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Objetivo: Las células madre mesenquimales (MSCs) son atractivas en la terapia regenerativa de patologías humanas. En los modelos murinos, en los que se trasplantan MSCs humanas, es muy importante poder distinguir el origen de las MSCs identificadas en los órganos de ratones. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el rendimiento del análisis basado en PCR de secuencias Alu humanas para detectar ADN humano después de la infusión de células madre de médula ósea humana (hBMSCs) en ratones inmunodeficientes. Material y método: Las hBMSCs se obtuvieron de la cabeza femoral de pacientes sometidos a cirugía de reemplazo de cadera. Se infundieron 106 hBMSCs por vía intravenosa mediante inyección en el seno retro-orbitario de ratones NOD/SCID. Después se evaluó la presencia de ADN humano en pulmón, hígado y hueso. Resultados: En mezclas de ADN in vitro, el ADN humano se detectó fácilmente con una buena relación logarítmica-lineal. De manera similar, cuando se mezclaron osteoblastos humanos y de ratón, se detectaron fácilmente 1-10 células humanas entre 105 células de ratón. Asimismo, se detectó el ADN humano en los pulmones 1 y 7 días después de las infusiones celulares en ratones NOD/SCID. Sin embargo, el ADN humano se detectó de manera inconsistente en el hígado y los huesos. Conclusión: La detección de secuencias Alu es un procedimiento eficaz para detectar ADN humano. Los resultados confirman que la mayoría de las hBMSCs inyectadas por vía intravenosa quedan atrapadas en los pulmones. Por lo tanto, de cara al tratamiento de trastornos esqueléticos, se necesitan procedimientos para aumentar la migración de dichas células al hueso.

Objetivos: Los mecanismos epigenéticos, y en particular la metilación de las citosinas en las regiones promotoras, modulan la expresión de muchos genes. Sin embargo, su papel en la homeostasis esquelética apenas ha sido estudiado. En particular, se desconoce si los patrones de metilación de las células óseas en cultivo son un buen reflejo de lo que ocurre en el tejido óseo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue explorar las posibles diferencias en la metilación de citosinas en muestras de hueso humano y en osteoblastos. Material y métodos: Para ello efectuamos un estudio de todo el genoma analizando el grado de metilación de 23.667 loci y comparamos los resultados en muestras de tejido óseo y en cultivos de osteoblastos primarios. Resultados: Globalmente observamos una buena correlación entre ambos tipos de muestras, tanto en el conjunto de loci (r2=0,87; p

Copyright of Revista Iberoamericana de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte is the property of Revista Iberoamericana de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cirugía Pediátrica (English Edition) is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Cirurgia Pediatrica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Entre Ciencia e Ingeniería is the property of Entre Ciencia e Ingenieria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction of bioelectric with bagasse as fuel could solve one of the most important problems at present: atmospheric pollution. This work estimates SO2, NOx and PM emitted by steam boilers from sugar mills in the province of Santiago de Cuba using emission factors as a precedent for the future evaluation of bioelectrics. As a result, lower emission levels were obtained than thermoelectric but several orders higher than those of conventional steam boilers that use hydrocarbons as fuel. Verification of the emissions with the Maximum Permissible Emissions of the NC/TS 803: 2010, for the category of Existing Sources verified that for the MP and the NOx, all the chimneys exceed the fixed values. Nevertheless, for the SO2 none of the emissions exceeds the legal maximum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of spirulina supplementation on oxidative stress, immunity, and productive performance during the transition period by grazing dairy cattle. Thirty multiparous gestating cows with an initial body weight (BW = 544 ± 57 kg) were enrolled in this experiment and were stratified by expected calving date. Cows were randomly assigned to one of the three experimental groups: (1) control, no supplementation of spirulina; (2) spirulina-15 (15 g/day of spirulina); and (3) spirulina-30 (30 g/day of spirulina). Body weight and body condition score (BCS) were recorded and blood samples were collected at − 21, 1, and 14 days, relative to calving. The day of parturition, colostrum and blood samples from calves were collected to measure IgG concentrations. After parturition milk yield, milk components and somatic cell count were monitored. Body weight, BW loss, BCS, and total antioxidant capacity were not affected by spirulina supplementation (P > 0.23) at any time point measured. Milk yield, milk components, and somatic cell count were not altered by treatment (P > 0.13). Results from this experiment suggest neither positive nor negative effects of spirulina supplementation on oxidative stress and productive performance during the transition period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Profilicollis rancoensis n. sp. is the tenth species of Profilicollis Meyer, 1931 which includes 9 other species mostly known from marine decapod crabs and shore birds. Cystacanths of P. rancoensis are described from the dominant freshwater crab Aegla abtao in Ranco Lake, Chile and are morphologically distinguished from cystacanths of the 9 other species based on a combination of 4 characters. These are body size, number of proboscis hook rows, number of hooks per row, and length of the largest anterior 2–4 hooks. Male and female cystacanths of P. rancoensis are 2.10–3.33 mm long having an ovoid proboscis with 14 rows of 6–7 hooks per row, with the largest anterior 2–4 hooks being 105–110 micrometers long; the anterior trunk has many small spines in 70–80 concentric rings, each with 50–60 spines around them; hook roots are simple, directed posteriorly, about as long as the blades anteriorly with unremarkable anterior manubria; the cephalic ganglion are in mid-receptacle just anterior to the level of the anterior trunk; the lemnisci are long and slender; the testes are in the anterior trunk, posterior trunk, or one in each; the primordia of 2 tubular cement glands are evident; strong bundles of fibers link the anterior and posterior trunk; and the posterior trunk has a corrugated surface cuticula. Molecular analysis (COI and 18S) sequences coincided with the morphology and support its taxonomy. The phylogenetic profile revealed that P. rancoensis n. sp. fell into the Profilicollis clade. Both sequences showed low genetic variation, and three different haplotypes were found. The new species was more closely related to P. botulus (Van Cleave, 1916) Witenberg, 1932 than to other Profilicollis species.

