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The Sverdrup Basin is one of the important petroliferous basins in the Arctic. It has abundant oil and gas resources, but the exploration degree is relatively low. Based on the IHS database and literatures in the public domain, this paper documented the geological characteristics and distribution of oil and gas in the Sverdrup Basin, and classified the petroleum systems and hydrocarbon plays in the basin. The undiscovered hydrocarbons were eventually assessed by Monte Carlo simulation and the favorable exploration areas were predicted. The investigation results show that the discovered oil and gas accumulations are mainly distributed in the western area of the basin, which consists of Sabin and Edinburgh sub-basins. Oil and gas are mainly reserved in the Jurassic and Triassic clastic reservoirs. Two petroleum systems, which are the Paleozoic and Mesozoic systems, were identified in the basin. The Mesozoic petroleum system has a far greater exploration potential. Undiscovered recoverable reserves (mean value) in the Mesozoic petroleum system are 474.81 MMbbl (1 MMbbl=1×106 bbl, 1 bbl=0.137 t) of oil, 13 620.82 Bcf (1 Bcf=1×109 ft3, 1 ft3=0.028 3 m3) of natural gas and 63.66 MMbbl of condensate, amounting to 2 808.61 MMboe (3.85×108 t), of which the natural gas accounts for 80.82%. The Lower Jurassic structural hydrocarbon play in the western area of the basin, the Upper Triassic-Lower Jurassic structural hydrocarbon play in the Edinburgh sub-basin and the Upper Jurassic structural hydrocarbon play in the Sabine sub-basin are the most promising exploration areas.

Abstract Background The importance of multidisciplinary team (MDT) centred on pregnant women with pulmonary hypertension (PH) has been highlighted. However, rare studies have explored its effects on pregnancy outcomes. This study seeks to investigate whether and how the MDT has an effect on the treatment and outcomes of PH pregnant women. Methods A pre- and post-intervention study was conducted based on an interrupted time series design to compare the treatment and outcomes of patients with PH before (pre-MDT) and after (post-MDT) implementation of the MDT. PH was defined as pulmonary artery systolic pressure (sPAP) ≥ 35 mmHg measured by echocardiography or right heart catheterization and sPAP at 35–60 mmHg and over 60 mmHg was defined as mild and severe PH, respectively. All results were analyzed by T-tests, Chi square tests or Fisher exact test and two-sided p value

Background: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a malignant pulmonary vascular disease that negatively impacts quality of life, exercise capacity, and mortality. This study sought to investigate the relationship between serum uric acid (UA) level and the disease severity and treatment response of patients with PAH and congenital heart disease (PAH-CHD).Methods: This study included 225 CHD patients and 40 healthy subjects. Serum UA was measured in all patients, and UA levels and haemodynamic parameters were re-evaluated in 20 patients who had received PAH-specific drug treatment for at least 7 ± 1 month.Results: Serum UA levels were significantly higher in PAH-CHD patients than in CHD patients with a normal pulmonary artery pressure and normal subjects (347.7 ± 105.7 μmol/L vs. 278.3 ± 84.6 μmol/L; 347.7 ± 105.7 μmol/L vs. 255.7 ± 44.5 μmol/L, p < 0.05). UA levels in the intermediate and high risk groups were significantly higher than those in the low-risk group (365.6 ± 107.8 μmol/L vs. 311.2 ± 82.8 μmol/L; 451.6 ± 117.6 μmol/L vs. 311.2 ± 82.8 μmol/L, p < 0.05). Serum UA levels positively correlated with mean pulmonary arterial pressure, WHO functional class, pulmonary vascular resistance, and NT-proBNP (r = 0.343, 0.357, 0.406, 0.398; p < 0.001), and negatively with mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) (r = −0.293, −0.329; p < 0.001). UA significantly decreased from 352.7 ± 97.5 to 294.4 ± 56.8 μmol/L (p = 0.001) after PAH-specific drug treatment for at least 6 months, along with significant decreases in mean pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance and increases in cardiac index and mixed SvO2.Conclusion: Serum UA can be used as a practical and economic biomarker for risk stratification and the evaluation of PAH-specific drug treatment effects for patients with PAH-CHD.

