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The study aims to investigate the impact of implementing the Numbered Heads Strategy on developing oral expression skills among Arabic learners who speak languages, as well as their attitudes towards this teaching method. The research involved 50 participants, both male and female, at the fourth level of a language center within Al al-Bayt University. These participants were divided into two groups: a control group, which received traditional instruction, and an experimental group, which was taught using the Numbered Heads Strategy. The study designed an achievement test and an attitudinal scale to assess the participants. The results revealed a statistically significant difference in favor of the experimental group, with higher mean scores in both the oral expression skills test and the post-attitude scale. However, no significant differences were found between the mean scores of the experimental and control groups in the oral expression test and attitude scale when considering the interaction between teaching strategy and gender. Based on these results, the study recommends the utilization of the Numbered Heads Strategy in teaching oral expression skills to Arabic learners who speak languages other than Arabic.

Objective: To assess the feasibility and potential scalability of telemedicine-enabled ambulances for the prehospital evaluation of patients with suspected acute stroke symptoms. Patients and Methods: A pilot study of telemedicine-enabled ambulances for evaluating patients with suspected acute stroke symptoms en route at 2 tertiary academic comprehensive stroke centers from January 1, 2018, to February 5, 2024. Charts of included patients were reviewed for demographic data, vascular risk factors, final diagnosis, time from arrival to neuroimaging, door-to–needle and door-to-puncture times in patients eligible for acute treatment, and any reported technical challenges during audio-video consultations. Results: Forty-seven patients (mean age, 68.0 years; 62% men) were evaluated via telemedicine-enabled ambulances, of which 35 (74%) where for hospital-to-hospital transferred patients. Mean time from arrival to neuroimaging was 11.8 minutes. Twenty-nine patients (62%) were diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke, and the remainder were diagnosed with intracranial hemorrhage (n=13), seizure (n=2), brain mass (n=1), or other diagnoses (n=3). Four patients (9%) received intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase (mean door to needle, 30.3 minutes), and 15 patients (32%) underwent mechanical thrombectomy (mean door to puncture, 72 minutes). Technical challenges were reported in 15 of the 42 (36%) cases, of which 10 (67%) were related to poor internet connectivity. Conclusion: Telemedicine-enabled ambulances in emergency medical services systems are novel, feasible, and potentially scalable options for evaluating patients with suspected acute stroke in the prehospital setting. However, optimization of infrastructure, staffing models, and internet connectivity is necessary, and larger studies evaluating the clinical and cost effectiveness of this approach are needed before widespread implementation.

Universities always strive to qualify students to be creative in their careers, so researchers in the creativity domain seeks the factors that affect creative thinking to understand this concept more deeply. As a result, the current study aimed at exploring the predictive power of self-regulation and academic hope in the creative thinking among undergraduate students. A total of 481 (249 males, 232 females) undergraduate students from different universities in Saudi Arabia participated in this quantitative correlational study, and completed the scale of self-regulation scale, the academic hope scale, and the creative thinking scale. The findings showed that the level of creative thinking of the undergraduate students was medium, but they have high levels of the academic hope and self-regulation. It was also found that self-regulation and academic hope were good predictors of creative thinking. It was recommended that educators and practitioners should consider academic hope and self-regulation if they want to foster creativity thinking.

Summary: Background: We aimed to study the clinical characteristics, myocardial injury, and longitudinal outcomes of COVID-19 vaccine-associated myocarditis (C-VAM). Methods: In this longitudinal retrospective observational cohort multicenter study across 38 hospitals in the United States, 333 patients with C-VAM were compared with 100 patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). We included patients ≤30 years of age with a clinical diagnosis of acute myocarditis after COVID-19 vaccination based on clinical presentation, abnormal biomarkers and/or cardiovascular imaging findings. Demographics, past medical history, hospital course, biochemistry results, cardiovascular imaging, and follow-up information from April 2021 to November 2022 were collected. The primary outcome was presence of myocardial injury as evidenced by late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging. Findings: Patients with C-VAM were predominantly white (67%) adolescent males (91%, 15.7 ± 2.8 years). Their initial clinical course was more likely to be mild (80% vs. 23%, p 15 years, OR 2.74 [95% CI: 1.28, 5.83, p = 0.009]) and when C-VAM occurred after the first or second dose as compared to the third dose of mRNA vaccine. Mid-term clinical outcomes of C-VAM at a median follow-up of 178 days (IQR 114–285 days) were reassuring. No cardiac deaths or heart transplantations were reported until the time of submission of this report. LGE persisted in 60% of the patients at follow up. Interpretation: Myocardial injury at initial presentation and its persistence at follow up, despite a mild initial course and favorable mid-term clinical outcome, warrants continued clinical surveillance and long-term studies in affected patients with C-VAM. Funding: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

