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The rural revitalization strategy proposes to promote rural development based on a spatial governance and classification system. The development directions and foci of different types of villages show the characteristics of differentiation. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out accurate and precise studies on rural development to clarify the objectives and directions of rural revitalization by identifying the vitality and activation pathways of rural development. With a focus on 221 villages in Conghua District, the outer suburb of Guangzhou, this study quantified rural development vitality and rural multi-dimensional activation values based on the vitality index of rural development and the evaluation index of rural activation, respectively, derived from multi-source geospatial data and socio-economic statistics, classified activation types according to the methods of hierarchical assignment and combination matrix, and proposed the corresponding activation pathways. The results were three-fold. First, the vitality index of rural development verified by the multiple linear regression model accurately reflected the current course of rural development in the Conghua District in 2020. The proportion of rural areas at or below the middle vitality level of development was 62.89%, indicating that the rural development in Conghua District was lagging. It presents the spatial distribution characteristics of "cross". The villages at or above the high vitality level of development are close to the center of the town (street) where they are located, while low-level villages are mostly distributed in the west and north of Conghua District. Second, there existed a significant differentiation pattern of multi-dimensional activation value in the rural areas. The resource activation values remained at the lower level, while the production and life activation values remained at the middle level, and the ecological activation values remained at the excellent level. The comprehensive activation value was mainly at or above the middle level, with the villages accounting for 55.65%. In other words, Conghua District exhibited a large activation potential with a spatial distribution pattern of "high in the southwest and low in the northeast". Finally, the rural activation type mainly comprised the priority activation type (42.99%), close to the center of each town (street) in space and distributed in the south and west of Conghua District, followed by the ecological leading type (28.96%) and strengthened and upgraded villages (28.05%). The strategy of the priority activation type was to strengthen the integration of rural industries as well as the implementation of planning and design. The ecological leading type was mainly distributed in the north of Conghua District, with the activation direction to develop ecological rural tourism in harmony with environmental protection. Strengthened and upgraded villages were scattered in all towns (streets), with the activation focus on the rural property-leasing economy and the improvement of the transfer of agricultural land and living security. The results of this study can provide effective support strategies and scientific guidance for local governments to promote rural revitalization.

A novel waterborne strippable temporary protective coating has been prepared to address the problems of equipment installation collision damage and corrosion during the construction process of nuclear power facilities. The application feasibility of the strippable temporary protective coating in the temporary protection of nuclear power facilities has been studied via salt spray tests, artificial aging tests, damp heat tests and flexibility tests. The results show that the self-prepared strippable temporary protective coating has good salt spray resistance and weather resistance. After 500 hours of salt spray test and 600 hours of artificial aging test, the mechanical properties of the coating have not changed significantly. The toxic and harmful elements are below the limit, which will not induce stress corrosion of the protected equipment. It has good flexibility, elongation, tensile strength, impact resistance and peel strength, which can form a good protective effect on the surface of equipment and is easy to peel off. It is feasible to apply it in the temporary protection of equipment during the construction process of nuclear power facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Anti‐PD‐1 antibody has shown certain effects in patients with newly diagnosed extranodal NK/T‐cell lymphoma (ENKTL). Here, we evaluated the clinical efficacy and safety of first‐line anti‐PD‐1 antibody for the treatment of patients with ENKTL and explored biomarkers for treatment response. The clinical data of 107 patients with newly diagnosed ENKTL were retrospectively analysed. Patients received either first‐line anti‐PD‐1 antibody induction treatment or anti‐PD‐1 antibody combined with asparaginase‐based chemotherapy (immunochemotherapy). We found that immunochemotherapy was an independent prognostic factor for longer PFS (p < 0.001). The overall response rate and complete remission rate of immunochemotherapy group was higher than immunotherapy induction group (86.11% vs. 62.86% and 72.22% vs. 52.29%, respectively, p = 0.013). We also observed pretreatment CD4/CD8 ratio >0.83 was significant associated with better