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Background: Survival in patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) on renal replacement therapy (RRT) is less than that of the general population of the same age, and depends on patient factors, the medical care received, and the type of RRT used. The objective of this study is to analyze the factors associated with survival in patients undergoing RRT. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study of adult patients with an incident of ESKD on RRT in Andalusia from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2018. Patient characteristics, nephrological care received, and survival from the beginning of RRT were evaluated. A survival model for the patient was developed according to the variables studied. Results: A total of 11,551 patients were included. Median survival was 6.8 years (95% CI (6.6; 7.0)). After starting RRT, survival at one year and five years was 88.7% (95% CI (88.1; 89.3)) and 59.4% (95% CI (58.4; 60.4)), respectively. Age, initial comorbidity, diabetic nephropathy, and a venous catheter were independent risk factors. However, non-urgent initiation of RRT and follow-up in consultations for more than six months had a protective effect. It was identified that renal transplantation (RT) was the most influential independent factor in patient survival, with a risk ratio of 0.13 (95% CI (0.11; 0.14)). Conclusions: The receiving of a kidney transplant was the most beneficial modifiable factor in the survival of incident patients on RRT. We consider that the mortality of the renal replacement treatment should be adjusted, taking into account both modifiable and nonmodifiable factors to achieve a more precise and comparable interpretation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to describe the safety profile and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameters in end‐stage renal disease patients who received gentamicin as empirical treatment in catheter‐related bacteremia when they showed infection signs, regardless of the timing of the next HD. Patients received gentamicin 3 mg/kg before blood culture extraction when they showed infection signs and regardless of the timing of next hemodialysis session. Serum concentrations were collected after the gentamicin administration (peak level) and before the next HD (trough level). Toxicities and adverse drug events were registered. The main pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic goal for Gram‐negative infections was peak:minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ≥10. Sixteen patients were included. Nephrotoxicity was not assessed in this population, and no ototoxicity was found. According to microbial isolation and gentamicin susceptibility, the value of peak:MIC was 5.4 ± 2.0. The administration of gentamicin in these conditions was safe. Estimated pharmacokinetic values were consistent with previous studies and appropriate according to peak:MIC goal for Gram‐negative organisms with MIC ≤1 mg/L. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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