Abstract Background Family and school environment play a crucial role across the different developmental stages of adolescence. This paper investigates the potential mediating role of family and school environments in the relationship between the three psychosocial predictors of depression, anxiety, stress, and Internet addiction (IA). Specifically, it focuses on the two stages of early and middle adolescence. Methods The study involved a survey of 407 adolescents from Qatar, comprising 250 early adolescents and 157 middle adolescents. Inclusion criteria for the study included adolescents between the ages of 10 to 17 years old, residents of Qatar and studying in a Qatar-based school. To assess the constructs of the three psychosocial predictors, IA, family environment, the study utilized the Depression, Stress, and Anxiety Scale (DASS), the Internet Addiction Diagnostic Questionnaire (IADQ), and the Brief Family Relationship Scale, respectively. School environment was measured using questions from the “Health Behavior in School-aged Children: WHO Collaborative Cross-National survey/study (HBSC) 2013–2014. The study applied standard mediation analysis between the DASS components and IA with family and school environment as the mediators. Results Results from the mediation analysis reveal insights into the relationships between psychosocial predictors and IA. The findings indicate that family and school environments partially mediated the relationship with regards to depression, stress, and anxiety in early adolescents. In middle adolescents, family environment partially mediated the relationship with depression and stress and fully mediating the relationship with anxiety. Meanwhile, school environment only exhibited partial mediation in the relationship with anxiety in middle adolescence. Conclusions These results highlight the crucial role parents and schools play in addressing problematic technology usage that develops as a response to depression, anxiety, and stress among adolescents. Moreover, the study reveals nuances in the mediating role of family and school environment in early and middle adolescence. This highlights the evolving nature of these influences across the different stages of development. Notably, this study contributes to the literature by moving beyond the conventional focus on the so-called WEIRD population, and offering valuable insights from a region that is underrepresented in current research.

Abstract Taurine is a conditionally essential amino acid that has been reported to have antioxidative and immunomodulatory effects either directly or through its interactions with gut microbiome. Although taurine has been widely used as a health supplement and also for treatment of congestive heart failure in Japan, its roles in the perioperative setting have not been well characterized. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess whether oral or intravenous taurine, or its derivatives such as taurolidine, can offer benefits compared to placebo in the perioperative setting. Non-randomized studies, trials assessed topical taurine or taurolidine, or trials did not report clinical outcomes were excluded. Six randomized-controlled-trials (RCTs) involving a total of 596 adult surgical patients, in PubMed, MEDLINE and EMBASE databases on September 14, 2023 were identified and meta-analyzed using a fixed-effect model. Biases were assessed by reporting individual trial elements. Taurine or taurolidine (which is readily metabolized by hydrolysis to taurine) supplementation was associated with a reduction in all-cause infection (5 trials: pooled odds ratio (OR) 0.59; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.38–0.92; p = 0.020) but not delirium (2 trials: OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.38–1.04; p = 0.071) or mortality (4 trials: OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.43–1.58; p = 0.557) compared to placebo. Using the ‘trim and fill’ technique to adjust for publication bias did not change the favorable effect of taurine on risk of infection (OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.40–0.95). Because the number of studies included was small, the promising benefits of taurine on risks of perioperative infection should be confirmed by adequately-powered RCTs.

Abstract This study investigates whether fidelity was achieved in the self-translation of Friday sermons by imam Mohammed Ewes. Ewes is an Egyptian Muslim imam who immigrated to the United Kingdom in 1996. When writing this paper, he had been preaching at Al-Birr Mosque in London for 25 years. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, he is one of the few Muslim imams in the Islamic world to have self-translated and compiled his religious sermons into a single book. This study adopts the Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) approach to analyze the data. We extracted the data from Ewes’s book Pulpit Sermons in Arabic and English, written in Arabic and self-translated into English by Ewes himself. Specifically, we selected eight sermons randomly from the book. We analyzed the data using Ajunwa’s (2015) approach to assessing fidelity in translation. The findings show that fidelity was not achieved in the self-translation because the self-translator did not produce a faithful and accurate translation. Therefore, the self-translation of Ewes’s Friday sermons cannot be regarded as a true translation but as a rewritten translation.

