza University in Rome, to talk about the evolution of Geomatics, the new line of research in the field of 3D sensors and the content of the Italian Spatial Data Infrastructure.

Storicamente, i primi casi di nidificazione di Cigno reale (Cygnus olor) in Italia sono stati accertati in Lombardia e Piemonte negli anni ‘60-’70 del secolo scorso, in seguito ad introduzioni iniziate negli anni ‘30-’40 nelle parti svizzere di alcuni laghi lombardi e continuate nei decenni successivi. La popolazione nidificante risulta attualmente concentrata nelle regioni settentrionali, dal Piemonte orientale alla fascia costiera alto-adriatica, dove si riproduce quasi il 90 % della popolazione nazionale; presenze più frammentate in Liguria, Trentino-Alto Adige, Toscana, Umbria, Lazio, Basilicata e Sardegna. All’inizio degli anni ‘80 del secolo scorso erano state stimate 20-35 coppie nidificanti in meno di 15 siti; di queste, l’80% si trovava in Piemonte e Lombardia. Le coppie sono aumentate a 25-45 nel 1987, poi a 300-500 nei primi anni del 2000, ed attualmente a 500-700 in oltre 150 siti, con un aumento di oltre il 900% rispetto ai valori iniziali. Questi dati confermano la fase di incremento ed espansione territoriale nota a livello europeo negli ultimi decenni. La colonizzazione di molti siti riproduttivi, localizzati in prevalenza nelle regioni settentrionali, è dovuta alla formazione di nuclei svernanti, cui fa seguito la formazione di coppie riproduttrici. Tale fenomeno ha interessato, seppur in misura più limitata, anche le regioni centro-meridionali, dove le osservazioni sono andate aumentando negli ultimi due decenni. Il Cigno reale nidifica a coppie isolate o localmente raggruppate in forma coloniale in zone umide naturali o artificiali, anche di modesta estensione, preferibilmente dal livello del mare fino a 300 m, con un’altitudine massima di 970 m s.l.m., rilevata in Trentino.

Il sistema endocrino degli organismi animali è il risultato di milioni di anni di evoluzione, e rappresenta un collaudatissimo dispositivo di controllo delle attività fisiologiche. Con l'espressione "interferenti endocrini" viene normalmente identificata una classe di composti chimici di sintesi in grado di alterare gli aspetti funzionali di questo fondamentale sistema di regolazione biologica. Alcune delle evidenze oggi più solide mostrano, per esempio, che certi inquinanti noti per essere ormai ubiquitari dal punto di vista della loro presenza e persistenza ambientale, come molti pesticidi, sottoprodotti industriali e un certo numero di farmaci, possono interferire con la biochimica e la fisiologia dell'organismo animale (uomo incluso) amplificando, oppure, al contrario, ostacolando i normali processi di controllo ormonale del metabolismo e di una lunga serie di funzioni fondamentali per l'omeostasi. Cresce quindi il timore che gli interferenti endocrini possano diventare una sfida di salute pubblica di portata globale, per i loro effetti sulla salute della biodiversità animale, di cui l'uomo è parte. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Studi e Materiali di Storia delle Religioni is the property of Editrice Morcelliana S.p.A. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Jung's psychology proffers a sustained reflection on the traditional religious question of the relation of divine transcendence to immanence. On this issue his psychology affirms a position of radical immanence in its contention that the experience of divinity is initially wholly from within. Though this position remains on the periphery of religious and theological orthodoxy Jung is not alone in holding it among moderns. Paul Tillich adopts a similar stance with his controlling symbols of the divine as 'Ground of Being' and 'Depth of Reason'. Pierre Teilhard de Chardin understands divinity as the experiential energy of evolution itself working within nature and humanity toward greater configurations of universal communion as the basis of community. All of Jung's master symbols of individuation assume such an understanding of immanence uniting individual and totality. His psychology strongly suggests and contributes to the current emergence of a new religious sensitivity based on the awareness of the intra-psychic origin of all religions. In his later writings he held out such a position as a significant alternative to genocide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recensione del numero 2/2012 della rivista "Paradosso", dedicato a "Forme della vita e statuti del vivente. Filosofia e biologia".

Review of the book Guido Mazzoni Teoria del romanzo by Daniela Brogi.