Aim: The effects of gender on the association between apolipoprotein E genotype and plasma lipid levels remain unclear in children. The aim of the present work was to evaluate these gender differences in a large population-based sample of 6-7-y-old children, free of the effects of sex hormones.Methods: Lipid levels and apo E genotypes were studied in a sample of 1255 (631 M, 624 F) Caucasian schoolchildren, aged 6-7 (mean age, 6.7) y in Spain.Results: A significant effect of the apo E genotype on plasma total cholesterol, LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and apo B levels was observed. Taking the homozygous epsilon3epsilon3 genotype as reference, the presence of the epsilon2 and epsilon4 alleles is associated with substantially lower and higher plasma levels, respectively, of these variables. It was found that the effect of the apo E polymorphism on total cholesterol, LDL-C and particularly on apo B levels was greater in girls than in boys.Conclusion: At this prepubertal age, the influence of the apo E genotype on total cholesterol, LDL-C and apo B levels is more evident in girls than in boys. This difference in effect is not due to sex hormones. In our opinion, the earlier increase in adrenal androgens in girls than in boys at this age related to pubertal maturation could be responsible for these differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Leptin, an adipokine elevated in obesity, may be related to an adverse cardiovascular risk profile in childhood. However, evidence for this relationship in pre-pubertal children is scarce. We aimed to analyze the relationship between leptin levels and lipid and insulin profiles in Spanish children.Methods and Results: Our population-based sample included 389 males and 369 females aged 6-8 years. Lipid levels were determined by standard methods, insulin by radioimmunoassay and leptin by sandwich ELISA. Leptin levels were higher in girls (8.6 ng/ml) than boys (4.7 ng/ml) (p < 0.001). Leptin increased from ages 6 to 8 in girls, but remained steady in boys. In both sexes, leptin increased significantly (p < 0.001) across weight category from normal weight to obese. Children in the highest tertile of leptin concentration showed significantly (p < 0.01) lower levels of HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and apolipoprotein-AI (apo-AI) and significantly higher triglyceride (TG) levels than children in lower tertiles. However, in linear regression analysis, after adjustment for body mass index (BMI), leptin only accounted for 1.5% of the variance of HDL-C in boys, and 2.6% of the variance of apo-AI in girls. Leptin was strongly and positively correlated with insulin and HOMA. Upon regression analysis, leptin contributed to over 20% of the variability in insulin and HOMA, independent of BMI.Conclusion: Leptin levels show sex differences in pre-pubertal children. In this age group, leptin levels are strongly related to insulin, and affect lipid profile -namely HDL-C, apo-AI and TG- particularly when leptin levels are high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Epigenetic mechanisms, and in particular cytosine methylation in the promoter regions, modulate the expression of many genes. However, their role in skeletal homeostasis has scarcely been studied. In particular, it is not known if the patterns of methylation of bone cells in culture are a good reflection of that which occurrs in bone tissues. The aim of this work was to explore the possible differences in cytosine methylation in human bone and in osteoblasts. Material and methods: To achieve this we carried out a genome-wide study, analysing the degree of methylation of 23,667 loci and comparing the results in samples of bone tissue and in cultures of primary osteoblasts. Results: Overall, we observed a good correlation between the two sample types, both in the whole group of loci (r2=0,87; p<10-50), and in those located in genes involved in bone metabolism. However, some of the loci (7-8%) deviated from this general tendency and showed differences in methylation greater than 20%. Conclusions: These results indicate that the methylation data obtained in cultures are not necessarily a true reflection of that which occurs in tissues, which means that care should be taken when extrapolating such results to an in vivo situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To assess tracking of lipid and apolipoproteins from the prepubertal age (baseline, 6-8 years old) to adolescence (follow-up, 13-16 years old) in Spanish children. Methods The sample population included 385 healthy children (179 boys and 206 girls). Tracking was estimated by correlations between baseline and follow-up levels, multiple regression models in which the follow-up lipid was the dependent variable and analysing the percentage of individuals who remained in the same lipid levels status from prepubertal age to adolescence. Results Correlations between baseline and follow-up levels for low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and apolipoprotein B (apo B) were stronger in boys and for high density lipoprotein-cholesterol and apo A-I stronger in girls. Regression analyses showed that, after adjusting by body mass index ( BMI), baseline LDL-cholesterol and apo B levels explain 23% and 39% of the variation of follow-up LDL-cholesterol and apo B levels, respectively, in boys and 13% and 22%, respectively, in girls. The strength of tracking for LDL-cholesterol and apo B was 79% and 89%, respectively, in boys and 72% and 82%, respectively, in girls. Conclusion Apolipoprotein B showed the strongest tracking in both sexes, stronger than for LDL-cholesterol, which supports the importance of determining apo B levels as a marker of dyslipidaemia in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivo: Los osteoblastos son células especializadas encargadas principalmente de la formación ósea. Además son capaces de modular la osteoclastogénesis a través de la producción de RANKL y OPG. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar la expresión de estas citocinas en osteoblastos primarios. Material y métodos: Se obtuvieron osteoblastos primarios usando tejido óseo trabecular de pacientes sometidos a colocación de una prótesis de cadera por fractura (n=28) o artrosis (n=26). Se excluyeron del estudio aquellos pacientes con osteoporosis secundaria, con fracturas debidas a traumatismos de alta energía o artrosis secundaria. La expresión de RANKL y OPG se estudió mediante PCR cuantitativa. Resultados: La expresión de RANKL y OPG no varió significativamente durante un proceso de mineralización in vitro. Además, la expresión de OPG fue marcadamente superior a la de RANKL. Dado que en un trabajo previo encontramos una mayor abundancia de RANKL y un mayor cociente RANKL/OPG en el tejido óseo de pacientes osteoporóticos que en el de artrósicos, decidimos estudiar si esta expresión anormal en tejido se daba también en los osteoblastos. Sin embargo, en cultivos de osteoblastos primarios no encontramos diferencias en los niveles de expresión de RANKL, ni de OPG, entre los dos grupos de pacientes. Conclusiones: En conjunto, nuestros datos confirman que los osteoblastos son capaces de producir RANKL y OPG. Sin embargo, las diferencias de expresión encontradas a nivel de tejido óseo entre pacientes osteoporóticos y artrósicos no parecen relacionarse con diferentes características intrínsecas de sus osteoblastos, pues no se reproducen en los cultivos primarios.

