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8. Increase in colonic PRopionate as a method of prEVENTing weight gain over 12 months in adults aged 20–40 years (iPREVENT): a multi-centre, double-blind, randomised, parallel-group trial

Author

Pugh, Jennifer E., Petropoulou, Katerina, Vasconcelos, Joana C., Anjum, Aisha, Thom, George, McCombie, Louise, Tashkova, Martina, Alshehhi, Sumayya, Babalis, Daphne, Holroyd, Leah, Sadiq, Barzan A., Prechtl, Christina, Preston, Tom, Chambers, Edward, Lean, Mike J., Dhillo, Waljit, Prevost, A. Toby, Morrison, Douglas, and Frost, Gary

Published
2024
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16. Genetic analysis of blood molecular phenotypes reveals common properties in the regulatory networks affecting complex traits

Author

Brown, Andrew A., Fernandez-Tajes, Juan J., Hong, Mun-gwan, Brorsson, Caroline A., Koivula, Robert W., Davtian, David, Dupuis, Théo, Sartori, Ambra, Michalettou, Theodora-Dafni, Forgie, Ian M., Adam, Jonathan, Allin, Kristine H., Caiazzo, Robert, Cederberg, Henna, De Masi, Federico, Elders, Petra J. M., Giordano, Giuseppe N., Haid, Mark, Hansen, Torben, Hansen, Tue H., Hattersley, Andrew T., Heggie, Alison J., Howald, Cédric, Jones, Angus G., Kokkola, Tarja, Laakso, Markku, Mahajan, Anubha, Mari, Andrea, McDonald, Timothy J., McEvoy, Donna, Mourby, Miranda, Musholt, Petra B., Nilsson, Birgitte, Pattou, Francois, Penet, Deborah, Raverdy, Violeta, Ridderstråle, Martin, Romano, Luciana, Rutters, Femke, Sharma, Sapna, Teare, Harriet, ‘t Hart, Leen, Tsirigos, Konstantinos D., Vangipurapu, Jagadish, Vestergaard, Henrik, Brunak, Søren, Franks, Paul W., Frost, Gary, Grallert, Harald, Jablonka, Bernd, McCarthy, Mark I., Pavo, Imre, Pedersen, Oluf, Ruetten, Hartmut, Walker, Mark, Adamski, Jerzy, Schwenk, Jochen M., Pearson, Ewan R., Dermitzakis, Emmanouil T., and Viñuela, Ana

Published
2023
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17. Discovery of drug–omics associations in type 2 diabetes with generative deep-learning models

Author

Allesøe, Rosa Lundbye, Lundgaard, Agnete Troen, Hernández Medina, Ricardo, Aguayo-Orozco, Alejandro, Johansen, Joachim, Nissen, Jakob Nybo, Brorsson, Caroline, Mazzoni, Gianluca, Niu, Lili, Biel, Jorge Hernansanz, Leal Rodríguez, Cristina, Brasas, Valentas, Webel, Henry, Benros, Michael Eriksen, Pedersen, Anders Gorm, Chmura, Piotr Jaroslaw, Jacobsen, Ulrik Plesner, Mari, Andrea, Koivula, Robert, Mahajan, Anubha, Vinuela, Ana, Tajes, Juan Fernandez, Sharma, Sapna, Haid, Mark, Hong, Mun-Gwan, Musholt, Petra B., De Masi, Federico, Vogt, Josef, Pedersen, Helle Krogh, Gudmundsdottir, Valborg, Jones, Angus, Kennedy, Gwen, Bell, Jimmy, Thomas, E. Louise, Frost, Gary, Thomsen, Henrik, Hansen, Elizaveta, Hansen, Tue Haldor, Vestergaard, Henrik, Muilwijk, Mirthe, Blom, Marieke T., ‘t Hart, Leen M., Pattou, Francois, Raverdy, Violeta, Brage, Soren, Kokkola, Tarja, Heggie, Alison, McEvoy, Donna, Mourby, Miranda, Kaye, Jane, Hattersley, Andrew, McDonald, Timothy, Ridderstråle, Martin, Walker, Mark, Forgie, Ian, Giordano, Giuseppe N., Pavo, Imre, Ruetten, Hartmut, Pedersen, Oluf, Hansen, Torben, Dermitzakis, Emmanouil, Franks, Paul W., Schwenk, Jochen M., Adamski, Jerzy, McCarthy, Mark I., Pearson, Ewan, Banasik, Karina, Rasmussen, Simon, and Brunak, Søren

