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CoVID-19 can develop into Post-COVID syndrome of potentially high morbidity, with procoagulation and reactivation of dormant viral infections being hypothesized pathophysiological mechanisms. We report on a patient suffering from fatigue, post exertional malaise, pain and neurological symptoms as a consequence of the second CoVID infection. Using live confocal microscopy on native whole blood samples we detected microaggregates of thrombocytes, leukocytes and plasma proteins in peripheral blood. In addition, there was specific cellular immunological reactivity to EBV. Upon anticoagulatory and virustatic pharmacological therapy we observed dissolution of microaggregates and significant stable clinical remission. We suggest to consider circulating microaggregates as a morphological indicator of chronic post-COVID syndrome.

The Atmospheric River Tracking Method Intercomparison Project (ARTMIP) is an international collaborative effort to understand and quantify the uncertainties in atmospheric river (AR) science based on detection algorithm alone. Currently, there are many AR identification and tracking algorithms in the literature with a wide range of techniques and conclusions. ARTMIP strives to provide the community with information on different methodologies and provide guidance on the most appropriate algorithm for a given science question or region of interest. All ARTMIP participants will implement their detection algorithms on a specified common dataset for a defined period of time. The project is divided into two phases: Tier 1 will utilize the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2) reanalysis from January 1980 to June 2017 and will be used as a baseline for all subsequent comparisons. Participation in Tier 1 is required. Tier 2 will be optional and include sensitivity studies designed around specific science questions, such as reanalysis uncertainty and climate change. High-resolution reanalysis and/or model output will be used wherever possible. Proposed metrics include AR frequency, duration, intensity, and precipitation attributable to ARs. Here, we present the ARTMIP experimental design, timeline, project requirements, and a brief description of the variety of methodologies in the current literature. We also present results from our 1-month proof-of-concept trial run designed to illustrate the utility and feasibility of the ARTMIP project.

A method to determine low density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake of distinct lymphocyte subpopulations was developed using fluorescent LDL and subsequent staining of lymphocyte subsets with biotinylated monoclonal antibodies plus streptavidin-CyChrome. LDL uptake was detected on a single cell level and semiquantified by FACS analysis. This method allows comparison of defined lymphocyte subsets from different individuals and excludes the falsifying influence of individual differences in subset distribution, which may occur in studies on total peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). Investigation of total PBL and lymphocyte subsets of 20 healthy volunteers (8 male, 12 female) showed the following. i) Different lymphocyte subsets exhibited highly significant differences in LDL uptake, with NK cells (CD16) showing a higher uptake than T (CD3) and B cells (CD19); CD8-positive cells exhibited higher values than CD4-positive cells. ii) These differences are due to specific, LDL-receptor (LDL-R)-mediated LDL uptake. iii) Inter-individual differences in LDL uptake are reflected on all lymphocyte subsets.