Within the context of the financial industry, the purpose of this research is to investigate the influence that management of scope, time, cost, and quality has on the performance of projects and business overall performance in the financial sector. Following the collection and examination of the study materials, a total of 331 samples were deemed appropriate for analysis by means of the PLS software. According to the findings, the implementation of scope, time, cost, and quality management has a direct and beneficial impact on the enhancement of project performance in the organization that deals with financial matters. As an additional point of interest, the project scope has a favorable impact on the performance of the project through the implementation of work breakdown structure, project scope definition, and scope change control. The formulation of a timetable, the estimation of the duration of activities, and the critical path analysis are all ways in which project time can have an impact on the performance of the project. Additionally, the cost of a project has an impact on the performance of the project through the processes of cost estimation, budgeting, and cost control. And finally, project quality effects positively on project performance and business overall performance through Based on the findings, it appears that the successful management of these four knowledge domains greatly improves the outcomes of the project. To be more specific, Scope Management ensures that the company's goals are aligned with the expectations of the organization, Time Management assists in meeting deadlines, Cost Management optimizes budgets, and Quality Management guarantees that high standards are maintained. Based on the findings of the study, it is concluded that combining these areas results in higher project performance, highlighting the crucial importance of these areas in projects involving the financial industry.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of social media, big data, and data mining on the development of organizational behavior within the telecommunications industry in Jordan. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of technological components on the alteration of organizational behavior in the communications sector of Jordan. To accomplish this objective, a thorough empirical investigation was undertaken, encompassing the collecting of data from key stakeholders within the telecommunications sector in Jordan. A sample size of 412 participants, encompassing people from diverse roles within the communications sector, was chosen for the purpose of this study. The participants' replies and perspectives were gathered via the administration of surveys and conducting interviews, resulting in a comprehensive data set suitable for analysis. This study investigated the intricate relationship between the utilization of social media, the application of big data analytics, and the implementation of data mining techniques in influencing the dynamics of organizational behavior. The study's results underscored the substantial impact that social media platforms have on communication patterns and collaboration within telecommunication firms. Furthermore, the utilization of big data analysis has emerged as a significant catalyst for the enhancement of informed decision-making processes, exerting influence on diverse facets of organizational behavior, including strategic planning, employee engagement, and customer interactions. Data mining techniques have been identified as having a crucial function in extracting significant patterns and trends from extensive datasets, hence helping to the improvement of organizational learning and adaptation. The research findings indicated that the incorporation of social media, big data, and data mining technologies had a beneficial effect on the development of organizational behavior within the telecommunications industry in Jordan. The findings underscore the importance for enterprises to proactively utilize these technologies to cultivate a work environment that is characterized by increased agility, responsiveness, and collaboration. This study provides significant contributions to the subject of organizational behavior by examining the impact of social media, big data, and data mining within the specific context of the telecommunication sector in Jordan. The research sheds light on the transformative consequences of these technological advancements. The consequences of these findings have broad relevance for organizational leaders, politicians, and researchers, serving as a basis for further investigations in the dynamic realm of technology-driven organizational behavior.

Abstract This study explores the impact of Internet addiction (IA), age, and essential and non-essential technology usage time on the physical and mental fatigue of adolescents. The research surveyed 477 adolescents from Qatar and employed the Internet Addiction Diagnostic Questionnaire (IADQ) and Chalder's Fatigue Scale for data collection. Multiple linear regression and Mann–Whitney U tests were utilized for analysis. The findings indicate that IA, non-essential usage time, and age are positively associated with overall fatigue among adolescents. IA and non-essential usage time are positively linked to physical fatigue, while IA, non-essential usage time, and age are positive predictors of mental fatigue. However, essential usage time is negatively associated with mental fatigue. These results highlight the importance of distinguishing technology usage based on intent and necessity, as well as differentiating between physical and mental fatigue when examining problematic technology usage. This study is among the few conducted in the Middle Eastern context.