Background: Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a potentially fatal pulmonary vascular disease with an extremely poor natural course. The limitations of current treatment and the unclear etiology and pathogenesis of idiopathic PAH require new targets and avenues of exploration involved in the pathogenesis of PAH. tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs), a new type of small non-coding RNAs, have a significant part in the progress of diverse diseases. However, the potential functions behind tsRNAs in idiopathic PAH remain unknown.Methods: Small RNA microarray was implemented on three pairs of plasma of idiopathic PAH patients and healthy controls to investigate and compare tsRNAs expression profiles. Validation samples were used for real-time polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR) to verify several dysregulated tsRNAs. Bioinformatic analysis was adopted to determine potential target genes and mechanisms of the validated tsRNAs in PAH.Results: Microarray detected 816 statistically significantly dysregulated tsRNAs, of which 243 tsRNAs were upregulated and 573 were downregulated in PAH. Eight validated tsRNAs in the results of Real-time PCR were concordant with the small RNA microarray: four upregulated (tRF3a-AspGTC-9, 5’tiRNA-31-GluCTC-16, i-tRF-31:54-Val-CAC-1 and tRF3b-TyrGTA-4) and four downregulated (5’tiRNA-33-LysTTT-4, i-tRF-8:32-Val-AAC-2, i-tRF-2:30-His-GTG-1, and i-tRF-15:31-Lys-CTT-1). The Gene Ontology analysis has shown that the verified tsRNAs are related to cellular macromolecule metabolic process, regulation of cellular process, and regulation of cellular metabolic process. It is disclosed that potential target genes of verified tsRNAs are widely involved in PAH pathways by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes.Conclusion: This study investigated tsRNA profiles in idiopathic PAH and found that the dysregulated tsRNAs may become a novel type of biomarkers and possible targets for PAH.

Abstract Background Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a chronic, progressive lung vascular disease accompanied by elevated pulmonary vascular pressure and resistance, and it is characterized by increased pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation. Apolipoprotein A5 (ApoA5) improves monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH and right heart failure; however, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Here we speculate that ApoA5 has a protective effect in pulmonary vessels and aim to evaluate the mechanism. Methods ApoA5 is overexpressed in an MCT-induced PAH animal model and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-induced proliferating PASMCs. Lung vasculature remodeling was measured by immunostaining, and PASMC proliferation was determined by cell counting kit‐8 and 5‐ethynyl‐2'‐deoxyuridine5‐ethynyl‐2'‐deoxyuridine incorporation assays. Coimmunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry was used to investigate the probable mechanism. Next, its role and mechanism were further verified by knockdown studies. Results ApoA5 level was decreased in MCT-induced PAH lung as well as PASMCs. Overexpression of ApoA5 could help to inhibit the remodeling of pulmonary artery smooth muscle. ApoA5 could inhibit PDGF-BB-induced PASMC proliferation and endoplasmic reticulum stress by increasing the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78). After knocking down GRP78, the protecting effects of ApoA5 have been blocked. Conclusion ApoA5 ameliorates MCT-induced PAH by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress in a GRP78 dependent mechanism.

In recent years, primary hydrocarbon accumulations of Precambrian-Lower Cambrian have caused an increasing attention in the oil and gas explorations worldwide. The Eastern Siberian Basin in Russia, the Oman Basin in the Middle East, and the Sichuan Basin in China are endowed with the richest oil and gas reserves in the Precambrian-Lower Cambrian primary hydrocarbon accumulations. This study takes these three basins as examples to systematical and comprehensively document the geological characteristics and distribution of the global Precambrian-Lower Cambrian primary hydrocarbon accumulations through a large amount of data analysis and statistics, to provide insights for further breakthroughs of oil and gas explorations in ancient stratigraphic successions of sedimentary basins. The global proven and controlled reserves of Precambrian-Lower Cambrian primary hydrocarbon accumulations have reached 30.09×109 boe (4.12×108 t), of which 84.2% are distributed in the Eastern Siberian Basin, while the Oman Basin and the Sichuan Basin account for 8.9% and 6.5%, respectively. The source rocks are dominated by marine mudstones, shales and carbonate rocks, which are generally immature to over-mature and mostly distribute in low structural parts. Carbonate rocks and clastic rocks are important types of reservoir rocks. Early dolomitization, superficial leaching and hydrocarbons injection are important mechanisms for the development of ancient carbonate reservoirs. Most of the hydrocarbons in deep and ultra-deep ancient strata are stored in carbonate rocks. At the same time, the extensively developed high-quality regional caprocks are the key to preserving abundant hydrocarbons. Three types of accumulation models, self-generating and self-preserving, reservoirs adjacent to source rocks, and reservoirs isolated to source rocks, constitute the main models of Precambrian-Lower Cambrian primary hydrocarbon accumulations.

