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Objectives: People living with HIV (PLWH) are a risk group for severe symptoms and higher mortality during COVID-19. We analyzed the dynamic rise of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence induced by coinfections and vaccinations in PLWH in the first three years of the pandemic in Germany and compared it with corresponding data available for the general population. Methods: Each month on average 93 blood samples from the German HIV-1 Seroconverter Cohort, a prospective longitudinal multicenter study that includes PLWH whose date of seroconversion is well defined, were received. The samples from 1569 PLWH were tested for the presence of anti-S1 and if positive, also for anti-N antibodies. Results: In 2020 the number of anti-S1 positive cases/month was between 0.0 and 6.9% (average 1.6%). Since then the anti-S1 prevalence increased reaching already 35% (33/94) in May 2021. At that time 3.2% of the cases were also anti-N positive. In 2022 the average anti-S1 seroprevalence reached 97.5%. In the vaccination era a positive anti-N response was associated with a younger age and females were overrepresented among anti-S1/anti-N negative samples (assuming no vaccination or infection). Conclusions: The average 1.6% anti-S1 seroprevalence in the cohort in 2020 was comparable to that in the general population (1.3%). The increase in anti-S1 seroprevalence in the first half of 2021 occurred slightly earlier. This increase was likely caused by the prioritization of PLWH at the early stage of the vaccination campaign and by infections during the third wave of the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Escherichia coli is the normal flora of the human and animal intestine that sometimes causes pathogenesis within the intestine and urinary tract. The current study investigates resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolated from the toilets at the Islamic Azad University of Mashhad, Iran, and to perform genome sequencing in tetracyclineresistant strains. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional evaluation was carried out on 200 samples collected over three months. Samples were cultured and isolated using eosin methylene blue agar medium (EMB). E. coli Samples were identified and used to evaluate the resistance genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The E. coli isolates were used for an Antibiogram test to identify resistant strains. For the statistical analysis of antibiotics pattern, SPSS-22 and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test were used. Results: Out of 200 samples, 41 isolates were identified as E. coli with the highest resistance rate to cefotaxime (74.60%) and the highest sensitivity rate to gentamicin (58.74%). Among the 20 isolates, 30%, 20%, 25% carried blaTEM-1, blaOXA-10 and blaOXA-48 genes, respectively. Among 38 tetracycline-resistant isolates, three isolates (7.89%) had tetA gene, and two (5.26%) had the tetR gene. Conclusion: In this experiment, most of the isolates were identified as E. coli and were resistant to antibiotics. To control the spread of E. coli infectious disease and arbitrary use of antibiotics, it is recommended to conduct some educational programs and social activities with the aim of increasing health awareness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The retinoid (10mM) increased viral reactivation mediated by IL-15 to a similar extent as HODHBt (100mM) but unlike HODHBt, specifically promoted cell death of latently infected cells compared to controls when combined with IL-15. This indicates that the retinoid is able to reactivate latent HIV through a mechanism mediated by IL-15 but not directly dependent on STAT5 phosphorylation. Among the clinically relevant latency reversing agents (LRA) under investigation, IL-15 or the IL-15 superagonist N-803 have been shown to reactivate latent HIV I ex vivo i and I in vivo i . [Extracted from the article]

This article contains index that contains name of diffrent author .

The article a list of European AIDS Clinical Society's author Index in which authors including D, Alber; K, Andrusko-Furphy; and OV, Adeniyi.

ORAL ABSTRACT Pharmacological enhancement of IL‐15 signaling to improve “shock‐and‐kill” strategies against latent HIV J.N. Howard[sup.1], A. Bosque[sup.1] [sup.1]George Washington University, Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine, Washington DC, United States [...]