Published
2023
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25. Whole blood versus red cell concentrates for children with severe anaemia: a secondary analysis of the Transfusion and Treatment of African Children (TRACT) trial

Author

Maitland, Kathryn, Walker, Sarah A, George, Elizabeth C, Williams, Thomas N, Gibb, Diana M, Mpoya, Ayub, Frost, Gary, Walsh, Kevin, Olupot-Olupot, Peter, Nteziyaremye, Julius, Namayanja, Cate, Ssenyondo, Tonny, Passi, George, Muhindo, Rita, Masifa, George, Adong, Ruth, Okalebo, Charles B, Atimango, Emmanuela, Thembo, Nobert, Odong, George, Kiluli, Godfrey, Kapsindet, Job, Kiguli, Sarah, Opoka, Robert O, Kayaga, Julianne, Nabawanuka, Eva, Kadama, Eva, Mukisa, Cynthia Williams, Engoru, Charles, Alaroker, Florence, Nakuya, Margaret, Amorut, Denis, Olupot, Moses, Onyas, Pius, Ariimi, Margaret, Itipe, Melda, Atim, Mary G, Abeno, Mary, Okwi, Steven, Kulume, Mary G, Among, Grace, Achipa, Dorreen E, Uyoga, Sophie, Macharia, Alex, Mellewa, Machpherson, Chagaluka, George, Kennedy, Neil, Kumwenda, Felistas, Sochera, Tiferanji Fatch, Malenga, Albert, Chimalizeni, Yamikani FG, Gushu, Benard, Phiri, Tusekile, Chesale, Amisa, Mitole, Ndaona, Chokani, Ellida, Munthali, Annie, Hensbroek, Michael Boele von, South, Annabelle, Thomason, Margaret J, Baptiste, David, Connon, Roisin, MacCabe, Leanne, Ali, Abdul, Khamis, Kibibi, Madoola, Macreen, Abongo, Grace, Bates, Imelda, Urban, Britta, Heydermann, Robert, Kyomuhendo, Flavia, Nakalanzi, Sarah, Chabuka, John, Mkandawire, Nkhafwire, Fitzgerald, Felicity, Evans, Jennifer A, Molyneux, Elizabeth, Lubega, Irene, Crawley, Jane, Kazembe, Peter, Murphy, Mike, Peto, Tim, Todd, Jim, Mirembe, Grace, Musoka, Philipa, Tenu, Filemoni, M'baya, Bridon, Kyeyune Byabazair, Dorothy, Mbanya, Dora, and Walker, A Sarah

Published
2022
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28. The iHealth-T2D study: a cluster randomised trial for the prevention of type 2 diabetes amongst South Asians with central obesity and prediabetes—a statistical analysis plan

Author

Muilwijk, Mirthe, Loh, Marie, Mahmood, Sara, Palaniswamy, Saranya, Siddiqui, Samreen, Silva, Wnurinham, Frost, Gary S., Gage, Heather M., Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Rannan-Eliya, Ravindra P., Ahmad, Sajjad, Jha, Sujeet, Kasturiratne, Anuradhani, Katulanda, Prasad, Khawaja, Khadija I., Kooner, Jaspal S., Wickremasinghe, Ananda R., van Valkengoed, Irene G. M., and Chambers, John C.

Published
2022
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33. Systems Approach to Investigate the Role of Fruit and Vegetable Types on Vascular Function in Pre-Hypertensive Participants: Protocol and Baseline Characteristics of a Randomised Crossover Dietary Intervention.

Author

Oude Griep, Linda M., Frost, Gary, Holmes, Elaine, Wareham, Nicholas J., and Elliott, Paul

Abstract

The evidence on the impact of fruits and vegetable types on cardiovascular risk factors remains limited. Specifically, the utilisation of biomarkers to objectively measure dietary compliance and metabolic responses is emerging. This protocol and baseline characteristics of a pilot randomised controlled, crossover, dietary intervention study aimed to examine the effects of citrus fruits, cruciferous vegetables, or common fruits and vegetables on cardiovascular risk factors. A total of 39 volunteers with untreated prehypertension was recruited and consumed a standardised, provided diet with eight daily portions of citrus fruits and cruciferous vegetables, common fruits and vegetables, or a low fruit and vegetable diet (two portions/d, control diet) in a random order for 2 weeks each, separated by a wash-out week. A targeted cohort-based recruitment strategy was utilised and resulted in 74% of participants recruited by re-contacting preselected individuals from two cohort studies with a 15% average enrolment rate. Participants had an average age of 54.4 years (±6.1 years), BMI of 27.9 kg/m2, and BP of 135/81 mmHg and were mainly male (67%). The primary outcome was office blood pressure; secondary outcomes included arterial stiffness, lipid profiles, inflammation, cognitive function, and subjective mood. Biofluids, i.e., 24 h urine, stool, and blood samples, were collected for biomarker measurements with multiple metabolomic platforms and the gut microbial composition, together with traditional dietary biomarkers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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34. Legume-supplemented feed for children hospitalised with severe malnutrition: a phase II trial.

