7 results on '"Gordon W. Selling"'
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2. Extraction, Purification and Characterization of an Arabinogalactan from Frost (Riverbank) Grape (Vitis riparia Michx.) Stems
- Author
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Fred J. Eller, Steven F. Vaughn, Neil P. J. Price, James A. Kenar, Michael A. Jackson, Mark A. Berhow, Korey J. Brownstein, and Gordon W. Selling
- Subjects
frost grape ,pressure swing extraction ,arabinogalactan ,ultrafiltration ,emulsification ,viscosity ,resveratrol ,titanium ,ε-viniferin ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 - Abstract
This study investigated the extraction and properties of an arabinogalactan polysaccharide from frost grape (FGP) as a potential alternative to gum arabic (GA). Collection date, solvent:feed ratio (S:F), chip size, C-18 filtration, ultrafiltration, freeze drying versus spray drying, methanol pre-extraction, and water absorption were examined. Sugar composition, elemental analysis, dietary fiber content, emulsification activity index (EAI), emulsification stability index (ESI), and viscosity were used to evaluate the extracts. Exudates collected in March from live stems were viscous with high percentage solids and FGP, while May collections were watery with low percentage solids and FGP. Frost grape stems were collected, chipped, and classified by size. The extraction system utilized pressure or vacuum to increase contact between the chips and extraction water. A S:F ratio of ca. 24% gave an excellent yield of FGP. Chips between 1.8 and 3.8 mm gave the highest mass yields. Pre-extracting the chips with methanol and C-18 filtration of the water extract both yielded a lighter product. The EAI for the FGP was higher than that for GA; however, its ESI was lower. Ultrafiltration of the crude extract separated glucose, fructose, and sucrose from the FGP. FGP with glucose, fructose, and sucrose adsorbed water and became darker.
- Published
- 2023
3. Effect of jet-cooking on rheological properties of navy bean flour suspensions
- Author
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Jingyuan Xu, Gordon W. Selling, and Sean X. Liu
- Subjects
Jet-cooking ,Navy bean ,Rheology ,Viscoelastic properties ,Food processing and manufacture ,TP368-456 - Abstract
Navy beans are a gluten-free pulse containing great heathy sources for human beings. In this work, we compared the rheological properties of untreated navy bean flour suspensions (UNBFS) and jet-cooked navy bean flour suspensions (JCNBFS). Jet-cooking is a direct-contact heating process employing high-temperature and high-pressure steam for producing food and beverage products. We found that the linear rheological properties of 8% (wt.%) UNBFS exhibited viscoelastic fluid behavior; while 10% (wt.%) UNBFS displayed viscoelastic fluid/solid cross-over behavior; but 12% (wt.%) UNBFS displayed weak viscoelastic solid behavior. Unlike UNBFS, all three (8%, 10%, and 12%) (wt.%) jet-cooked navy bean flour suspensions (JCNBFS) displayed linear rheological properties having viscoelastic solid gel-like behaviors. The rheological properties of JCNBFS were strongly dependent on the concentration of the suspensions. The non-linear viscoelastic properties of the three suspensions of UNBFS exhibited similar viscosity shear thinning behavior. The degree of shear thinning was slightly reduced both at very low and high shear rates. The non-linear rheological properties of the three suspensions of JCNBFS also displayed shear thinning behaviors. The viscosity curves of the JCNBFS were much steeper than those of the UNBFS. This demonstrates that JCNBFS possessed greater shear thinning capacity than UNBFS. Both linear and non-linear rheological property studies for UNBFS and JCNBFS revealed that jet-cooking processing alters the molecular structures of navy bean flours’ starch and proteins, which would influence the navy bean flour suspensions’ properties. The results of this work will be useful to develop new food products from navy beans.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Fusarium head blight resistance exacerbates nutritional loss of wheat grain at elevated CO2
- Author
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William T. Hay, James A. Anderson, Susan P. McCormick, Milagros P. Hojilla-Evangelista, Gordon W. Selling, Kelly D. Utt, Michael J. Bowman, Kenneth M. Doll, Kim L. Ascherl, Mark A. Berhow, and Martha M. Vaughan
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract The nutritional integrity of wheat is jeopardized by rapidly rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and the associated emergence and enhanced virulence of plant pathogens. To evaluate how disease resistance traits may impact wheat climate resilience, 15 wheat cultivars with varying levels of resistance to Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) were grown at ambient and elevated CO2. Although all wheat cultivars had increased yield when grown at elevated CO2, the nutritional contents of FHB moderately resistant (MR) cultivars were impacted more than susceptible cultivars. At elevated CO2, the MR cultivars had more significant differences in plant growth, grain protein, starch, fructan, and macro and micro-nutrient content compared with susceptible wheat. Furthermore, changes in protein, starch, phosphorus, and magnesium content were correlated with the cultivar FHB resistance rating, with more FHB resistant cultivars having greater changes in nutrient content. This is the first report of a correlation between the degree of plant pathogen resistance and grain nutritional content loss in response to elevated CO2. Our results demonstrate the importance of identifying wheat cultivars that can maintain nutritional integrity and FHB resistance in future atmospheric CO2 conditions.
