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The study aims to elucidate the mechanism through which 17β-estradiol facilitates osteogenic differentiation in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). In our study, lentiviral transfection was employed to establish apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain (ARC) knockdown or overexpression in BMSCs. The impact of 17β-estradiol on ARC expression was assessed using western blot, RT-PCR and immunofluorescence. Techniques such as ALP staining, ALP activity assay, western blot, RT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining were utilized to examine the influence of ARC expression levels on the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and the osteoclastic differentiation of Raw264.7 cell lines. Mitophagy flux levels in BMSCs were detected using the mitophagy detection kit. RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analyses were conducted to explore potential mechanisms of ARC regulation in BMSCs osteogenic differentiation. To sum up, 17β-estradiol can modulate bone homeostasis by adjusting ARC expression. ARC stimulates mitophagy in BMSCs via MAPK/Akt pathway, identifying ARC as a promising therapeutic target for postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies have indicated that a recurrent t(6;9)(q22-23;p23-24) chromosomal translocation in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) results in a MYB proto-oncogene transcription factor-nuclear factor I/B (MYB-NFIB) gene fusion, which has not previously been detected in any non-ACC carcinomas of the head and neck. In the present study, data on clinical factors affecting the survival rate of patients with salivary ACC from a single institution was retrospectively analyzed, and the frequency of MYB gene rearrangement determined. A total of 97 patient cases were analyzed, and young adults presenting with ACC (<40 years old) accounted for 19.6% of all patients (n=19). A total of 70.1% (n=68) displayed neurological symptoms, including pain, paraesthesia, tongue deviation, and facial paralysis. A marked majority of the analyzed tumors (85.6%) displayed evidence of MYB rearrangement. MYB rearrangement was significantly higher in patients with late Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM) stage cancer compared with that in patients with early TNM stage (P=0.033), as detected by a dual color MYB break-apart fluorescence in situ hybridization probe. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed significant differences in patient overall survival (OS) time with regard to age, gender, TNM stage, neurological symptoms, margin status and MYB rearrangement. Specifically, young age was significantly associated with a shorter OS time. In summary, the present study suggested that young patients with salivary ACC presented with a worse prognosis, in contrast to the majority of patients with salivary ACC. Moreover, MYB alterations exhibited a high positive rate in salivary ACC, and therefore, the absence of MYB rearrangements may be associated with a better prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Process-based terrestrial ecosystem models are increasingly being used to predict carbon (C) cycling in forest ecosystems. Given the complexity of ecosystems, these models inevitably have certain deficiencies, and thus the model parameters and simulations can be highly uncertain. Through long-term direct observation of ecosystems, numerous different types of data have accumulated, providing valuable opportunities to determine which sources of data can most effectively reduce the uncertainty of simulation results, and thereby improve simulation accuracy. In this study, based on a long-term series of observations (biometric and flux data) of a subtropical Chinese fir plantation ecosystem, we use a model–data fusion framework to evaluate the effects of different constrained data on the parameter estimation and uncertainty of related variables, and systematically evaluate the uncertainty of parameters. We found that plant C pool observational data contributed to significant reductions in the uncertainty of parameter estimates and simulation, as these data provide information on C pool size. However, none of the data effectively constrained the foliage C pool, indicating that this pool should be a target for future observational activities. The assimilation of soil organic C observations was found to be important for reducing the uncertainty or bias in soil C pools. The key findings of this study are that the assimilation of multiple time scales and types of data stream are critical for model constraint and that the most accurate simulation results are obtained when all available biometric and flux data are used as constraints. Accordingly, our results highlight the importance of using multi-source data when seeking to constrain process-based terrestrial ecosystem models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]