Author

Walsh, Kevin, Kiosa, Akglinta, Olupot-Olupot, Peter, Alaroker, Florence, Okiror, William, Nakuya, Margaret, Tssenyondo, Tonny, Aromut, Denis, Okalebo, Bernard Charles, Muhindo, Rita, Mpoya, Ayub, George, Elizabeth C., Frost, Gary S., and Maitland, Kathryn

Subjects
ARM circumference, DIARRHEA, MALNUTRITION, RESEARCH funding, GUT microbiome, STATISTICAL sampling, RANDOMIZED controlled trials, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, ODDS ratio, DRUG efficacy, DIETARY carbohydrates, CONFIDENCE intervals, LEGUMES, DIETARY supplements, HOSPITAL care of children, CHILDREN
Abstract

Children hospitalised with severe malnutrition have high mortality and readmission rates post-discharge. Current milk-based formulations target restoring ponderal growth but not the modification of gut barrier integrity or microbiome which increases the risk of gram-negative sepsis and poor outcomes. We propose that legume-based feeds rich in fermentable carbohydrates will promote better gut health and improve overall outcomes. We conducted an open-label phase II trial at Mbale and Soroti Regional Referral Hospitals, Uganda, involving 160 children aged 6 months to 5 years with severe malnutrition (mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) < 11·5 cm and/or nutritional oedema). Children were randomised to a lactose-free, chickpea-enriched legume paste feed (LF) (n 80) v. WHO standard F75/F100 feeds (n 80). Co-primary outcomes were change in MUAC and mortality to day 90. Secondary outcomes included weight gain (> 5 g/kg/d), de novo development of diarrhoea, time to diarrhoea and oedema resolution. Day 90 MUAC increase was marginally lower in LF v. WHO arm (1·1 cm (interquartile range (IQR) 1·1) v. 1·4 cm (IQR 1·40), P = 0·09); day 90 mortality was similar (11/80 (13·8 %) v. 12/80 (15 %), respectively, OR 0·91 (95 % CI 0·40, 2·07), P = 0·83). There were no differences in any of the other secondary outcomes. Owing to initial poor palatability of the LF, ten children switched to WHO feeds. Per-protocol analysis indicated a trend to lower day 90 mortality and readmission rates in the LF (6/60 (10 %) and 2/60(3 %)) v. WHO feeds (12/71(17·5 %) and 4/71(6 %)). Further refinement of LF and clinical trials are warranted, given the poor outcomes in children with severe malnutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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37. Longitudinal Multi-omics Reveals Subset-Specific Mechanisms Underlying Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Author

Mars, Ruben A.T., Yang, Yi, Ward, Tonya, Houtti, Mo, Priya, Sambhawa, Lekatz, Heather R., Tang, Xiaojia, Sun, Zhifu, Kalari, Krishna R., Korem, Tal, Bhattarai, Yogesh, Zheng, Tenghao, Bar, Noam, Frost, Gary, Johnson, Abigail J., van Treuren, Will, Han, Shuo, Ordog, Tamas, Grover, Madhusudan, Sonnenburg, Justin, D’Amato, Mauro, Camilleri, Michael, Elinav, Eran, Segal, Eran, Blekhman, Ran, Farrugia, Gianrico, Swann, Jonathan R., Knights, Dan, and Kashyap, Purna C.