هدفت الدراسة التعرف إلى درجة تطبيق الحاكمية المؤسسية وعلاقتها بشفافية القرارات التربوية لدى مديري مدارس مديرية التربية والتعليم للواء الرمثا. ولتحقيق هدف الدراسة تم استخدام المنهج الوصفي المسحي الإرتباطي، واختيار عينة عشوائية بسيطة تكونت من(325) معلما ومعلمة، طبق عليهم استبانة تكونت من محورين الأول قياس درجة تطبيق الحاكمية المؤسسية وتضمن ثلاثة مجالات هي (الشفافية، المشاركة، المساءلة)، وقد بلغ عدد فقراته (16) فقرة، أما المحور الثاني قياس درجة شفافية القرارات التربوية وتضمن أربعة مجالات هي (القرارات، والتشريعات، الإتصال الإداري، المساءلة الإدارية) وقد بلغ عدد فقراته (26) فقرة، وذلك بعد أن تم التحقق من صدقها وثباتها. وتوصلت الدراسة إلى أن درجة ممارسة مديري مدارس لواء الرمثا للحاكمية المؤسسية من وجهة نظر المعلمين مرتفعة في جميع المجالات، وتوصلت نتائج الدارسة إلى عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية تعزى لمتغير الجنس في درجة ممارسة مديري مدارس لواء الرمثا للحاكمية المؤسسية من وجهة نظر المعلمين، كما بينت النتائج عدم وجود فروق تعزى لسنوات الخبرة لجميع المجالات، كما أظهرت النتائج وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية تعزى لأثر متغيرات المؤهل العلمي وكانت لصالح المؤهل العلمي بكالوريس. وبينت نتائج الدراسة إلى أن مستوى شفافية القرارات التربوية لدى مديري المدارس لمديرية التربية والتعليم في لواء الرمثا من وجهة نظر المعلمين جاءت مرتفعة في جميع المجالات، ودلت نتائج الدراسة على عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في مستوى شفافية القرارات التربوية تعزى لأثر متغير الجنس في جميع المجالات والدرجة الكلية، كما بينت نتائج الدراسة وجود فروق تعزى لأثر المؤهل العلمي في جميع المجالات والدرجة الكلية وكانت لصالح المؤهل العلمي(بكالوريس)، بينما أظهرت نتائج الدراسة إلى عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية تعزى لمتغير سنوات الخبرة. وتوصلت نتائج الدراسة إلى وجود علاقة ارتباطية إيجابية طردية بين مجالات الحاكمية المؤسسية ومجالات شفافية القرارات التربوية

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and Spent Alkaline Batteries (SAB) are produced and accumulated in large quantities. The absence of a sustainable recycling route for these wastes amidst a circular economy era makes it important to find a potential coupling route of their waste streams into useful products. Herein, the behaviour of zinc, manganese, and iron were tracked through a thermodynamics calculation of the thermal treatment of PVC mixed with SAB followed with a thermodynamic assessment of the leaching of the pyrolysis residues. thermodynamics calculations suggest that zinc and manganese can be extracted with a percentage of up to 100% if PVC is thermally treated with water washed SAB under pyrolytic conditions at a temperature of 300 °C. The residues from the thermal treatment (rich in zinc and manganese chlorides) should be then water leached (pH = 5 – 6) to recover Zn2+ and Mn2+. Water washing of the SAB should help in suppressing the extraction of both sodium and potassium as they can be omitted from the reaction system when SAB is washed with water. However, the major drawback under the conditions above is that iron will still be extracted with zinc and manganese which can potentially cause complications in the separation at a further stage. Nonetheless, this work lays the foundation for further studies (theoretical and experimental) related to the extraction of zinc and manganese from SAB by means of thermally treating it with waste PVC.

The main objective of this study is to investigate the efficiency of coagulation-flocculation process for surface water treatment, using the conventional coagulants (ferric chloride (FeCl3) and polyferric sulphate (PFS)), magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), Fe-based metal-organic framework MIL-53(Fe), magnetic metal organic framework (MMOF), and evaluate the effect of combination of these coagulants on the coagulation process. MNPs were synthesized using the co-precipitation method and MIL-53(Fe) was synthesized using solvothermal process. The synthesized coagulants were characterized using point of zero charge (pHpzc), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) techniques. The point zero of charge pH (pHPZC) values for the prepared MNPs, MIL-53(Fe) and MMOF were for found to be 7.8, 5.0 and 3.0, respectively, while the respective surface area for MIL-53(Fe) and MMOF were 23.8 and 11.8 m2/g. In addition, pore sized MMOF was found to be 59.455 Å which is larger than that for MIL-53(Fe) (34.705 Å). The results obtained from this study revealed that turbidity removal exceeded 98 % when using 30 mg/L of FeCl3 at pH 7. The same removal efficiency required less dose of PFS (10 mg/L) at a pH 8.5. The combination of MNPs with FeCl3 enhanced the removal efficiency to more than 99 % at the optimized condition of FeCl3. However, using MIL-53(Fe) slightly enhanced the FeCl3 coagulation at low dosage (10 mg/L) at pH 7, whereas, MMOF recorded better enhancement for the FeCl3 coagulation at the same conditions, reaching up to 98 %. Moreover, the combination of PFS and MNPs provided the best coagulation performance with turbidity removal of more than 99 % at low dose and at pH 7.

