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5. Hospital-level volume in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation cases and death or disability at 6 months

Author

Hodgson, Carol, Fulcher, Bentley, Linke, Natalie, Board, Jasmin, Buhr, Heidi, Cooper, Jamie, Fraser, John, Bernard, Stephen, Brodie, Daniel, Pilcher, David, Fan, Eddy, Udy, Andrew, Gattas, David, Pellegrino, Vincent, Hopper, Ingrid, Litton, Ed, Nair, Priya, Orford, Neil, Parke, Rachael, Stub, Dion, Higgins, Alisa M., Burrell, Aidan, McGuiness, Shay, Reddi, Benjamin, Trapani, Tony, Huckson, Sue, Anderson, Shannah, Dicker, Craig, Jones, Annalie, Martin, Emma, McCracken, Phoebe, Sheldrake, Jayne, Vallance, Shirley, Young, Meredith, Bellomo, Rinaldo, Eastwood, Glenn, Hilton, Andrew, Peck, Leah, Dyett, John, Hunter, Stephanie, Liew, Cheelim, Heard, Joshua, Lijo, Sebastian, Nourse, Mary, Rai, Sumeet, Singh, Manoj, Veerendra, Hemanth, Xu, Tina, Barrett, Jonathan, Brooks, Kyle, Hanlon, Gabrielle, Allen, Chris, Bizzell, Samantha, Eroglu, Ege, Palermo, Annamaria, Pellicano, Susan, Bersten, Andrew, Bihari, Shailesh, Brown, Julia, Comerford, Sharon, Grear, Laura, McIntyre, Joanne, Jin, Xia, Wiersema, Ubbo, Figures, Dee, Gough, Maimoonbe, Pitman, Julie, Tallott, Mandy, Winearls, James, Brieva, Jorge, Hopkins, Madeleine, Jayarman, Nanda, Poulter, Amber-Louise, Quarello, Kate, Aneman, Anders, Austin, Danielle, McCanny, Peter, Miller, Jennene, Murfin, Brendan, Cox, Yolanda, Guo, Stephanie, Shehabi, Yayha, Brown, Amanda, Butt, Pamela, Bushell, Rachel, Lavana, Jayshree, Lockwood, Dawn, Pearce, India, Salt, Gavin, Thambiraj, Solomon, Howard, Meg, Joyce, Chris, Meyer, Jason, Walsham, James, Brown, Nerissa, Glasby, Kathleen, O'Connor, Stephanie, Rivett, Justine, Yap, Joannies, Bristow, Debra, Pincus, Jason, Stuart, Janine, Anstey, James, Barge, Deborah, Butler, Menoly, Gebbie, Bradley, Bass, Frances, Janin, Pierre, Hammond, Naomi, Potger, Kieron, Yarad, Elizabeth, Carey, Ruaidhri, Coles, Jennifer, Totaro, Richard, Anstey, Matthew, Endemann, Anthadene, Hardy, Sarah, Popa, Roxana, Richards, Stephen, Rock, Lara, Wibrow, Bradley, Barbazza, Leanne, Dixon, Barry, Holmes, Jennifer, Hurune, Patricia, O'Brien, Yvette, Buscher, Hergen, Newman, Sally, Reynolds, Claire, Henson, Gail, Senthuran, Siva, Win, April, Breguet, Samantha, Horton, Michelle, McCaffrey, Joe, Trickey, Jemma, Bannerjee, Ashoke, Davidson, Benjamin, Joy, Jenyfer, Kong, Jing, Ertugrul, Atacan D., Neto, Ary Serpa, Fulcher, Bentley J., Charles-Nelson, Anaïs, Bailey, Michael, Burrell, Aidan J.C., Board, Jasmin V., Cooper, D. James, Fraser, John F., Gattas, David J., Hopper, Ingrid K., Linke, Natalie J., Litton, Edward, McGuinness, Shay P., Parke, Rachael L., Pellegrino, Vincent A., Pilcher, David V., Udy, Andrew A., Reddi, Benjamin A.J., Trapani, Tony V., and Hodgson, Carol L.

Published
2024
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7. Complications associated with prone positioning in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients: A multicentre, retrospective observational study

Author

Rollinson, Thomas C., McDonald, Luke A., Rose, Joleen, Eastwood, Glenn, Costa-Pinto, Rahul, Modra, Lucy, Akinori, Maeda, Bacolas, Zoe, Anstey, James, Bates, Samantha, Bradley, Scott, Dumbrell, Jodi, French, Craig, Ghosh, Angaj, Haines, Kimberley, Haydon, Tim, Hodgson, Carol L., Holmes, Jennifer, Leggett, Nina, McGain, Forbes, Moore, Cara, Nelson, Kathleen, Presneill, Jeffrey, Rotherham, Hannah, Said, Simone, Young, Meredith, Zhao, Peinan, Udy, Andrew, Serpa Neto, Ary, Chaba, Anis, and Bellomo, Rinaldo