Systematic analyses of statistical data of shale oil resources and an integrated investigation of geological elements in major shale oil basins in USA were made. They characterize the distribution features of shale oil resources and document the controlling factors for shale oil endowment in USA. The results provide insights for shale oil exploration and production in China. Recoverable shale oil resources amount to 1 51×109 bbl in USA, of which 36.5×109 bbl have already been proven with a discovery rate of 24.2%. The shale oil resources are unevenly distributed. The Permian Basin has the lion's share of the total, followed by the Gulf and Williston basins. The enrichment of shale oil resources is largely governed by the volume of high quality source rocks, the extensive top and bottom seals of shale oil plays and the scale of "sweet spots" in shale oil reservoir intervals. The former two control the total endowment of shale oil resources and the latter controls the production volume of shale oils. It is suggested that China's shale oil exploration should focus on the selection of favorable plays and their fairways in large sedimentary basins. The delineation of new "sweet spots" and the expansion of the extent of known "sweet spots" are the keys for the new breakthroughs of shale oil exploration and the increase of both shale oil production and reserves.

With the progress of software and hardware technology of mobile terminals,the machine learning ability of mobile terminals has been explored.Starting from the overall framework of mobile terminal artificial intelligence technology,the end-to-end artificial intelligence hardware acceleration technology was studied,mainstream on-device machine learning frameworks,neural network model compression and other software technologies were compared,the development trend of AI application was analyzed,and the current technological progress and future development trend of mobile terminal artificial intelligence were summarized.

The integrated analyses, classification and comparison of petroleum systems, combined with the latest oil and gas field data from the Middle East and the previous research results, indicate how tectonic-depositional evolution, source rocks and seals, and petroleum resource endowment are inter-linked. The impacts of these factors on the enrichment of petroleum resources could be established. There are four super petroleum systems in the passive margin basins of the Arabian Plate, namely, the intra-craton, the back-arc, the passive margin and the active margin, among which the passive margin and intra-craton super petroleum systems are the most significant. Regionally, oil and gas in the study area are mainly concentrated in the Central Arabian Basin and the Rub' Al Khali Basin. Stratigraphically, oil is mainly reservoired in the Cretaceous and Jurassic whereas the gas in the Permian and Triassic. The diffe-rential enrichment of hydrocarbons is mainly controlled by three factors: the distribution of high-quality effective source rocks and the positive structural trends of basins, which have a dominant control on the regional distribution of oil and gas, and the regional seals, which govern the stratigraphic distribution of oil and gas.

Background: The beneficial effects of parasympathetic stimulation in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) have been reported. However, the specific mechanism has not been completely clarified. Donepezil, an oral cholinesterase inhibitor, enhances parasympathetic activity by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase, whose therapeutic effects in PAH and its mechanism deserve to be investigated.Methods: The PAH model was established by a single intraperitoneal injection of monocrotaline (MCT, 50 mg/kg) in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Donepezil was administered via intraperitoneal injection daily after 1 week of MCT administration. At the end of the study, PAH status was confirmed by echocardiography and hemodynamic measurement. Testing for acetylcholinesterase activity and cholinergic receptor expression was used to evaluate parasympathetic activity. Indicators of pulmonary arterial remodeling and right ventricular (RV) dysfunction were assayed. The proliferative and apoptotic ability of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), inflammatory reaction, macrophage infiltration in the lung, and activation of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were also tested. PASMCs from the MCT-treated rats were co-cultured with the supernatant of BMDMs treated with donepezil, and then, the proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs were evaluated.Results: Donepezil treatment effectively enhanced parasympathetic activity. Furthermore, it markedly reduced mean pulmonary arterial pressure and RV systolic pressure in the MCT-treated rats, as well as reversed pulmonary arterial remodeling and RV dysfunction. Donepezil also reduced the proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of PASMCs in the MCT-treated rats. In addition, it suppressed the inflammatory response and macrophage activation in both lung tissue and BMDMs in the model rats. More importantly, donepezil reduced the proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of PASMCs by suppressing M2-macrophage activation.Conclusion: Donepezil could prevent pulmonary vascular and RV remodeling, thereby reversing PAH progression. Moreover, enhancement of the parasympathetic activity could reduce the proliferation and promote the apoptosis of PASMCs in PAH by suppressing M2-macrophage activation.

Exercise training has been reported to ameliorate heart dysfunction in both humans and animals after myocardial infarction (MI). Exercise-induced cardioprotective factors have been implicated in mediating cardiac repair under pathological conditions. These protective factors secreted by or enriched in the heart could exert cardioprotective functions in an autocrine or paracrine manner. Extracellular vesicles, especially exosomes, contain key molecules and play an essential role in cell-to-cell communication via delivery of various factors, which may be a novel target to study the mechanism of exercise-induced benefits, besides traditional signaling pathways. This review is designed to demonstrate the function and underlying protective mechanism of exercise-induced cardioprotective factors in MI, with an aim to offer more potential therapeutic targets for MI.