Jordan's Dead Sea Transform is made up of three morphotectonic elements: Wadi Araba, Dead Sea Basin, and Jordan Valley. A few pressure ridges and depressions exist in the Jordan Valley Fault. Among these, the Tall Al Qarn pressure ridge is one of the active Dead Sea Transform's morphotectonic features. Stratigraphically, the Waqqas (Miocene), Ghor Al Katar (Early Pleistocene), and Lisan (Late Pleistocene) Formations constitute the rock outcrops in the study area. The ridge was created when the sinistral strike-slip fault of the Jordan Valley bent rightward. The major structures include the Waqqas and Ghor Al Katar inclined beds, the NW-SE oriented normal and NE-SW reverse faults and the ESE-WNW oriented dextral strike-slip faults. Faults and folds indicate a local NW-SE compressional stress caused by the sinistral Jordan Valley Fault's right bending. The steeply dipping Ghor Al Katar strata, which are overlain by the horizontal Lisan beds, display a prominent angular unconformity. Many horizontal Lisan beds exhibit abundant synsedimentary deformational features, indicating the energetic seismic activity at that time.

Abstract Background and objective Evidence for the treatment of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is lacking. Anakinra, which targets IL-1-mediated inflammation, is reserved for refractory cases of MIS-C; however, its use in the treatment of MIS-C is not clearly established. Patients and methods To examine a role for anakinra in MIS-C, we performed a single center observational cohort study of all MIS-C patients diagnosed at our children’s hospital from May 15 to November 15, 2020. Demographics, clinical features, diagnostic testing, and cardiac function parameters were compared between MIS-C patients treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) monotherapy and IVIG with anakinra (IVIG + anakinra). Results Among 46 patients with confirmed MIS-C, 32 (70%) were in the IVIG + anakinra group, of which 9 (28%) were also given corticosteroids (CS). No patients were treated with anakinra alone. MIS-C patients in the IVIG + anakinra group were enriched in a CV shock phenotype (p = 0.02), and those with CV shock were treated with higher doses of anakinra for a longer duration. Furthermore, MIS-C patients in the IVIG + anakinra group exhibited improvements in fever and cardiac function with or without CS. No significant adverse events were observed, and no differences in IL-1β levels were found among MIS-C patients in the IVIG + anakinra group. Conclusions Anakinra treatment, which was co-administered with IVIG primarily in patients with severe MIS-C, was associated with improvements in fever and cardiac function, and demonstrated a favorable side-effect profile. These findings suggest a role for adjunctive anakinra in the treatment of severe MIS-C.

Abstract Background This is one of the few studies that examines adolescent Internet addiction (IA) among Middle Eastern population. The purpose of this study is to determine whether adolescents’ family and school environments play a role in their Internet Addiction. Methods We conduced a survey that included 479 adolescents in Qatar. The survey collected demographic data, the Internet Addiction Diagnostic Questionnaire (IADQ), the Brief Family Relationship Scale (BFRS) and questions from the WHO Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey that assess school environment, academic performance, teacher support, and peer support of the adolescents. Factorial analysis, multiple regression, and logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. Results Family environment and school environment were negative and significant predictors of adolescent Internet addiction. The prevalence rate was 29.64%. Conclusion Results imply that interventions and digital parenting programs should not only target adolescents, but also include entities in the developmental environment of adolescents, i.e. their family and school.