- Published
- 2022
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- View/download PDF
5. Amylose Inclusion Complexes as Emulsifiers for Garlic and Asafoetida Essential Oils for Mosquito Control
- Author
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Ephantus J. Muturi, William T. Hay, Robert W. Behle, and Gordon W. Selling
- Subjects
aedes aegypti ,essential oils ,amylose inclusion complexes ,emulsions ,Science - Abstract
Although the insecticidal properties of some plant essential oils are well-documented, their use in integrated pest and vector management is complicated by their high volatility, low thermal stability, high sensitivity to oxidation, and low solubility in water. We investigated the use of bio-based N-1-hexadecylammonium chloride and sodium palmitate amylose inclusion complexes as emulsifiers for two essential oils, garlic and asafoetida, known to be highly toxic to mosquito larvae. Four emulsions of each essential oil based on amylose hexadecylammonium chloride and amylose sodium palmitate inclusion complexes were evaluated for their toxicity against Aedes aegypti L. larvae relative to bulk essential oils. All emulsions were significantly more toxic than the bulk essential oil with the lethal dosage ratios ranging from 1.09−1.30 relative to bulk essential oil. Droplet numbers ranged from 1.11 × 109 to 9.55 × 109 per mL and did not change significantly after a 6-month storage period. These findings demonstrated that amylose inclusion complexes enhanced the toxicity of essential oils and could be used to develop new essential oil based larvicides for use in integrated vector management.
- Published
- 2019
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6. Properties of films from corn zein reacted with glutaraldehyde.
- Author
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David J. Sessa, Abdellatif Mohamed, Jeffrey A. Byars, Sharon A. H. Hamaker, and Gordon W. Selling
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THICK films ,ORGANIC solvents ,CALORIMETRY ,TEMPERATURE - Abstract
To improve the mechanical properties of zein films, a commercial white zein was reacted in glacial acetic acid (HAc) with glutaraldehyde (GDA) from 0.5 to 16% by weight based on the weight of zein. Amounts of 4% or higher GDAâmodified zein, when cured in a closed system, generated a gel. That gel was insoluble in organic solvents known to solubilize zein. Zein solutions cast within a silicon rubber gasket sealed onto Teflonâcoated plates, when air dried, generated 0.7â0.9âmm thick films. Those films from 8% GDAâmodified zein had a water vapor permeability of 5.9 à 10â8 g cm/Pa s m2. Overall, results indicate that our thicker films gave higher water vapor permeability than values reported in the literature. To achieve consistent and comparable results with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analyses (DMA), film samples had to be heated to remove residual HAc. An increase in the glass transition temperatures for those films from GDAâmodification of zein, observed with both DSC and DMA, was attributed to the crosslinking of zein. Physical testing of tensile bars cut from GDAâmodified zein films showed minor enhancement of tensile strength, percent elongation, and Young''s modulus in the 0.5% GDAâmodified zein films, which increased and leveled off with 4% or higher amounts of GDA for the modifications. When the 4 to 16% GDA results are averaged, the tensile strength for the modified zein films increased 1.8âfold when compared with unmodified zein control films. On the same note, percent elongation showed a 1.8âfold increase and Young''s modulus showed a 1.5âfold increase. GDA reaction with zein generated films with improved tensile strength, ductility, and stiffness when compared with respective zein control films that retained their integrity when subjected to either boiling water or extensive soaking. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
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7. Leptospermum scoparium essential oil is a promising source of mosquito larvicide and its toxicity is enhanced by a biobased emulsifier.
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Ephantus J Muturi, Gordon W Selling, Kenneth M Doll, William T Hay, and Jose L Ramirez
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Synthetic pesticides are the cornerstone of vector-borne disease control, but alternatives are urgently needed to tackle the growing problem of insecticide resistance and concerns over environmental safety. Leptospermum scoparium J.R. Forst and G. Forst (manuka) essential oil and its four fractions were analyzed for chemical composition and toxicity against Aedes aegypti larvae. The use of bio-based amylose-N-1-hexadecylammonium chloride inclusion complexes (Hex-Am) as an emulsifier for L. scoparium essential oil was also investigated. Fraction 1 was inactive, fractions 2 (LC50 = 12.24 ppm) and 3 (LC50 = 20.58 ppm) were more toxic than the whole essential oil (LC50 = 47.97 ppm), and fraction 4 (LC50 = 35.87 ppm) had similar toxicity as the whole essential oil. Twenty-one chemical constituents were detected in L. scoparium essential oil compared to 16, 5, 19 and 25 chemical constituents in fractions, 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively. The two most dominant chemical constituents were calamenene (17.78%) and leptospermone (11.86%) for L. scoparium essential oil, calamenene (37.73%) and ledene (10.37%) for fraction 1, leptospermone (56.6%) and isoleptospermone (19.73) for fraction 2, cubenol (24.30%) and caryophyllene oxide (12.38%) for fraction 3, and γ-gurjunene (21.62%) and isoleptospermone (7.88%) for fraction 4. Alpha-pinene, ledene, and aromandendrene were 2-7 times less toxic than the whole essential suggesting that the toxicity of L. scoparium essential oil was either due to other chemical constituents that were not tested or due synergist interactions among chemical constituents. Leptospermum scoparium essential oil-Hex-Am emulsion (LC50 = 29.62) was more toxic than the whole essential oil. These findings suggest that L. scoparium essential oil is a promising source of mosquito larvicide and that Hex-Am is an excellent emulsifier for L. scoparium essential oil for use as a larvicide.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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