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PubMedID: 25733130 Deferasirox (commercially formulated as Exjade®) is one of the effective iron chelators used in treatment of iron overload diseases. In this study the effect of this substance for chromosome aberration, sister chromatid exchange and mitotic index was studied by in vitro (by using human peripheral lymphocytes) and in vivo (by using rat) analysis. Deferasirox increased the sister chromatid exchange frequency in all tested concentrations and periods in vitro. Also, in the presence of metabolic activator, the substance led to a statistically significant increase in the sister chromatid exchange frequencies only at high concentration. While in in vitro analysis the substance significantly increased abnormal cell percentages in all concentrations, in in vivo study the substance increased chromosome aberrations only in two concentrations at 12. h treatment. In the cultured lymphocytes, deferasirox showed cytotoxicity by significantly reducing proliferation index and mitotic index values. While in the presence of metabolic activation it did not affect the proliferation index frequency, it had a stimulant effect on the mitotic index frequency. Deferasirox reduced significantly the mitotic index value in the bone marrow cells especially in high concentration and short treatment period (12. h). © 2015 Elsevier B.V. UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, University Grants Commission We wish to thank the Cukurova University Scientific Research Commission for supporting our study through project grants no. FEF2010D11 . We would like to thank Ebrahim Valipour for helping to edit our manuscript language carefully.

PubMedID: 18692594 Cyfluthrin (CAS no. 68359-37-5), a synthetic fluorinated pyrethroid insecticide, is widely used in the home environment and in agriculture because of its high activity against a broad spectrum of insect pests and its low animal toxicity. There are no adequate data on genotoxic effects of cyfluthrin. The aim of this study was to analyze the potential genotoxic effects of cyfluthrin. The genotoxicity of cyfluthrin was evaluated, in vitro, by assessing the ability of the insecticide to induce gene mutation (evaluated using the Ames/microsome test), chromosomal aberrations (CA), sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and micronucleus (MN) formation in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Additionally, CAs and cytotoxicity induced by cyfluthrin were investigated in rat (Rattus norvegicus var. Albinos) bone-marrow cells to assess in vivo genotoxicity of cyfluthrin. The counts of reverse mutations in Salmonella typhimurium were not significantly increased (P > 0.05). The frequency of CAs in human lymphocytes, treated with any concentration of cyfluthrin (500, 1000 or 2000 µg/ml) for a 24-h period, was not significantly increased (P > 0.05). In contrast, CA was significantly increased for the highest two concentrations (1000 and 2000 µg/ml) in the 48-h treatment group compared with the control group (dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO). Micronucleus formation was significantly (P < 0.05) increased for all doses after the 48-h treatment, although the frequency of SCE did not increase significantly (P > 0.05). Mitotic index (MI), proliferation index (PI) and nuclear division index (NDI) decreased significantly (P < 0.05) due to the potential cytotoxicity of cyfluthrin, especially after the 48-h treatment period. The frequency of chromosome aberrations in bone-marrow cells of rats treated with the test substance increased significantly (P < 0.05) for all doses (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg body weight) for the two treatment periods (12 and 24 h) and the two administration routes, viz. intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) and oral gavage (gvg). In vivo cytotoxicity of cyfluthrin was detected only after administration by gavage for the 24-h treatment period. All these findings were not dose-dependent. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

PubMedID: 18338376 Potassium metabisulfite (PMB) is used as an antimicrobial substance in many kinds of foods. In the present study, the effects of PMB on chromosome aberrations (CAs), sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs), and micronucleus (MN) formation in human lymphocytes and as well as its effect on CAs in bone marraw cells of rats were investigated. The human lymphocytes were treated with 25, 50, 100, and 200 ng/ml of PMB for 24 and 48 hr. PMB was also intraperitoneally (ip) injected to the rats as a single dose of 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) for 12 and 24 hr before sacrifice. PMB induced abnormalities such as structural and numerical (total) CAs, SCEs, and MN formations in a dose dependent manner in the lymphocytes of the 24-and 48-hr treatment periods. In addition, PMB showed a cytotoxic effect by decreasing the replication index (RI), mitotic index (MI) and nuclear division index (NDI) in a dose dependent manner in human lymphocytes. The compound induced CA as well and decreased the MI in bone marrow cells of rats. It might be concluded that PMB had a high genotoxic and cytotoxic risk. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

The aim of this study was to investigate the mutagenic and antimutagenic effects of Ecballium elaterium (EE) fruit juice, which has an anti-inflammatory effect, using in vitro human peripheral lymphocytes. To investigate the mutagenic effects of the EE fruit juice, human peripheral lymphocytes were treated with three doses (18, 36, and 72 µl/l) of fruit juice alone for 24 and 48 h. For investigating the antimutagenic effects of the EE fruit juice, the human lymphocytes were also treated with the mixture of the fruit juice and 0.25 µg/ml MMC. The EE fruit juice induced the percentage of total CA when used alone (especially the percentage of structural CA than the percentage of the numerical CA) and synergically induced the percentage of total CA when used as a mixture with MMC. The EE fruit juice did not affect the SCE frequency for 24 and 48 h treatment time. In contrast, EE and MMC as a mixture sinergically induced the SCE frequency at the highest concentration for 48 h treatment time only. EE alone did not decrease the RI while it decreased the MI in a dose-dependent manner. EE and MMC as a mixture have a higher cytotoxic effect than the cytotoxic effects of EE alone. As a result, it can be concluded that EE had no antimutagenic effect while EE had a mutagenic and a cytotoxic effect in human peripheral lymphocytes. © Pleiades Publishing, Inc., 2006. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This study was supported by the C.U. Research Fund, project no. FEF2002BAP17.

WOS: 000223950300005, PubMed ID: 15478947, In the present study, the genotoxic effects of the low-calorie sweetener aspartame (ASP), which is a dipeptide derivative, was investigated using chromosome aberration (CA) test, sister chromatid exchange (SCE) test, micronucleus test in human lymphocytes and also Ames/Salmonella/ microsome test. ASP induced CAs at all concentrations (500, 1000 and 2000 mug/ml) and treatment periods (24 and 48 h) dose-dependently, while it did not induce SCEs. On. the other hand, ASP decreased the replication index (RI) only at the highest concentration for 48 h treatment period. However, ASP decreased the mitotic index (MI) at all concentrations and treatment periods dose-dependently. In addition, ASP induced micronuclei at the highest concentrations only. This induction was also dose-dependent for 48 hours treatment period. ASP was not mutagenic for Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA 100 strains in the absence and presence of S9 mix.