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Homework, or self-help, is an essential and required part of cognitive behavioral treatment. It offers several opportunities for the therapist to extend and increase therapy contact by having the patient "live" the therapy outside of the consulting room. It can also serve as a measure of the patient's motivation for therapy or for change. Homework offers the patient an opportunity to practice what has been developed and discussed in the therapy session. By trying out new behaviors, new ideas, or new emotional responses, the patient can make "real" what has been an abstraction in the therapeutic dialogue. The homework becomes an opportunity for gathering data. Inasmuch as the homework grows "organically" from the session content, it is relevant and timely. Homework provides continuity between sessions. Rather than sessions being discrete moments in time, they are chained together by the homework from the previous session being included in the agenda for the subsequent session. The homework can be structured to involve significant others. This is essential in many therapeutic situations, and having the significant others involved can substantially aid in relapse prevention. Finally, effective homework helps to build therapeutic collaboration and afford the patient the opportunity for building self-efficacy. Using several case examples, this paper describes the functions and impediments to using homework in CBT.

This article discusses the book collection of James Caulfeild (1728–1799), first earl of Charlemont in the Irish peerage, with particular reference to his holdings of early English drama and poetry. After the death of Charlemont's son the library was consigned to Sotheby's for anonymous sale in July 1865, but was in large part destroyed in the Sotheby warehouse fire of 19 June. The second part of the article explores the provenance of one surviving item, a volume of fifteen manuscript plays composed over four or five decades before 1644, now British Library, MS Egerton 1994. It is among the most interesting survivals known from the slender corpus of pre-Restoration English stage documents. Charlemont's principal London agent for early English books, the Shakespeare editor Edmond Malone (1741–1812), has long been viewed as the source of the volume. The history of this speculation is traced and disproved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generalizing therapeutic gains made during therapy sessions to patients' daily lives is the most fundamental goal of psychotherapy. Assigning between-session homework is an efficient method to teach new skills and to generalize those skills to the patient's natural environment. Given the persistent, chronic, and pervasive nature of the problems presented by the individual with a personality disorder, homework is not merely recommended but is an important and essential part of the therapeutic work. This article discusses modifying homework for personality-disordered patients in the context of a literature review and case examples from the various Personality Disorder Clusters. Also offered are a number of techniques to overcome patient 'resistance.' Keywords: homework; resistance; psychotherapy; personality disorder; collaboration; schema; beliefs

The poet Rainer Maria Rilke rejected Christianity, but expresses religious themes in his own terms in his poetry. Among his most explicitly religious works are the 'Visions of Christ,' 'Book of Hours,' 'Stories of the Dear God,' 'Duino Elegies' and 'Sonnets to Orpheus.' 'The Young Workman's Letter' outlines Rilke's criticism of Christianity. A selection of poems from the 'Book of Hours' is included for meditative reading.

Smart susceptors are being developed for use as tooling surfaces in molding machines that use apply electro-magnetic induction heating to mold and form plastics or metal powders into structural parts, e.g., on aerospace and automotive manufacturing lines. The optimal magnetic materials for the induction heating process should have large magnetization, high magnetic permeability, but also small thermal expansion coefficient. The Fe0.65Ni0.35 invar alloy with its negligible thermal expansion coefficient is thus a natural choice for this application. Here, we use density functional theory as implemented through the Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker method within the coherent-potential approximation, to design new alloys with the large magnetization desired for smart susceptor applications. We consider the Fe0.65-xNi0.35-yMx+y alloys derived from Fe0.65Ni0.35 invar adding a third element M=Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, or Co with concentration (x + y) reaching up to 5 at. %. We find that the total magnetization depends linearly on the concentration of M. Specifically, the early 3d transition metals from Sc to Cr decrease the magnetization with respect to that of the invar alloy whereas Mn and Co increase it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Personality disorders frequently are seen among depressed psychiatric inpatients. In a group of 73 depressed psychiatric outpatients, this study identified 85% whose response to the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI) suggested a personality disorder. On retest 12 weeks later, only 64% manifested a response style consistent with the DSM-III personality disorders. These findings are discussed in relation to methodology, characteristics of the MCMI, and the response style of the depressed patient, which may lead to an overidentification of personality disorders on a self-report measure. Related aspects of the diagnostic criteria for personality disorders also are discussed.