Published
2025
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9. How often are infusion sets for central venous catheters changed in Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Units? A point prevalence survey

Author

Hammond, Naomi, Freeman-Sanderson, Amy, Ganu, Subodh, Howe, Belinda, Litton, Ed, Mackle, Diane, Saxena, Manoj, Seppelt, Ian, Towns, Miriam, Yarad, Elizabeth, Knowles, Serena, Gao, Annie, Li, Yang, Myburgh, John, Nangla, Conrad, Butt, Fatima, Duke, Graeme, Hunter, Stephanie, Evans, Julie, Parker, Dianne, Loughnan, Clare, Thomas, Blessy, Gilder, Eileen, Robertson, Melissa, McMahon, Ellie, Ali, Farisha, Cowdrey, Keri-Anne, McArthur, Colin, Chen, Yan, Simmonds, Catherine, McConnochie, Rachael, O'Connor, Caroline, El-Khawas, Khaled, Hill, Dianne, Cattigan, Claire, Horton, Michelle, Trickey, Jemma, Knott, Cameron, Smith, Julie, Boschert, Catherine, Sara, Treena, Nand, Kiran, Ramanan, Mahesh, Marella, Prashanti, Affleck, Julia, Simpson, Shannon, Ellem, Katrina, McKenna, Toni, Nourse, Mary, Leung, Kristine, Edmunds, Tash, McDonald, Bree, Mehrtens, Jan, Cross, Rosalba, Wong, Helen, Twardowski, Pawel, France, Dawn, Hanlon, Gabrielle, Barrett, Jonathan, Palermo, Annamaria, Pellicano, Susan, Eroglu, Ege, Bihari, Shailesh, Brown, Julia, Grear, Laura, Jin, Xia, French, Craig, Bates, Samantha, Marshall, Fiona, McEldrew, Rebecca, McCullough, James, Tallott, Mandy, Gough, Maimoonbe, Nalos, Marek, Younger, Laura, Krishnamurphy, Ravi, Trent, Louise, How, Janet, Stuart, Anne, Chadwick, Llesley, Bhadange, Neeraj, Tyler, Steven, Sosnowski, Kellie, Morrison, Lynette, Sutton, Joanne, Soar, Natalie, Lee, David, Doyle, Marina, Jongebloed, Katherine, Finnis, Mackenzie, Wilson, Jane, Williams, Tony, Song, Rima, Lai, Vivian, Girijadevi, Dinu, Habraken, Hannah, Browne, Alex, Koelle, Jette, McNab, Charlotte, Masters, Kristy, Gresham, Rebecca, Lowrey, Julie, Whitehead, Christina, Liang, Janet, Harward, Meg, Jones, Cassie, Peake, Sandra, Williams, Tricia, Kurenda, Catherine, Tabah, Alexis, Duroux, Maree, Warhurst, Timothy, Ratcliffe, Megan, Pollock, Hamish, Baker, Stuart, Sonawane, Ravikiran, O'Connor, Stephanie, Brown, Nerissa, Glasby, Kathleen, Rivett, Justine, Campbell, Lewis, Tabuzo, Vera, Smyth, Kirsty, Bass, Frances, O'Connor, Anne, Leonard, Anton, Waterson, Sharon, Coles, Jennifer, Buhr, Heidi, Newman, Duncan, Boorawong, Piyaporn, Bregolin, Vanessa, Yun, Ji-Hyun, Anstey, Matthew, Rock, Lara, Endemann, Anthadene, Lo, Wei, Ferrier, Janet, Reynolds, Claire, Santamaria, John, Holmes, Jennifer, Beca, John, Sherring, Claire, Garrett, Peter, Murray, Lauren, Brailsford, Jane, Browne, Troy, Goodson, Jennifer, Udy, Andrew, Young, Meredith, Board, Jasmin, McCracken, Phoebe, Martin, Emma-Leah, Martynoga, Robert, Butler, Amelia, Trask, Kara, Olatunji, Shaanti, Cruz, Rhoze Sol, Cruz, Raulle Sol, Navarra, Leanlove, Delaney, Kirsha, Lesona, Eden, Young, Chelsea, Spring, Amelia, Aguilar, April, Young, Paul, Law, Erin, Anstey, Matthew H., Maxwell, Nicky, Rickard, Claire M., Hammond, Naomi E., and McGain, Forbes

Published
2024
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10. Neuromuscular blockade and oxygenation changes during prone positioning in COVID-19

Author

Rollinson, Thomas C., McDonald, Luke A., Rose, Joleen, Eastwood, Glenn, Costa-Pinto, Rahul, Modra, Lucy, Maeda, Akinori, Bacolas, Zoe, Anstey, James, Bates, Samantha, Bradley, Scott, Dumbrell, Jodi, French, Craig, Ghosh, Angaj, Haines, Kimberley, Haydon, Tim, Hodgson, Carol L., Holmes, Jennifer, Leggett, Nina, McGain, Forbes, Moore, Cara, Nelson, Kathleen, Presneill, Jeffrey, Rotherham, Hannah, Said, Simone, Young, Meredith, Zhao, Peinan, Udy, Andrew, Neto, Ary Serpa, Chaba, Anis, and Bellomo, Rinaldo