response and longer PFS in ENKTL patients received first‐line anti‐PD1‐antibody. Plasma copy number of EBV decreased more significantly in patients with CD4/CD8 ratio >0.83 after treatment. PD‐L1 expression was associated with better response and PFS, while elevated plasma IL‐6, IL‐10 and IFN‐γ were associated with poor prognosis. Anti‐PD‐1 antibody treatment showed promising results in newly diagnosed ENKTL patients. The assessment of pretreatment CD4/CD8 ratio in ENKTL seems feasible for identifying responders to anti‐PD‐1 antibody treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the expression of programmed cell death 1 ligand 2 (PD-L2) in thymoma and thymomatous myasthenia gravis (MG).Methods: The records of 70 patients with thymoma receiving surgical resection between January 2017 and December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Thymoma PD-L2 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry staining. Associations between PD-L2 expression and clinicopathologic features were examined.Results: PD-L2 expression was positive in 41 patients (58.6%) and negative in 29 patients (41.4%). Of them, 33 had thymomatous MG. Patients with MG were more likely to be 50 years of age or younger (69.70% vs 35.14%); have more World Health Organization (WHO) type B thymomas (84.85% vs 64.86%); have tumors of smaller size (4.09 ± 2.33 cm vs 6.47 ± 2.42 cm); have positive PD-L2 expression (78.79% vs 40.54%); and have a higher percentage of PD-L2-positive cells, higher PD-L2 expression intensity, and score (all P < .05). Positive PD-L2 expression was associated with more type B thymomas, higher Masaoka-Koga stage, smaller tumor size, ectopic thymus, and MG (all P < .05). Factors significantly associated with MG were age under 50 years, tumor size less than 5 cm, and positive PD-L2 expression (all P < .05).Conclusions: Thymoma PD-L2 expression is significantly associated with thymomatous MG and WHO histologic types B2 and B3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Cyclin-dependent kinase-like 2 (CDKL2) is a member of the CDKL family and recognized as a novel regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition of breast cancer cells, but its role has not been explored in gastric cancer (GC). This study was to characterize the CDKL2 protein expression and gene copy number in relation to human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status, clinicopathological features, and overall survival (OS) in GC. Methods. This study detected the CDKL2 protein expression and gene copy number by immunochemistry (IHC) and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), respectively, in 334 GC samples. HER2 status was determined according to established criteria. Associations of the CDKL2 protein expression and gene copy number with OS in GC were evaluated, and the association between CDKL2 mRNA expression and OS in GC was also analyzed using TCGA data. Results. The detection results suggested that 34.1% cases showed high CDKL2 protein expression; 11.4% cases had ≥5 copies of CDKL2 gene or a ratio of CDKL2 to chromosome of ≥2. The CDKL2 protein expression was markedly correlated with its gene copy number. High protein expression and high gene copy number were both significantly associated with positive HER2 status, and they both could predicted a shorter OS, although not as independent markers suggested by the multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. The TCGA data indicated that higher CDKL2 mRNA level also predicted a shorter OS in GC. Conclusions. The combined detection of the CDKL2 protein level and gene copy number could be of important value in predicting HER2 status and prognosis of patients with GC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cell-division cycle 20 (CDC20) is overexpressed in a variety of tumor cells and is negatively regulated by wild-type p53 (wtp53). Our previous study uncovered that CDC20 was upregulated and associated with poor outcome in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) based on bioinformatics analysis. Dysregulation of the MDM2-p53 is a major mechanism to promote DLBCL. Thus, we hypothesized that CDC20 could be a downstream gene of the MDM2-p53 signaling pathway. However, the clinical significance and mechanistic role of a novel MDM2-p53-CDC20 signaling pathway in DLBCL have still remained unclear. Materials and Methods: RT-qPCR was performed in MDM2 knocked down (KD) and control (Ctrl) OCI-Ly3/OCI-Ly10 cells to investigate whether CDC20 was a downstream gene of the MDM2-p53 pathway. The effects of CDC20 on cell proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis were assessed, as well as the role of CDC20 in suppressing tumorigenicity in vivo. Furthermore, we also investigated the roles of CDC20 and MDM2 in progression of DLBCL and the underlying mechanisms. Results: The results of RT-qPCR revealed that CDC20 was downregulated while TP53 was upregulated in MDM2 KD OCI-Ly3 and OCI-Ly10 cells. It was unveiled that the expression levels of CDC20 and MDM2 were upregulated in DLBCL tissues and cells, and high CDC20 expression was correlated with adverse clinical features and poor outcome. Functional assays showed that downregulation of CDC20 could inhibit proliferation, induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in vitro. In addition, inactivation of the MDM2-p53 pathway by downregulation of MDM2 restored wtp53 expression level and reduced CDC20 protein