Experimental measurements of optical and electronic properties and local-density approximation (LDA) calculations on polycrystalline Ga3-xIn5+xSn2O16--the so-called "T-phase" in the Ga2O3-In2O3-SnO2 ternary system--have revealed it to be a good candidate for n-type transparent conducting oxide applications, particularly in the replacement of tin-doped indium oxide as a1 transparent electrode in organic photovoltaics. Room temperature conductivity of over 1000 S cm-1 was measured in polycrystalline bulk samples. Band structure calculations reveal a highly dispersed conduction band, corresponding to an electron effective mass of about 0.2me. Normalized carrier mobility and concentration trends indicate that conductivity changes in T-phase are attributable to changes in carrier concentration, with mobility remaining relatively constant through the range of processing conditions and sample composition. Screened exchange LDA calculations yield a fundamental band gap of about 2.60 eV. A relatively constant optical band gap in the range of 2.9-3.0 eV along the range of T-phase composition was measured by diffuse re?ectance of bulk samples, whereas ab-initio simulations predict a decreasing fundamental band gap with increasing In-to-Ga ratio. This is attributed to an increasing Burstein-Moss shift--corresponding to increasing free electron concentration--with increasing In-to-Ga ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a material to be a good p-type transparent conducting oxide (TCO), it must simultaneously satisfy several design principles regarding its bulk and defect phase thermochemistry, its optical absorption spectrum, and its electric transport properties. Recently, we predicted Ag3VO4 to be p-type but with low conductivity and an optical band gap not large enough for transparency. To improve on the transport and optical properties of Ag3VO4, we searched an extended material space including quaternary compounds based on Ag, V, O, and an additional atom for a new candidate p-type TCO. From this set of quaternary materials, we selected KAg11(VO4)4, a known oxide with a crystal structure related to that of Ag3VO4. Notably, one could expect a possible enhancement of the concentration of hole producing Ag-vacancy defects in KAg11(VO4)4 due to its different local geometries of Ag atoms (2- and 3-fold coordinated) with respect to the 4-fold coordinated Ag atoms in Ag3VO4. By performing first-principles calculations, we found that KAg11(VO4)4 is an intrinsic p-type conductor and can be synthesized under conditions similar to those predicted for the synthesis of Ag3VO4. However, we predict that the intrinsic hole content in KAg11(VO4)4 is similar to that in Ag3VO4 even though KAg11(VO4)4 contains 2- and 3-fold coordinated Ag, hole producing sites with a lower defect formation energy than the 4-fold coordinated one. Our calculation demonstrates that the advantage from lower coordination number of the Ag atom in KAg11(VO4)4 can be offset by the change in the range of Ag chemical potential in which synthesis is allowed due to the oxide phases that Ag forms with K and that energetically compete with KAg11(VO4)4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The model GW method [F. Gygi and A. Baldereschi, Phys. Rev. Lett. 62, 2160 (1989)] is an efficient simplification to the standard GW approximation which uses model dielectric function to describe the long range Coulomb interactions in semiconductors. In this work, the model GW method is used to calculate the quasiparticle band structures of MnO, FeO, CoO, and NiO. All four late transition metal monoxides are predicted to be insulators. The band gaps, magnetic moments, and quasiparticle spectra are in good agreement with the experiments, except for the satellite structures which are missing in the density of states because the model GW self-energy is static. The high accuracy of model GW is due to the usage of the accurate dielectric constants in the construction of the model dielectric functions which ensures the correct asymptotic behavior of the long range Coulomb interactions. Besides, we find that the transition metal 4s states are irrelevant to the formation of the band gaps, which supports the local approaches and the experimental interpretations of the band gaps by photoemission and electron energy loss spectroscopy, while contradicts the recent calculations by hybrid functionals, exact exchange, and one shot GW approximations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high-temperature electrical conductivity and thermopower of several compounds in the In2O3(ZnO)k system (k=3, 5, 7, and 9) were measured, and the band structures of the k=1, 2, and 3 structures were predicted based on first-principles calculations. These phases exhibit highly dispersed conduction bands consistent with transparent conducting oxide behavior. Jonker plots (Seebeck coefficient versus natural logarithm of conductivity) were used to obtain the product of the density of states and mobility for these phases, which were related to the maximum achievable power factor (thermopower squared times conductivity) for each phase by Ioffe analysis (maximum power factor versus Jonker plot intercept). With the exception of the k=9 phase, all other phases were found to have maximum predicted power factors comparable to other thermoelectric oxides if suitably doped. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improved conductivity has been achieved by controllable substitution of an ultraviolet electronic conductor. The transparent conducting oxide system, H-doped Ca12Al(14-x)SixO(33+x/2) with x=0-4, exhibits a conductivity strongly dependent on the substitution level. Four-point direct current conductivity increases with x from 0.15 to 0.61 S/cm at room temperature. The observed conductivity behavior is consistent with the predictions of our first principles density functional calculations for the Si-substituted system with x=0, 2, and 4. Furthermore, the Seebeck coefficient is composition dependent suggesting the existence of an activated mobility associated with small polaron conduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A tunable conductivity has been achieved by controllable substitution of an ultraviolet light activated electronic conductor. The transparent conducting oxide system H-doped Ca12-xMgxAl14O33 (x=0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.8, 1.0) presents a conductivity that is strongly dependent on the substitution level and temperature. Four-point dc-conductivity decreases with x from 0.26 S/cm (x=0d to 0.106 S/cm sx=1) at room temperature. At each composition the conductivity increases sreversibly with temperatured until a decomposition temperature is reached; above this value, the conductivity drops dramatically due to hydrogen recombination and loss. The observed conductivity behavior is consistent with the predictions of our first principles density functional calculations for the Mg-substituted system with x=0, 1, and 2. The Seebeck coefficient is essentially composition and temperature independent, the later suggesting the existence of an activated mobility associated with small polaron conduction. The optical gap measured remains constant near 2.6 eV while transparency increases with the substitution level, concomitant with a decrease in carrier content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Lewis acidic liquid EMIMBr-Al[Cl.sub.3] (EMIM = 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium) has provided a synthetic route to the semiconducting layered metal chalcogenides halide [[Bi.sub.2][Te.sub.2]Br](Al[Cl.sub.4]) and its Sb analogue. [[Bi.sub.2][Te.sub.2]Br](Al[Cl.sub.4]) is shown to be a direct band gap, strongly anisotropic semiconductor and has cationic infinite layers of [[[Bi.sub.2][Te.sub.2]Br].sup.+] and [[Al[Cl.sub.4].sup.-] anions inserted between the layers.

Identification and single-crystal x-ray diffraction studies of AAs[Se.sub.2] (where A = Li, Na) as a new class of polar direct-band gap semiconductors is described. The theoretical studies which confirmed with the experimental results indicated the [gamma]-NaAs[Se.sub.2] to have the highest static SHG coefficient of 337.9 pm/V, among materials with band gaps larger than 1.0 eV.