The article titled "Effect of multiple supplement on productive performance in rearing heifers" presents a study conducted in Colombia to evaluate the effect of different amounts of supplement on crossbred heifers managed under rotational grazing. Twenty-four rearing heifers were used and distributed into four different treatments. The results showed that supplementation can improve economic profitability in rearing heifer production systems in the Colombian low tropics. However, it is important to ensure the quality and quantity of the basal diet required by the animals. [Extracted from the article]

Abstract Background Extremity liposarcomas can metastasize to different areas of the body but have rarely been demonstrated to metastasize to the liver. Due to the unusual occurrence of isolated metastatic extremity liposarcoma to the liver, the optimal treatment of this condition is unknown. Case presentation Less than one year after resection of a myxoid/round cell liposarcoma of the left lateral calf, a 61-year-old male presented with a CT scan showing a 2 cm low-density lesion in the right lobe of the liver. The lesion tripled in size over the next few months. An extensive evaluation revealed isolated disease to the liver. The lesion was surgically removed with a right hepatic lobectomy and the pathology was consistent with metastatic myxoid/round cell liposarcoma. Conclusion Although extremity liposarcoma rarely metastasizes solely to the liver, the best chance at cure is with complete resection. Unfortunately, cure rates are very low in the setting of metastatic disease. As expected, the patient experienced progression of disease at sites outside of the liver 5 months after the liver resection.