Published
2024
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13. How much do we throw away in the intensive care unit? An observational point prevalence study of Australian and New Zealand ICUs

Author

Hammond, Naomi, Knowles, Serena, Freeman-Sanderson, Amy, Ganu, Subodh, Howe, Belinda, Litton, Ed, Mackle, Diane, Saxena, Manoj, Seppelt, Ian, Towns, Miriam, Yarad, Elizabeth, Hammond, Gao, Annie, Li, Yang, Myburgh, John, Nangla, Conrad, Butt, Fatima, Duke, Graeme, Hunter, Stephanie, Evans, Julie, Parker, Dianne, Loughnan, Clare, Thomas, Blessy, Gilder, Eileen, Robertson, Melissa, McMahon, Ellie, Ali, Farisha, Cowdrey, Keri-Anne, McArthur, Colin, Chen, Yan, Simmonds, Catherine, McConnochie, Rachael, O'Connor, Caroline, El-Khawas, Khaled, Hill, Dianne, Cattigan, Claire, Horton, Michelle, Trickey, Jemma, Knott, Cameron, Smith, Julie, Boschert, Catherine, Sara, Treena, Nand, Kiran, Ramanan, Mahesh, Marella, Prashanti, Affleck, Julia, Simpson, Shannon, Ellem, Katrina, McKenna, Toni, Nourse, Mary, Leung, Kristine, Edmunds, Tash, McDonald, Bree, Mehrtens, Jan, Cross, Rosalba, Wong, Helen, Twardowski, Pawel, France, Dawn, Hanlon, Gabrielle, Barrett, Jonathan, Palermo, Annamaria, Pellicano, Susan, Eroglu, Ege, Bihari, Shailesh, Brown, Julia, Grear, Laura, Jin, Xia, French, Craig, Bates, Samantha, Marshall, Fiona, McEldrew, Rebecca, McCullough, James, Tallott, Mandy, Gough, Maimoonbe, Nalos, Marek, Younger, Laura, Krishnamurphy, Ravi, Trent, Louise, How, Janet, Stuart, Anne, Chadwick, Llesley, Bhadange, Neeraj, Tyler, Steven, Sosnowski, Kellie, Morrison, Lynette, Sutton, Joanne, Soar, Natalie, Lee, David, Doyle, Marina, Jongebloed, Katherine, Finnis, Mackenzie, Wilson, Jane, Williams, Tony, Song, Rima, Lai, Vivian, Girijadevi, Dinu, Habraken, Hannah, Browne, Alex, Koelle, Jette, McNab, Charlotte, Masters, Kristy, Gresham, Rebecca, Lowrey, Julie, Whitehead, Christina, Liang, Janet, Harward, Meg, Jones, Cassie, Peake, Sandra, Williams, Tricia, Kurenda, Catherine, Tabah, Alexis, Duroux, Maree, Warhurst, Timothy, Ratcliffe, Megan, Pollock, Hamish, Baker, Stuart, Sonawane, Ravikiran, O'Connor, Stephanie, Brown, Nerissa, Glasby, Kathleen, Rivett, Justine, Campbell, Lewis, Tabuzo, Vera, Smyth, Kirsty, Bass, Frances, O'Connor, Anne, Leonard, Anton, Waterson, Sharon, Coles, Jennifer, Buhr, Heidi, Newman, Duncan, Boorawong, Piyaporn, Bregolin, Vanessa, Yun, Ji-Hyun, Anstey, Matthew, Rock, Lara, Endemann, Anthadene, Lo, Wei, Ferrier, Janet, Reynolds, Claire, Santamaria, John, Holmes, Jennifer, Beca, John, Sherring, Claire, Garrett, Peter, Murray, Lauren, Brailsford, Jane, Browne, Troy, Goodson, Jennifer, Udy, Andrew, Young, Meredith, Board, Jasmin, McCracken, Phoebe, Martin, Emma-Leah, Martynoga, Robert, Butler, Amelia, Trask, Kara, Olatunji, Shaanti, Cruz, Rhoze Sol, Cruz, Raulle Sol, Navarra, Leanlove, Delaney, Kirsha, Lesona, Eden, Young, Chelsea, Spring, Amelia, Aguilar, April, Young, Paul, Law, Erin, Anstey, Matthew H., Bhonagiri, Deepak, Hammond, Naomi E., and McGain, Forbes

Published
2023
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15. T-cell and antibody responses to first BNT162b2 vaccine dose in previously infected and SARS-CoV-2-naive UK health-care workers: a multicentre prospective cohort study