Published
2020
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38. Dietary metabolite profiling brings new insight into the relationship between nutrition and metabolic risk: An IMI DIRECT study

Author

Eriksen, Rebeca, Perez, Isabel Garcia, Posma, Joram M., Haid, Mark, Sharma, Sapna, Prehn, Cornelia, Thomas, Louise E., Koivula, Robert W., Bizzotto, Roberto, Mari, Andrea, Giordano, Giuseppe N., Pavo, Imre, Schwenk, Jochen M., De Masi, Federico, Tsirigos, Konstantinos D., Brunak, Søren, Viñuela, Ana, Mahajan, Anubha, McDonald, Timothy J., Kokkola, Tarja, Rutter, Femke, Teare, Harriet, Hansen, Tue H., Fernandez, Juan, Jones, Angus, Jennison, Chris, Walker, Mark, McCarthy, Mark I., Pedersen, Oluf, Ruetten, Hartmut, Forgie, Ian, Bell, Jimmy D., Pearson, Ewan R., Franks, Paul W., Adamski, Jerzy, Holmes, Elaine, and Frost, Gary

Published
2020
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41. A natural mutation in Pisum sativum L. (pea) alters starch assembly and improves glucose homeostasis in humans

Author

Petropoulou, Katerina, Salt, Louise J., Edwards, Cathrina H., Warren, Frederick J., Garcia-Perez, Isabel, Chambers, Edward S., Alshaalan, Rasha, Khatib, Mai, Perez-Moral, Natalia, Cross, Kathryn L., Kellingray, Lee, Stanley, Rachael, Koev, Todor, Khimyak, Yaroslav Z., Narbad, Arjan, Penney, Nicholas, Serrano-Contreras, Jose Ivan, Charalambides, Maria N., Miguens Blanco, Jesus, Castro Seoane, Rocio, McDonald, Julie A. K., Marchesi, Julian R., Holmes, Elaine, Godsland, Ian F., Morrison, Douglas J., Preston, Tom, Domoney, Claire, Wilde, Peter J., and Frost, Gary S.

Published
2020
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45. The iHealth-T2D study, prevention of type 2 diabetes amongst South Asians with central obesity and prediabetes: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

Author

Kasturiratne, Anuradhani, Khawaja, Khadija I., Ahmad, Sajjad, Siddiqui, Samreen, Shahzad, Khurram, Athauda, Lathika K., Jayawardena, Ranil, Mahmood, Sara, Muilwijk, Mirthe, Batool, Tayyaba, Burney, Saira, Glover, Matthew, Palaniswamy, Saranya, Bamunuarachchi, Vodathi, Panda, Manju, Madawanarachchi, Suren, Rai, Baldeesh, Sattar, Iqra, Silva, Wnurinham, Waghdhare, Swati, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Rannan-Eliya, Ravindra P., Gage, Heather M., van Valkengoed, Irene G. M., Valabhji, Jonathan, Frost, Gary S., Loh, Marie, Wickremasinghe, Ananda R., Kooner, Jaspal S., Katulanda, Prasad, Jha, Sujeet, and Chambers, John C.

Published
2021
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46. Co-trimoxazole or multivitamin multimineral supplement for post-discharge outcomes after severe anaemia in African children: a randomised controlled trial

Author

Maitland, Kathryn, Olupot-Olupot, Peter, Kiguli, Sarah, Chagaluka, George, Alaroker, Florence, Opoka, Robert O, Mpoya, Ayub, Walsh, Kevin, Engoru, Charles, Nteziyaremye, Julius, Mallewa, Machpherson, Kennedy, Neil, Nakuya, Margaret, Namayanja, Cate, Kayaga, Julianne, Nabawanuka, Eva, Sennyondo, Tonny, Aromut, Denis, Kumwenda, Felistas, Musika, Cynthia Williams, Thomason, Margaret J, Bates, Imelda, von Hensbroek, Michael Boele, Evans, Jennifer A, Uyoga, Sophie, Williams, Thomas N, Frost, Gary, George, Elizabeth C, Gibb, Diana M, and Walker, A Sarah

Published
2019
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48. Genetic studies of abdominal MRI data identify genes regulating hepcidin as major determinants of liver iron concentration