هدفت الدراسة التعرف إلى مستوى الثقافة التنظيمية السائدة في مدارس التربية والتعليم لمحافظة جرش وعلاقتها بالاندماج الوظيفي للمعلمين، واعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج الوصفي المسحي الارتباطي، وتكونت عينة الدراسة من (367) معلما، منهم (165) ذكور، و(202) إناث، وتم اختيارهم بالطريقة العشوائية البسيطة وبنسبة (10%) من مجتمع الدراسة، وأظهرت نتائج الدراسة: أن مســـتوى الثقافة التنظيمية السائدة في مدارس التربية والتعليم لمحافظة جرش من وجهة نظر المعــــلمين جاء بتقدير مرتفع، وعدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية تعزى لمتغيرات الجنس وسنوات الخبرة والمؤهل العلمي في جميع المجالات وفي الدرجة الكلية، ووجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية تعزى لمتغير المرحلة الدراسية في جميع المجالات وفي الدرجة الكلية وجاءت الفروق لصالح المرحلة الأساسية، وأظهرت نتائج الدراسة أن مستوى الاندماج الوظيفي في مدارس التربية والتعليم لمحافظة جرش من وجهة نظر المعــــلمين جاء بتقدير مرتفع، وعدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في الاندماج الوظيفي تعزى لمتغيرات الجنس وسنوات الخبرة والمؤهل العلمي في جميع المجالات وفي الدرجة الكلية، ووجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى الدلالة تعزى لمتغير والمرحلة الدراسية في جميع المجالات وفي الدرجة الكلية، وجاءت الفروق لصالح المرحلة الأساسية، ووجود علاقة ارتباطية طردية ايجابية دالة إحصائيا بين مستوى الثقافة التنظيمية السائدة في مدارس التربية والتعليم لمحافظة جرش ومستوى الاندماج الوظيفي لدى المعلمين من وجهة نظرهم. وبناء على نتائج الدراسة توصي الباحثة بالحفاظ على المستوى المرتفع للثقافة التنظيمية والاندماج الوظيفي للمعلمين في مدارس التربية والتعليم لمحافظة جرش.

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic led to restrictions that prevented physical activity in public places. This study sought to conduct a comprehensive longitudinal analysis of how lockdown policies in an Arabian Gulf country influenced the patterns of physical activity during first wave.MethodsIn a longitudinal study design, members of the ongoing “Step into health” community-based health promotion program who provided valid pedometer data from January to August 2020, covering pre, during and post-covid first wave period met the inclusion criteria.Results420 (76.7% men, 13.8% ≤40 years) were included in the study. Overall, significant decline in daily step counts was recorded (−1,130 ± SE302) after the implementation of lockdown policies (p

IntroductionThe unprecedented impact of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has had profound implications on the ASD community, including disrupting daily life, increasing stress and emotional dysregulation in autistic children, and worsening individual and family well-being.MethodsThis study used quantitative and qualitative survey data from parents in Qatar (n=271), to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on autistic children and their families in Qatar. The questionnaire was a combination of open-ended (qualitative) and closed-ended (quantitative) questions to explore patterns in the experiences of the different families, as well as to contrive themes. The survey was created in a way to evaluate the psychological, academic/intervention, economic, and other impacts of the pandemic related measures on a sample of multicultural families residing in the State of Qatar during the peak period of confinement and physical distancing in 2020. Data acquisition involved the utilization of Google Forms. Subsequent quantitative analysis employed the SPSS software and chi-square analysis for numerical examination, enabling the characterization of the studied population and exploration of associations between parental stress levels and variables such as employment status, therapy accessibility, presence of hired assistance, and alterations in their childs skills. Concurrently, qualitative data from written responses underwent thorough categorization, encompassing themes such as emotional isolation, mental or financial challenges, and difficulties in obtaining support.ResultsParents expressed distress and disturbance in their daily lives, including profound disruptions to their childrens access to treatment, education, and activities. Most parents reported deteriorations in their childrens sleep (69.4%), behavioral regulation (52.8%), and acquired skills across multiple domains (54.2%). Parents also reported decreased access to family and social support networks, as well as decreased quality of clinical and community support. Qualitative analysis of parental responses revealed that child developmental regression was an important source of parental stress.Discussion and conclusionThe greater impact of the pandemic on autistic children and their families emphasizes the need for accessible and affordable health, education, and family services to manage their special needs.

The tourism and hospitality industry is considered one of the most vulnerable sectors during times of crises. The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic completely paralyzed this industry, drawing the attention of researchers specializing in this field. Scholars have investigated the pandemic from various perspectives. This study aims to identify gaps in the literature pertaining to this field, directing future research efforts to bridge these gaps and provide a framework for future research agendas. The study employed the Systematic Review Methodology, following the reporting checklist of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Scopus, Emerald, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar were searched using a protocol developed for this purpose. The identified records were exported to an Excel spreadsheet, which included all items for data extraction and analysis. The findings revealed a significant shift in the thematic focus and interest within tourism and hospitality research. The analysis yielded six major thematic areas: tourism transformation, sustainability, behavioral issues, technology, small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs), and tourism resilience. Furthermore, the study identified a gap in the current tourism literature and proposed a research agenda for tourism in the post COVID-19 era.