Author

Harding, Adam, Watson, Adam, Shields, Adrian, Angyal, Adrienn, Alhussni, Ahmed, Richter, Alex, Nicols, Alexander, Deeks, Alexandra, Webb-Bridges, Alice, Cross, Andrew, Ogbe, Ane, Jämsén, Anni, Brown, Anthony, Chawla, Anu, Dold, Christina, Duncan, Christopher, Conlon, Christopher, Skelly, Donal, O'Donnell, Denise, Barnes, Eleanor, Adland, Emily, Weeks, Esme, Sandhar, Gurjinder, Hornsby, Hailey, Brown, Helen, Mehta, Hema, Abuelgasim, Hibatullah, Xiao, Huiyuan, Austin, James, Spegarova, Jarmila, Holmes, Jennifer, Haworth, Jenny, Tyerman, Jessica, Frater, John, Kilby, Jonathan, Cutteridge, Joseph, Jeffery, Katie, Lillie, Katy, Turtle, Lance, Romaniuk, Leigh, Denly, Lucy, Hering, Luisa, Ansari, M. Azim, Pace, Matthew, Chand, Meera, Carroll, Miles, Ali, Mohammad, Kasanyinga, Mwila, Meardon, Naomi, Gillson, Natalie, Rongkard, Patpong, Klenerman, Paul, Goulder, Philip, Matthews, Philippa, Whitham, Rachel, Brown, Rebecca, Payne, Rebecca, Wilson, Robert, Rowland-Jones, Sarah, Thomas, Sarah, Moore, Shona, Gardiner, Siobhan, Longet, Stephanie, Tucker, Stephanie, Dobson, Sue, Hopkins, Susan, Dunachie, Susanna, Adlou, Syed, de Silva, Thushan, Tipton, Tom, Hall, Victoria, James, William, Lawrie, Allan, Smith, Nikki, Turton, Helena, Zawia, Amira, Bayley, Martin, Fairman, Alex, Harrington, Kate, Kirk, Rosemary, Marsh, Louise, Watson, Lisa, Wood, Steven, Diffey, Benjamin, Jones, Chris, Lett, Lauren, Platt, Gareth, Subramaniam, Krishanthi, Wootton, Daniel, Payne, Brendan, Hambleton, Sophie, Kelly, Sinead, Marston, Judith, Poolan, Sonia, Turner, Dianne, Haniffa, Muzlifah, Stephenson, Emily, Adele, Sandra, Akhter, Hossain Delowar, Chinnakannan, Senthil, de Lara, Catherine, Donnison, Timothy, Hackstein, Carl-Philipp, Lee, Lian, Lim, Nicholas, Malone, Tom, Phillips, Eloise, Ramamurthy, Narayan, Robinson, Nichola, Sampson, Oliver, Eyre, David, Simmons, Beatrice, Stafford, Lizzie, Mentzer, Alexander, Amini, Ali, Arancibia-Cárcamo, Carolina, Provine, Nicholas, Travis, Simon, Dimitriadis, Stavros, Johnson, Sile, Foulkes, Sarah, Khawam, Jameel, Wellington, Edgar, Gilbert-Jaramillo, Javier, Knight, Michael, Dupont, Maeva, Horner, Emily, Thaventhiran, James, Chalk, Jeremy, Moore, Shona C, Payne, Rebecca P, Hering, Luisa M, Dobson, Sue L, Kilby, Jonathan A, Tyerman, Jessica K, Nicols, Alexander R, Spegarova, Jarmila S, Conlon, Christopher P, Ansari, M Azim, Matthews, Philippa C, Rowland-Jones, Sarah L, Duncan, Christopher J A, and de Silva, Thushan I

Published
2022
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16. Immunogenicity of standard and extended dosing intervals of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine

Author

Abuelgasim, Hibatullah, Adland, Emily, Adlou, Syed, Akther, Hossain Delowar, Alhussni, Ahmed, Ali, Mohammad, Ansari, M. Azim, Arancibia-Cárcamo, Carolina V., Bayley, Martin, Brown, Helen, Chalk, Jeremy, Chand, Meera, Chawla, Anu, Chinnakannan, Senthil, Cutteridge, Joseph, de Lara, Catherine, Denly, Lucy, Diffey, Ben, Dimitriadis, Stavros, Drake, Thomas M., Donnison, Timothy, Dupont, Maeva, Eyre, David, Fairman, Alex, Gardiner, Siobhan, Gilbert-Jarmillo, Javier, Goulder, Philip, Hackstein, Carl-Philipp, Hambleton, Sophie, Haniffa, Muzlifah, Haworth, Jenny, Holmes, Jennifer, Horner, Emily, Jämsén, Anni, Johnson, Sile, Jones, Chris, Kasanyinga, Mwila, Kelly, Sinead, Kirk, Rosemary, Knight, Michael L., Lawrie, Allan, Lee, Lian, Lett, Lauren, Lillie, Katy, Lim, Nicholas, Mehta, Hema, Mentzer, Alexander J., O’Donnell, Denise, Ogbe, Ane, Pace, Matthew, Payne, Brendan A.I., Platt, Gareth, Poolan, Sonia, Provine, Nicholas, Ramamurthy, Narayan, Robinson, Nichola, Romaniuk, Leigh, Rongkard, Patpong, Sampson, Oliver L., Simmons, Beatrice, Spegarova, Jarmila S., Stephenson, Emily, Subramaniam, Kris, Thaventhiran, James, Thomas, Sarah, Travis, Simon, Tucker, Stephanie, Turton, Helena, Watson, Adam, Watson, Lisa, Weeks, Esme, Wilson, Robert, Wood, Steven, Wright, Rachel, Xiao, Huiyuan, Zawia, Amira A.T., Payne, Rebecca P., Longet, Stephanie, Austin, James A., Skelly, Donal T., Dejnirattisai, Wanwisa, Adele, Sandra, Meardon, Naomi, Faustini, Sian, Al-Taei, Saly, Moore, Shona C., Tipton, Tom, Hering, Luisa M., Angyal, Adrienn, Brown, Rebecca, Nicols, Alexander R., Gillson, Natalie, Dobson, Susan L., Amini, Ali, Supasa, Piyada, Cross, Andrew, Bridges-Webb, Alice, Reyes, Laura Silva, Linder, Aline, Sandhar, Gurjinder, Kilby, Jonathan A., Tyerman, Jessica K., Altmann, Thomas, Hornsby, Hailey, Whitham, Rachel, Phillips, Eloise, Malone, Tom, Hargreaves, Alexander, Shields, Adrian, Saei, Ayoub, Foulkes, Sarah, Stafford, Lizzie, Wootton, Daniel G., Conlon, Christopher P., Jeffery, Katie, Matthews, Philippa C., Frater, John, Deeks, Alexandra S., Pollard, Andrew J., Brown, Anthony, Rowland-Jones, Sarah L., Mongkolsapaya, Juthathip, Barnes, Eleanor, Hopkins, Susan, Hall, Victoria, Dold, Christina, Duncan, Christopher J.A., Richter, Alex, Carroll, Miles, Screaton, Gavin, de Silva, Thushan I., Turtle, Lance, Klenerman, Paul, and Dunachie, Susanna

Published
2021
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22. The Criminal Justice System Response to Intimate Partner Stalking: a Systematic Review of Quantitative and Qualitative Research

Author

Backes, Bethany L., Fedina, Lisa, and Holmes, Jennifer Lynne

Subjects
Online databases, Criminal justice, Administration of, Qualitative research, Online database, Family and marriage
Abstract

Intimate partner stalking (IPS) is a significant public health and public safety issue, yet it remains a largely understudied area especially related to effective practices for victim engagement and response. This study uses systematic review methods to assess the range of criminal justice responses to IPS victimization and the extent to which these responses are successful in promoting survivor safety, well-being, and justice. Multiple scholarly and gray-literature databases were searched to locate studies on criminal justice responses to IPS. Over 336 records were reviewed dating back to 1993 and screened for inclusion in the study, resulting in a final sample size of 22 studies. Findings identify both formal and informal strategies used by the criminal justice system to address IPS. However, pervasive barriers exist including a lack of knowledge and training on stalking, difficulties in investigation and prosecution, and negative perceptions of victims. Successful strategies for mitigating IPS were linked to increased training of law enforcement and prosecution and the granting and enforcement of civil protective orders. Complexity of charging decisions was identified as a challenge for criminal justice entities and methodological and definitional issues make stalking a difficult area to study. Despite numerous barriers in effectively responding to victims of IPS, recommendations for improving responses across the criminal justice system include enhanced training and periodic refreshers across criminal justice entities, coordinated reviews of IPS cases, and better incorporation of the stalker's criminal history to strategically pursue charges., Author(s): Bethany L. Backes [sup.1], Lisa Fedina [sup.2], Jennifer Lynne Holmes [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.170430.1, 0000 0001 2159 2859, Department of Criminal Justice, University of Central Florida, , 4000 [...]

Published
2020
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25. Utilising routine clinical laboratory data to support quality improvement in health care: Application of a national acute kidney injury alert system as a proof of concept.

Author

Holmes, Jennifer, Higginson, Ray, Geen, John, and Phillips, Aled

Subjects
*MEDICAL quality control, *ACUTE kidney failure, *STATISTICAL process control, *PATHOLOGICAL laboratories, *PROOF of concept, *DATA quality
Abstract