Author

Jennison, Christopher, Ehrhardt, Beate, Baum, Patrick, Schoelsch, Corinna, Freijer, Jan, Grempler, Rolf, Graefe-Mody, Ulrike, Hennige, Anita, Dings, Christiane, Lehr, Thorsten, Scherer, Nina, Sihinecich, Iryna, Pattou, Francois, Raverdi, Violeta, Caiazzo, Robert, Torres, Fanelly, Verkindt, Helene, Mari, Andrea, Tura, Andrea, Giorgino, Toni, Bizzotto, Roberto, Froguel, Philippe, Bonneford, Amelie, Canouil, Mickael, Dhennin, Veronique, Brorsson, Caroline, Brunak, Soren, De Masi, Federico, Gudmundsdóttir, Valborg, Pedersen, Helle, Banasik, Karina, Thomas, Cecilia, Sackett, Peter, Staerfeldt, Hans-Henrik, Lundgaard, Agnete, Nilsson, Birgitte, Nielsen, Agnes, Mazzoni, Gianluca, Karaderi, Tugce, Rasmussen, Simon, Johansen, Joachim, Allesøe, Rosa, Fritsche, Andreas, Thorand, Barbara, Adamski, Jurek, Grallert, Harald, Haid, Mark, Sharma, Sapna, Troll, Martina, Adam, Jonathan, Ferrer, Jorge, Eriksen, Heather, Frost, Gary, Haussler, Ragna, Hong, Mun-gwan, Schwenk, Jochen, Uhlen, Mathias, Nicolay, Claudia, Pavo, Imre, Steckel-Hamann, Birgit, Thomas, Melissa, Adragni, Kofi, Wu, Han, Hart, Leen't, Roderick, Slieker, van Leeuwen, Nienke, Dekkers, Koen, Frau, Francesca, Gassenhuber, Johann, Jablonka, Bernd, Musholt, Petra, Ruetten, Hartmut, Tillner, Joachim, Baltauss, Tania, Bernard Poenaru, Oana, de Preville, Nathalie, Rodriquez, Marianne, Arumugam, Manimozhiyan, Allin, Kristine, Engelbrechtsen, Line, Hansen, Torben, Hansen, Tue, Forman, Annemette, Jonsson, Anna, Pedersen, Oluf, Dutta, Avirup, Vogt, Josef, Vestergaard, Henrik, Laakso, Markku, Kokkola, Tarja, Kuulasmaa, Teemu, Franks, Paul, Giordano, Nick, Pomares-Millan, Hugo, Fitipaldi, Hugo, Mutie, Pascal, Klintenberg, Maria, Bergstrom, Margit, Groop, Leif, Ridderstrale, Martin, Atabaki Pasdar, Naeimeh, Deshmukh, Harshal, Heggie, Alison, Wake, Dianne, McEvoy, Donna, McVittie, Ian, Walker, Mark, Hattersley, Andrew, Hill, Anita, Jones, Angus, McDonald, Timothy, Perry, Mandy, Nice, Rachel, Hudson, Michelle, Thorne, Claire, Dermitzakis, Emmanouil, Viñuela, Ana, Cabrelli, Louise, Loftus, Heather, Dawed, Adem, Donnelly, Louise, Forgie, Ian, Pearson, Ewan, Palmer, Colin, Brown, Andrew, Koivula, Robert, Wesolowska-Andersen, Agata, Abdalla, Moustafa, McRobert, Nicky, Fernandez, Juan, Jiao, Yunlong, Robertson, Neil, Gough, Stephen, Kaye, Jane, Mourby, Miranda, Mahajan, Anubha, McCarthy, Mark, Shah, Nisha, Teare, Harriet, Holl, Reinhard, Koopman, Anitra, Rutters, Femke, Beulens, Joline, Groeneveld, Lenka, Bell, Jimmy, Thomas, Louise, Whitcher, Brandon, Wilman, Henry R., Parisinos, Constantinos A., Atabaki-Pasdar, Naeimeh, Kelly, Matt, Thomas, E. Louise, Neubauer, Stefan, Hingorani, Aroon D., Patel, Riyaz S., Hemingway, Harry, Franks, Paul W., Bell, Jimmy D., Banerjee, Rajarshi, and Yaghootkar, Hanieh

Published
2019
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49. The double burden of malnutrition in individuals: Identifying key challenges and re‐thinking research focus.

Author

Kiosia, Agklinta, Dagbasi, Aygul, Berkley, James A., Wilding, John P. H., Prendergast, Andrew J., Li, Jia V., Swann, Jon, Mathers, John C., Kerac, Marko, Morrison, Douglas, Drake, Lesley, Briend, Andre, Maitland, Kathryn, and Frost, Gary

Subjects
POLICY sciences, MIDDLE-income countries, MALNUTRITION, SOCIAL determinants of health, SOCIOECONOMIC factors, GUT microbiome, DIETARY fiber, FOOD habits, PUBLIC health, FOOD supply, METABOLOMICS, OBESITY, DIET, LOW-income countries, NUTRITION, BIOMARKERS, DIET therapy, DISEASE risk factors
Abstract