In our view, there is a general need to gain insights into what a listener does in linguistic interaction and to provide a comprehensive account of listenership from a pragmatic standpoint. This paper examines listener roles and processes in three aspects of communication: verbal understanding, verbal production and negotiation of meaning. Traditional views of communication are invariably speaker-centred and based on coding and decoding processes. This paper contains a critical review of these issues which are then related to foreign/second language teaching. Competent non-native speakers of a language should be able to both produce and interpret language correctly. We believe that social and cognitive pragmatic theories (Linguistic Politeness Theory and Relevance Theory) can be successfully applied to second language production and comprehension. Taking as our starting point Cauldwell’s (1998) caution to the effect that we need knowledge of what happens in real communication before thinking of methodologies to teach foreign languages, this paper reviews the three communicative processes of understanding, production and negotiation, and next addresses the main implications for the establishment of a theory-driven teaching methodology.

Desde que el hombre empezó su lucha contra las enfermedades de las plantas, se ha presentado el problema de por qué algunas plantas permanecen total o casi totalmente inalteradas por la enfermedad en tanto que otras no pueden soportarla, y todavía se busca la solución de este problema sin alcanzar la respuesta definitiva, lo cual no implica, necesariamente que ignoremos todos los fenómenos de la resistencia a la enfermedad, ya que sabemos que ésta es tan variable como es de esperarse en una relación tan compleja como la que existe entre el susceptivo y el patógeno.

De casos típico de 1a enfermedad de la qomosis del pasto Imperia en Colombia se aisló en cultivo puro una bacteria, la cual se probó que era la causa de esta seria enfermedad. Se da una completa descripción de este patógeno. Sobre la base de pruebas determinativas parece razonable que esta bacteria sea considerada al presente como una especie distintiva y se surgiere para ella el nombre Xanthomonas axonoperis sp. Nov. X. axonoperis, es más semejante en sus características culturales y bioquímicas a X. albilíneans, la causa de la enfermedad del escalado de la hoja “de Java”, de la caña de azúcar. A causa de esta semejanza, el problema de posibilidad de la infectividad cruzada debe examinarse cuidadosamente.

La enfermedad d los pastos Micaye Imperial en la zona de Rionegro constituye actualmente un problema de gravedad para los ganaderos de la región de Oriente porque sus ataquesse han intensificado en forma tan seriaquese teme fundadamente que dentro de poco tiempo dichos pastos que constituyen en la región la base de laalimentación delganado lechero, en su mayoría el razaspuras, habrán sido totalmente exterminados. El estudio sobre la enfermedad fue empezado en esta Facultad hacemás o menos un año y sibien es cierto que faltan muchos puntos porestudiar, la importancia del problema ha hecho que se considere conveniente dar una información adelantada sobre las labores realizadas, con el fin de ayudar a la rápida solución del problema.

Con el advenimiento del DDT como elemento de lucha contra las numerosas pestes que atacan a las plantas y a los animales y definitivamente probada su gran efectividad para ello, su uso se ha hecho extensivo en todas partes y en todas las ocasiones posibles, y así este insecticida ha venido desplazando a los que hasta la fecha se estaban empleando

The Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have demonstrated to be particularly useful in the education process. The aim of this work is to describe the construction of a Molecular Visualization System (MVS) of chemical structures using ICTs, which may improve the structural models presented in the courses of General Chemistry in Cuban higher education. In order to develop this system, two programs were used, Hyperchem and Chemcraft. A dynamic MVS with 16 molecular structures was built to facilitate their study and rotation, among other functions. The MVS was submitted to students' consideration on the interactive online platform Moodle. The students' opinion about the quality of the system was taken into account by means of an anonymous questionnaire, demonstrating the usefulness of the tool and the satisfaction of students with the MVS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La producción piscícola en la represa "La Salvajina" se ha incrementado en los últimos años, acentuando la acumulación de residuos resultantes del proceso. La presente investigación busca generar una alternativa de manejo de los residuos, aplicando la técnica de ensilaje biológico para su inclusión en la alimentación de Tilapia roja en etapa de engorde. Se evaluaron tres niveles de inclusión, 10% (T1), 20% (T2), 30% (T3), más una dieta testigo 0% (T0) sin ensilaje. Para ello, se determinó digestibilidad aparente (total, materia seca, proteína cruda, extracto etéreo y cenizas) mediante la adición de óxido crómico como marcador inerte y los parámetros zootécnicos (ganancia de peso, incremento en talla y conversión alimenticia). Las evaluaciones se llevaron a cabo en jaulas metabólicas, bajo un diseño completamente al azar, en tres réplicas. Los parámetros de digestibilidad no presentaron diferencias significativas (p>0,05), indicando que el ensilaje biológico de residuos de pescado al ser incluido en las raciones para tilapia, no afectan la ingestión de los componentes alimenticios. Los parámetros zootécnicos presentaron diferencias significativas (pA produção de peixes na represa "La Salvajina" tem aumentado nos últimos anos, acentuando a acumulação de resíduos resultantes do processo. Esta pesquisa visa criar uma alternativa de gestão de resíduos, aplicando a técnica de silagem biológica de inclusão na dieta de tilápia vermelha em processo de engorde. Três níveis de inclusão foram avaliados, 10% (T1), 20% (T2), 30% (T3), além de uma dieta controle de 0% (T0), que não tem inclusão de silagem. Para este fim, determinou-se a digestibilidade aparente (matéria seca total, proteína bruta, extrato etéreo e cinzas) por meio da adição de óxido de cromo como marcador inerte e parâmetros zootécnicos (ganho de peso, aumento no tamanho e na conversão alimentar). As avaliações foram realizadas em gaiolas metabólicas, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com três repetições. Os parâmetros de digestibilidade não foram significativamente diferentes (p>0,05), indicando que a silagem biológica de resíduos de peixe ao ser incluído nas dietas para a tilápia, não afetou o consumo dos componentes dos alimentos. Os parâmetros zootécnicos foram significativamente diferentes (pThe piscicultural production at "La Salvajina" dam has increased in recent years, accentuating the accumulation of waste resulting from this process. The present research seeks to generate an alternative for waste management, applying the biological silage technique for its inclusion in the red tilapia feeding at the fattening stage. Three inclusion stages were evaluated, 10% (T1), 20% (T2), 30% (T3), plus a witness diet 0% (TO) which does not present silage inclusion. For this, it was determined apparent digestibility (total, dry matter, raw protein, ether extract and ashes) through the addition of chromic oxide as an inert marker and the zootechnical parameters (weight gain, size increment and food conversion). The evaluations were carried out in metabolic cages under a completely randomized design in three replicas. The digestibility parameters did not present meaningful differences (p>0,05), indicating that the biological silage of fish waste when included in rations for tilapia do not affect the ingestion of the feeding components. The zootechnical parameters presented meaningful differences (p

A study was conducted to determine the effect of the inclusion of betaine in goat diets on milk production and physical-chemical characteristics of the goat milk. Thirty lactating goats free of intramammary infection were selected from a commercial Murciano-Granadina herd. Two homogeneous groups of 15 goats were used in this trial. One group received the control diet and the other the same diet in which 4 g betaine was included per kg of the diet. The intake of the experimental diets started 15 days before parturition and samples were taken over a period of four months. After four months the milk yield of the betaine group was significantly higher, 0.16 kg/day, than that of the control group. The percentage of fat was higher in the betaine group but did not differ significantly from that of the control group. Significantly higher concentrations of short chain fatty acid (C8:0, C10:0, and C12:0) were measured in the milk of the goats receiving the betaine in their diet than in the milk from the control group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes the use of autoregressive models to predict weekly milk yield in a goat farm. Twenty-eight goats were used to build the model and eight goats were used to validate it. The best models obtained were those in which the prediction was directly related to the present milk yield and previous milk yield (both observed and predicted by the model). This emphasises the strong correlation in terms of time series which exists between consecutive values (weekly in our case) of milk production. The best model provided the best results in terms of accuracy (root mean square error, RMSE = 0.4225 kg/d) and bias (mean error, ME = 0.0044 kg/d). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]