Historically, the first Mute Swan (Cygnus olor) nesting cases in Italy were found in Lombardy and Piedmont in the '60s-'70s of the last century, as a result of introductions started in the '30s-'40s in the Swiss parts of some lakes of Lombardy and continued in the following decades. At present, 90% of the breeding population of Mute Swan in Italy is located in the Northern regions, from Eastern Piedmont to the Northern Adriatic coast; smaller numbers are present in Liguria, Trentino- Alto Adige, Tuscany, Umbria, Lazio, Basilicata e Sardinia. In the early '80s there were 20-35 pairs in less than 15sites, 80% of them in Piedmont and Lombardy; the numbers increased to 25-45 in 1987, 300-500 in the early 2000s. At present, there are 300-700 pairs, in more than 150 sites, with a more than 900% increase. The colonization of many sites, mainly located in the northern regions, is due to the repeated presence of wintering birds, which was followed by the formation of breeding pairs; this phenomenon has also affected, although to a lesser extent, the central and southern regions, where observations in non-reproductive period have been increasing over the past two decades. These data confirm the number increase, and areal expansion, which have been recorded in Europe in the latest years. In Italy, Mute Swan nests in isolated pairs or locally grouped in natural or artificial wetlands, even of small size, preferably from sea level up to 300 m, with a maximum altitude of 970 m asl found in Trentino. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Abstract The origin of recent species belonging to the genera Myoxus, Muscardinus, Glirulus, Eliomys, Dryomys and Myomimus is discussed. Evolution of myoxids in the Pliocene and Pleistocene is expressed by gradual size increase of their cheek teeth. No gradual change in the dental pattern is observed. Riassunto Modelli di evoluzione dei Mioxidi nel Pliocene e Pleistocene in Europa - Viene discussa l'origine delle specie recenti appartenenti ai generi Myoxus, Muscardinus, Glirulus, Eliomys, Dryomys e Myomimus. L'evoluzione dei Mioxidi nel Pliocene e nel Pleistocene è espressa da un graduale aumento delle dimensioni dei molari. Non è stato osservato alcun cambiamento graduale nel pattern dentale.

Abstract This paper focuses on relationships among the living Palaearctic myoxid genera, excluding the African hystricomorphous graphiurines. Features of the dental occlusal pattern, skull, enamel ultrastructure of the lower incisors, muscles of mastication (in particular, the ptergoids), external male genital morphology, and auditory region are reviewed. A working hypothesis of possible evolutionary relationships among myoxids and a new classification of Seleviniinae (including Selevinia, Chaetocauda, and Myomimus) are proposed. Most characters closely group Eliomys with Dryomys (= Dryomyinae) and Myoxus with Glirulus (= members of Glirinae). The Seleviniinae are considered most primitive and Muscardinus most advanced among living dormice. Riassunto Affinità tra i generi viventi di Mioxidi - Questo lavoro è incentrato sulle relazioni esistenti tra i generi paleartici viventi di Mioxidi, con esclusione dei Grafiurini Istricomorfi africani. Vengono riesaminati caratteri quali: pattern di occlusione dentale, cranio, ultrastruttura dello smalto degli incisivi inferiori, muscoli della masticazione (in particolare gli pterigoidei), morfologia genitale esterna maschile e regione auditiva. Vengono proposte una ipotesi di lavoro delle possibili relazioni evolutive tra i Mioxidi ed una nuova classificazione dei Seleviniinae (che includono Selevinia, Chaetocauda e Myomimus). Molti caratteri raggruppano Eliomys con Dryomys (= Dryomyinae) e Myoxus con Glirulus (= Glirinae). I Seleviniinae sono considerati i più primitivi e Muscardinus il più avanzato tra i Mioxidi viventi.

Abstract A synopsis of cytogenetic studies performed on various species and populations of myoxids is presented. Interspecific phylogenetic relationships derived from chromosomal data are evaluated and the evolutionary importance of intraspecific karyotypic variation is discussed. New data on the karyotypes of Dryomys nitedula from Asia and Muscardinus avellanarius from Europe are presented and discussed with special emphasis on the contrasting pattern of chromosomal differentiation in Eliomys vs. Dryomys and other myoxids. A bibliography of myoxid cytogenetics and karyology is compiled. Riassunto Variazione cromosomica e sistematica dei Mioxidi - Viene presentata una sinossi degli studi citogenetici effettuati su varie specie e popolazioni di Mioxidi. Vengono valutate le relazioni filogenetiche interspecifiche derivate da dati cromosomici e viene discussa l'importanza evolutiva della variazione cariotipica intraspecifica. Vengono presentati nuovi dati sui cariotipi di Dryomys nitedula asiatico e di Muscardinus avellanurius europeo e discussi con particolare enfasi sul contrastante pattern di differenziamento cromosomico di Eliomys rispetto a Dryomys ed altri Mioxidi. Viene compilata una bibliografia su citogenetica e cariologia dei Mioxidi.