The 'double burden of malnutrition' is a global health challenge that increasingly affects populations in both low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). This phenomenon refers to the coexistence of undernutrition and overweight or obesity, as well as other diet‐related non‐communicable diseases, in the same population, household or even individual. While noteworthy progress has been made in reducing undernutrition in some parts of the world, in many of these areas, the prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing, particularly in urban areas, resulting in greater numbers of people who were undernourished in childhood and have overweight or obesity in adulthood. This creates a complex and challenging situation for research experts and policymakers who must simultaneously address the public health burdens of undernutrition and overweight/obesity. This review identifies key challenges and limitations in the current research on the double burden of malnutrition in individuals, including the need for a more comprehensive and nuanced understanding of the drivers of malnutrition, the importance of context‐specific interventions and the need for greater attention to the food environment and food systems. We advocate for the re‐evaluation of research strategies and focus, with a greater emphasis on multidisciplinary and systems approaches and greater attention to the synergistic relationship between the biological, environmental, commercial and socio‐economic determinants of malnutrition. Addressing these key challenges can enable us to better comprehend and tackle the multifaceted and dynamic issues of the double burden of malnutrition, particularly in individuals and work towards more effective and sustainable solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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50. Food environment and diabetes mellitus in South Asia: A geospatial analysis of health outcome data

Author

Kusuma, Dian, Atanasova, Petya, Pineda, Elisa, Anjana, Ranjit Mohan, De Silva, Laksara, Hanif, Abu AM, Hasan, Mehedi, Hossain, Md. Mokbul, Indrawansa, Susantha, Jayamanne, Deepal, Jha, Sujeet, Kasturiratne, Anuradhani, Katulanda, Prasad, Khawaja, Khadija I, Kumarendran, Balachandran, Mridha, Malay K, Rajakaruna, Vindya, Chambers, John C, Frost, Gary, Sassi, Franco, and Miraldo, Marisa

Subjects
Obesity -- Complications and side effects, Developing countries -- Health aspects, Type 2 diabetes -- Risk factors -- Prevention -- Demographic aspects, Food habits -- Health aspects, Fast food restaurants -- Health aspects, Biological sciences
Abstract

Background The global epidemic of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) renders its prevention a major public health priority. A key risk factor of diabetes is obesity and poor diets. Food environments have been found to influence people's diets and obesity, positing they may play a role in the prevalence of diabetes. Yet, there is scant evidence on the role they may play in the context of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We examined the associations of food environments on T2DM among adults and its heterogeneity by income and sex. Methods and findings We linked individual health outcome data of 12,167 individuals from a network of health surveillance sites (the South Asia Biobank) to the density and proximity of food outlets geolocated around their homes from environment mapping survey data collected between 2018 and 2020 in Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. Density was defined as share of food outlets within 300 m from study participant's home, and proximity was defined as having at least 1 outlet within 100 m from home. The outcome variables include fasting blood glucose level, high blood glucose, and self-reported diagnosed diabetes. Control variables included demographics, socioeconomic status (SES), health status, healthcare utilization, and physical activities. Data were analyzed in ArcMap 10.3 and STATA 15.1. A higher share of fast-food restaurants (FFR) was associated with a 9.21 mg/dl blood glucose increase (95% CI: 0.17, 18.24; p < 0.05). Having at least 1 FFR in the proximity was associated with 2.14 mg/dl blood glucose increase (CI: 0.55, 3.72; p < 0.01). A 1% increase in the share of FFR near an individual's home was associated with 8% increase in the probability of being clinically diagnosed as a diabetic (average marginal effects (AMEs): 0.08; CI: 0.02, 0.14; p < 0.05). Having at least 1 FFR near home was associated with 16% (odds ratio [OR]: 1.16; CI: 1.01, 1.33; p < 0.05) and 19% (OR: 1.19; CI: 1.03, 1.38; p < 0.05) increases in the odds of higher blood glucose levels and diagnosed diabetes, respectively. The positive association between FFR density and blood glucose level was stronger among women than men, but the association between FFR proximity and blood glucose level was stronger among men as well as among those with higher incomes. One of the study's key limitations is that we measured exposure to food environments around residency geolocation; however, participants may source their meals elsewhere. Conclusions Our results suggest that the exposure to fast-food outlets may have a detrimental impact on the risk of T2DM, especially among females and higher-income earners. Policies should target changes in the food environments to promote better diets and prevent T2DM., Author(s): Dian Kusuma 1, Petya Atanasova 1, Elisa Pineda 1,2, Ranjit Mohan Anjana 3, Laksara De Silva 4, Abu AM Hanif 5, Mehedi Hasan 5, Md. Mokbul Hossain 5, Susantha [...]

Published
2022
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