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a global health issue known to cause avoidable harm and death. Improvement in its prevention and management is therefore considered an important goal for the health-care sector. The work here aimed to develop a tool which could be used to robustly and reliably measure, monitor, and compare the effectiveness of health-care interventions related to AKI across the Welsh NHS, a mechanism which did not exist previously. Methods: Using serum creatinine (SCr) as a biomarker for AKI and a validated national data-set collected from the all Wales Laboratory Information Management System, work involved applying Donabedian's framework to develop indicators with which to measure outcomes related to AKI, and exploring the potential of statistical process control (SPC) techniques for analysing data on these indicators. Results: Rate of AKI incidence and 30-day AKI-associated mortality are proposed as valid, feasible indicators with which to measure the effectiveness of health-care interventions related to AKI. The control chart, funnel plot, and Pareto chart are proposed as appropriate, robust SPC techniques to analyse and visualise variation in AKI-related outcomes. Conclusions: This work demonstrates that routinely collected large SCr data offer a significant opportunity to monitor and therefore inform improvement in patient outcomes related to AKI. Moreover, while this work concerns utilisation of SCr data for improvement in AKI strategies, it is a proof of concept which could be replicated for other routinely collected clinical laboratory data, to improve the prevention and/or management of the conditions to which they relate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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31. Validation of Measures of Cyberbullying Perpetration and Victimization in Emerging Adulthood

Author

Lee, Jungup, Abell, Neil, and Holmes, Jennifer L.

Abstract

Objective: Cyber bullying represents a new and alarming form of bullying that potentially leads to serious and long-lasting consequences for young people; yet, there is a dearth of research on the assessment of cyberbullying behaviors among emerging adults. Thus, this study aims to close this gap by assessing the development and validation of the cyberbullying behavior scales for application in social work research and practice settings. Methods: Two scales, cyberbullying perpetration (CBP) and cyberbullying victimization (CBV), were validated using a purposive sample of 286 undergraduate students aged 18 to 25. Results: Both CBP and CBV scales showed excellent reliability (a = 0.93 for CBP and a = 0.95 for CBV), good fit, and strong convergent validity. Conclusions: The cyberbullying behavior scales provide valid and reliable measures of emerging adults' bullying behaviors. Implications for further social work research and practice are discussed.

Published
2017
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38. Immunization of turkeys with Clostridium septicum alpha toxin-based recombinant subunit proteins can confer protection against experimental Clostridial dermatitis.

Author

John, Feba Ann, Criollo, Valeria, Gaghan, Carissa, Armwood, Abigail, Holmes, Jennifer, Thachil, Anil J., Crespo, Rocio, and Kulkarni, Raveendra R.

Subjects
RECOMBINANT proteins, IMMUNOGLOBULINS, NECROTIC enteritis, CLOSTRIDIUM, SKIN inflammation, IMMUNIZATION, GENE expression
Abstract

Clostridial dermatitis (CD), caused by Clostridium septicum, is an emerging disease of increasing economic importance in turkeys. Currently, there are no effective vaccines for CD control. Here, two non-toxic domains of C. septicum alpha toxin, namely ntATX-D1 and ntATX-D2, were identified, cloned, and expressed in Escherichia coli as recombinant subunit proteins to investigate their use as potential vaccine candidates. Experimental groups consisted of a Negative control (NCx) that did not receive C. septicum challenge, while the adjuvant-only Positive control (PCx), ntATX-D1 immunization (D1) and ntATX-D2 immunization (D2) groups received C. septicum challenge. Turkeys were immunized subcutaneously with 100 μg of protein at 7, 8 and 9 weeks of age along with an oil-in-water nano-emulsion adjuvant, followed by C. septicum challenge at 11 weeks of age. Results showed that while 46.2% of birds in the PCx group died post-challenge, the rate of mortality in D1- or D2-immunization groups was 13.3%. The gross and histopathological lesions in the skin, muscle and spleen showed that the disease severity was highest in PCx group, while the D2-immunized birds had significantly lower lesion scores when compared to PCx. Gene expression analysis revealed that PCx birds had significantly higher expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes in the skin, muscle and spleen than the NCx group, while the D2 group had significantly lower expression of these genes compared to PCx. Peripheral blood cellular analysis showed increased frequencies of activated CD4+ and/or CD8+ cells in the D1 and D2-immunized groups. Additionally, the immunized turkeys developed antigen-specific serum IgY antibodies. Collectively, these findings indicate that ntATX proteins, specifically the ntATX-D2 can be a promising vaccine candidate for protecting turkeys against CD and that the protection mechanisms may include downregulation of C. septicum-induced inflammation and increased CD4+ and CD8+ cellular activation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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39. Magnitude and time to peak oxygenation effect of prone positioning in ventilated adults with COVID‐19 related acute hypoxemic respiratory failure.