level in OCI-Ly3 and OCI-Ly10 cells. Besides, targeting CDC20 was found to suppress tumorigenesis of DLBCL in vivo. Conclusion: CDC20 was identified as a key downstream gene of the MDM2-p53 signaling pathway in DLBCL and may be used as a novel target gene to guide therapeutic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: MYC rearrangements are the main cytogenetic alterations in plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL). We aimed to investigate the relationship between MYC rearrangement and the clinicopathological features of PBL. Methods and results: MYC rearrangements assessed in 13 unpublished single‐centre PBL cases, and an additional 85 cases from the literature, with reported MYC rearrangement information individualised by patient, were reviewed. In Asia, PBL was much less commonly diagnosed in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐positive patients (27% versus 84%, P = 0.000), with older age (median age at diagnosis: 52 years versus 44 years, P = 0.046) and a lower EBV infection rate (56.8% versus 81.8%, P = 0.049), than in non‐Asian regions. Overall, MYC rearrangements were identified in 44 of 98 (44.9%) PBL cases, and IGH was the partner in almost all available cases (30/31, 96.8%), as confirmed with a MYC–IGH fusion probe. The MYC rearrangement rate in HIV‐positive cases (33/55, 60.0%) was significantly higher than that in HIV‐negative cases (11/38, 28.9%, P = 0.003). Patients with MYC rearrangement showed a trend towards an inferior median survival time (9.6 months versus 15.7 months, P = 0.122) and 2‐year overall survival (17% versus 32%, P = 0.238). Conclusions: MYC rearrangement was frequently identified in PBL patients, and IGH was the partner gene in an overwhelming majority of MYC rearrangements. In addition, the MYC rearrangement rate was significantly higher in HIV‐positive PBL patients than that in HIV‐negative patients. MYC rearrangement may play an important role in the pathogenesis of HIV‐positive PBL, but further studies are required to understand the underlying mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Massive thymic hyperplasia is an extremely rare disorder, with fewer than 60 cases reported so far. Majority of the previous cases occurred in neonates, infants, and older children. Presentation of case A man was found to have an anterior mediastinal mass without any symptoms at 30 years of age. Operation was done successfully. The mass measured 112 mm × 191 mm × 184 mm and weighed 2141 g. Histological and immunohistochemical findings further confirmed the diagnosis of massive thymic hyperplasia. The complication of postoperative chylothorax occurred, which has not been previously reported in MTH. After undergoing conservative treatment, the patient finally recovered. Discussion This is the first case of massive thymic hyperplasia reported in an adult (defined as ≥ 18 years old). Chylothorax is one of the potentially fatal complications. However, we carried out effective treatments, which are educational and clinically interesting to surgeons and clinicians. Conclusion Although not previously reported, massive thymic hyperplasia could also be found in adults. The main treatment for massive thymic hyperplasia is surgical removal. Good clinical effects on post-thymectomy chylothorax are available after undergoing conservative treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives A missense mutation in GTF2I was previously identified in thymic epithelioid tumor (TET). However, the clinicopathological relevance of GTF2I mutation has not been illustrated. We studied the prognostic importance of GTF2I mutation as well as its relation to histological subtypes in a large number of TETs. Methods TET samples from 296 patients with clinical and follow-up data were collected, and histological subtypes were classified. Analysis of the GTF2I (chromosome 7 c.74146970T > A) mutation was undertaken by using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and direct sequencing. The association of GTF2I mutation with clinicopathological features as well as prognosis was analyzed. Results One hundred twenty-four out of 296 (41.9%) patients harbored the GTF2I mutation (chromosome 7 c.74146970T > A). GTF2I mutation was observed in 20 (87.0%) cases of type A thymoma, 70 (78.7%) of type AB thymoma, and the frequency decreased with the degree of histological subtype aggressiveness, with the lowest rate in thymic carcinoma (7.7%). The difference of GTF2I mutation distribution in histological subtypes was statistically significant ( p < 0.001). The GTF2I mutation was found more frequently in patients with early Masaoka stage (I–II, n = 112, 90.3%) than in those with advanced stage (III–IV) disease (n = 12, 9.6%, p < 0.001). However, only histological subtype significantly predicted the presence of the GTF2I mutation in patients with TETs. The presence of the GTF2I mutation correlated with better prognosis (90.0% compared to 72.0% 5-year survival, and 86% compared to 56% 10-year survival, respectively; log-rank p = 0.001). Moreover, it was an independent prognostic factor [hazard ratio (HR), 0.35; 95% confidential interval (CI), 0.15–0.81; p = 0.014)]. Conclusions The frequency of the GTF2I mutation is higher in more indolent TETs, and correlates with better prognosis. Further studies are required to elucidate the role of the GTF2I mutation in TETs and its clinical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]