Author

Rollinson, Thomas C., McDonald, Luke A., Rose, Joleen, Eastwood, Glenn, Costa‐Pinto, Rahul, Modra, Lucy, Maeda, Akinori, Bacolas, Zoe, Anstey, James, Bates, Samantha, Bradley, Scott, Dumbrell, Jodi, French, Craig, Ghosh, Angaj, Haines, Kimberley, Haydon, Tim, Hodgson, Carol, Holmes, Jennifer, Leggett, Nina, and McGain, Forbes

Subjects
PATIENT positioning, ADULT respiratory distress syndrome, OXYGEN in the blood, COVID-19, SUPINE position
Abstract

Background: Prone positioning may improve oxygenation in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure and was widely adopted in COVID‐19 patients. However, the magnitude and timing of its peak oxygenation effect remain uncertain with the optimum dosage unknown. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the magnitude of the peak effect of prone positioning on the PaO2:FiO2 ratio during prone and secondly, the time to peak oxygenation. Methods: Multi‐centre, observational study of invasively ventilated adults with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure secondary to COVID‐19 treated with prone positioning. Baseline characteristics, prone positioning and patient outcome data were collected. All arterial blood gas (ABG) data during supine, prone and after return to supine position were analysed. The magnitude of peak PaO2:FiO2 ratio effect and time to peak PaO2:FIO2 ratio effect was measured. Results: We studied 220 patients (mean age 54 years) and 548 prone episodes. Prone positioning was applied for a mean (±SD) 3 (±2) times and 16 (±3) hours per episode. Pre‐proning PaO2:FIO2 ratio was 137 (±49) for all prone episodes. During the first episode. the mean PaO2:FIO2 ratio increased from 125 to a peak of 196 (p <.001). Peak effect was achieved during the first episode, after 9 (±5) hours in prone position and maintained until return to supine position. Conclusions: In ventilated adults with COVID‐19 acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, peak PaO2:FIO2 ratio effect occurred during the first prone positioning episode and after 9 h. Subsequent episodes also improved oxygenation but with diminished effect on PaO2:FIO2 ratio. This information can help guide the number and duration of prone positioning episodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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42. Myeloid cell MHC I expression drives CD8+ T cell activation in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.

Author

Adams, Victoria R., Collins, Leonard B., Williams, Taufika Islam, Holmes, Jennifer, Hess, Paul, Atkins, Hannah M., Scheidemantle, Grace, Xiaojing Liu, Lodge, Mareca, Johnson, Aaron J., and Kennedy, Arion

Subjects
MYELOID cells, T cells, NON-alcoholic fatty liver disease, GENE expression, NADPH oxidase, T cell receptors
Abstract

Background & aims: Activated CD8+ T cells are elevated in Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and are important for driving fibrosis and inflammation. Despite this, mechanisms of CD8+ T cell activation in NASH are largely limited. Specific CD8+ T cell subsets may become activated through metabolic signals or cytokines. However, studies in NASH have not evaluated the impact of antigen presentation or the involvement of specific antigens. Therefore, we determined if activated CD8+ T cells are dependent on MHC class I expression in NASH to regulate fibrosis and inflammation. Methods: We used H2Kb and H2Db deficient (MHC I KO), Kb transgenic mice, and myeloid cell Kb deficient mice (LysM Kb KO) to investigate how MHC class I impacts CD8+ T cell function and NASH. Flow cytometry, gene expression, and histology were used to examine hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. The hepatic class I immunopeptidome was evaluated by mass spectrometry. Results: In NASH, MHC class I isoform H2Kb was upregulated in myeloid cells. MHC I KO demonstrated protective effects against NASH-induced inflammation and fibrosis. Kb mice exhibited increased fibrosis in the absence of H2Db while LysM Kb KO mice showed protection against fibrosis but not inflammation. H2Kb restricted peptides identified a unique NASH peptide Ncf2 capable of CD8+ T cell activation in vitro. The Ncf2 peptide was not detected during fibrosis resolution. Conclusion: These results suggest that activated hepatic CD8+ T cells are dependent on myeloid cell MHC class I expression in diet induced NASH to promote inflammation and fibrosis. Additionally, our studies suggest a role of NADPH oxidase in the production of Ncf2 peptide generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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43. Identifying thresholds for clinically meaningful change among clients of drug and alcohol services using the Australian Treatment Outcomes Profile.

Author

Deacon, Rachel M., Mills, Llewellyn, Bruno, Raimondo, Mammen, Kristie, Dunlop, Adrian, Childs, Steven, Shakeshaft, Anthony, Holmes, Jennifer, and Lintzeris, Nicholas

Subjects
SUBSTANCE abuse treatment, WELL-being, ALCOHOL-induced disorders, HEALTH status indicators, TREATMENT effectiveness, QUALITY of life, QUALITY assurance, RESEARCH funding, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, EVALUATION
Abstract

Aims: The Austraian Treatment Outcomes Profile (ATOP) is a brief clinical outcomes tool used widely in the Australian alcohol and other drugs treatment sector to monitor clients' substance use, health, wellbeing and clinical risk factors. It has demonstrated reliability and validity, and has recommended clinical cut‐offs for assessing single‐occasion client‐rated health scores. This study determined clinically meaningful change thresholds for ATOP substance use and health and wellbeing variables for use by clinicians in monitoring client progress, and for quality improvement and service evaluation. Design, Setting and Participants: A framework for assessing clinically meaningful changes scores was developed by (1) calculating statistically reliable change thresholds using data‐driven techniques with a reference sample of clinical ATOP data and (2) conducting a multi‐disciplinary subject matter expert group to review the utility and validity of data‐derived clinically meaningful change. The study was conducted within Outpatient Alcohol and Other Drug treatment services in New South Wales, Australia. The reference sample comprised 6100 ATOPs from clients at entry to public outpatient Alcohol and Other Drug treatment services; the subject matter expert group comprised 29 key stakeholders from the specialist alcohol and other drug treatment sector. Measurements and Findings: We used the Reliable Change Index method to calculate clinically meaningful change thresholds for ATOP variables. For substance use variables, a change of 30% in days of use in the last 28 (minimum 4 days) was the threshold for clinically meaningful change for substance use; for health and wellbeing variables, a change of 2 or more points in psychological health, physical health or quality of life scores (measured on 0–10 scales) was the minimum clinically meaningful change. Conclusions: Clinically meaningful change thresholds have been proposed for Australian Treatment Outcomes Profile substance use and health and wellbeing items, based on statistical reliability and subject matter expert assessment. These will be used in the development of an outcomes metric for assessing change and assigning meaning in aggregated data for evaluation of services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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47. Substance use, socio‐demographic characteristics, and self‐rated health of people seeking alcohol and other drug treatment in New South Wales: baseline findings from a cohort study.

Author

Black, Emma, Bruno, Raimondo, Mammen, Kristie, Mills, Llewellyn, Siefried, Krista J, Deacon, Rachel M, Shakeshaft, Anthony, Dunlop, Adrian J, Ezard, Nadine, Montebello, Mark, Childs, Steven, Reid, David, Holmes, Jennifer, and Lintzeris, Nicholas

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the demographic characteristics, substance use, and self‐rated health of people entering treatment in New South Wales public health services for alcohol, amphetamine‐type stimulants, cannabis, cocaine, or opioids use, by principal drug of concern. Design: Baseline findings of a cohort study; analysis of data in patient electronic medical records and NSW minimum data set for drug and alcohol treatment services. Setting, participants: People completing initial Australian Treatment Outcomes Profile (ATOP) assessments on entry to publicly funded alcohol and other drug treatment services in six NSW local health districts/networks, 1 July 2016 – 30 June 2019. Main outcome measures: Socio‐demographic characteristics, and substance use and self‐rated health (psychological, physical, quality of life) during preceding 28 days, by principal drug of concern. Results: Of 14 087 people included in our analysis, the principal drug of concern was alcohol for 6051 people (43%), opioids for 3158 (22%), amphetamine‐type stimulants for 2534 (18%), cannabis for 2098 (15%), and cocaine for 246 (2%). Most people commencing treatment were male (9373, 66.5%), aged 20–39 years (7846, 50.4%), and were born in Australia (10 934, 86.7%). Polysubstance use was frequently reported, particularly by people for whom opioids or amphetamine‐type stimulants were the principal drugs of concern. Large proportions used tobacco daily (53–82%, by principal drug of concern group) and reported poor psychological health (47–59%), poor physical health (32–44%), or poor quality of life (43–52%). Conclusions: The prevalence of social disadvantage and poor health is high among people seeking assistance with alcohol, amphetamine‐type stimulants, cannabis, cocaine, or opioids use problems. Given the differences in these characteristics by principal drug of concern, health services should collect comprehensive patient information during assessment to facilitate more holistic, tailored, and person‐centred care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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48. The DACRIN data project: A process for harmonising data collection for clinical research in alcohol and other drugs services in New South Wales.

Author

Monds, Lauren A., Topp, Libby, Pados, Jade, Holmes, Jennifer, and Lintzeris, Nicholas

Subjects
ACQUISITION of data, MEDICAL research, ELECTRONIC data processing, ALCOHOL, SUBSTANCE abuse
Abstract

Introduction: Standardised data collection processes allow for harmonisation and comparison of data across different studies and services. This project aimed to develop a 'core dataset' to serve as the default collection when designing future studies and evaluations, building upon data routinely collected in clinical alcohol and other drugs (AOD) settings in NSW, Australia. Methods: A working group was established, comprising clinicians, researchers, data managers and consumers from public sector and non‐government organisation AOD services in the NSW Drug and Alcohol Clinical Research and Improvement Network. A series of Delphi meetings occurred to reach consensus on the data items to be included in the core dataset for three domains: demographics, treatment activity and substance use variables. Results: There were 20–40 attendees at each meeting. An initial consensus criterion of having received >70% of the vote was established. Given the difficulty in reaching consensus for most items, subsequently, this was changed to eliminate items that received <5 votes, after which the item receiving the most votes would be selected. Discussions and Conclusions: This important process received considerable interest and buy‐in across the NSW AOD sector. Ample opportunity for discussion and voting was provided for the three domains of interest, allowing participants to contribute their expertise and experience to inform decisions. As such, we believe the core dataset includes the best options currently available to collect data for these domains in the NSW AOD context, and potentially more broadly. This foundational study may inform other attempts to harmonise data across AOD services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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