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We investigated subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) macrophage subpopulations and identified relevant key genes for improving diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. SAH rat models were established, and brain tissue samples underwent single‐cell transcriptome sequencing and bulk RNA‐seq. Using single‐cell data, distinct macrophage subpopulations, including a unique SAH subset, were identified. The hdWGCNA method revealed 160 key macrophage‐related genes. Univariate analysis and lasso regression selected 10 genes for constructing a diagnostic model. Machine learning algorithms facilitated model development. Cellular infiltration was assessed using the MCPcounter algorithm, and a heatmap integrated cell abundance and gene expression. A 3 × 3 convolutional neural network created an additional diagnostic model, while molecular docking identified potential drugs. The diagnostic model based on the 10 selected genes achieved excellent performance, with an AUC of 1 in both training and validation datasets. The heatmap, combining cell abundance and gene expression, provided insights into SAH cellular composition. The convolutional neural network model exhibited a sensitivity and specificity of 1 in both datasets. Additionally, CD14, GPNMB, SPP1 and PRDX5 were specifically expressed in SAH‐associated macrophages, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target. Network pharmacology analysis identified some targeting drugs for SAH treatment. Our study characterised SAH macrophage subpopulations and identified key associated genes. We developed a robust diagnostic model and recognised CD14, GPNMB, SPP1 and PRDX5 as potential therapeutic targets. Further experiments and clinical investigations are needed to validate these findings and explore the clinical implications of targets in SAH treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foodborne diseases have become a serious havoc, where antimicrobial resistance is throwing significant challenges on daily basis. With the increase of drug-resistant bacteria and food-borne infection associated with Vibrio parahaemolyticus, new and effective strategies were needed to control the emergence of vibriosis. Lytic bacteriophages come up as a promising way to resist the pathogenic population in various applications. In this study, a V. parahaemolyticus specific phage vB_VpS_PG28 was isolated from sewage in the seafood market. Results showed vB_VpS_PG28, is strictly a lytic bacteriophage and has a relatively large burst size of 103 plaque-forming units per infected cell. Comparative genomic and bioinformatic analyses proved that vB_VpS_PG28 is a new bacteriophage that had a homologous relation with Vibrio phages of family Siphoviridae, especially with phage VH2_2019, but transmission electron microscopy of vB_VpS_PG28 morphology characterized its morphology is similar to that of Myoviridae family. In silico analysis indicated that the vB_VpS_PG28 genome consists of 82712 bp (48.08% GC content) encoding 114 putative ORFs without tRNA,and any gene associated with resistance or virulence factors has not been found. The bacteriophage in the present study has shown significant outcomes in order to control bacterial growth under in vitro conditions. Thus, we are suggesting a beneficiary agent against foodborne pathogens. Further, to ensure the safe usage of phage oral toxicity testing is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the first reported case caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection in Wuhan, COVID-19 has caused serious deaths and an ongoing global pandemic, and it is still raging in more than 200 countries and regions around the world and many new variants have appeared in the process of continuous transmission. In the early stage of the epidemic prevention and control and clinical treatment, traditional Chinese medicine played a huge role in China. Here, we screened out six monomer compounds, including artemether, artesunate, arteannuin B, echinatin, licochalcone B and andrographolide, with excellent anti-SARS-CoV-2 and anti-GX_P2V activity from Anti-COVID-19 Traditional Chinese Medicine Compound Library containing 389 monomer compounds extracted from traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions "three formulas and three drugs". Our discovery preliminary proved the stage of action of those compounds against SARS-CoV-2 and provided inspiration for further research and clinical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vibrio alginolyticus is one of the most important of pathogens that can infect humans and a variety of aquatic animals, and it can cause food poisoning and septicemia in humans. Widely used antibiotics are gradually losing their usefulness, and phages are gaining more attention as new antibacterial strategies. To have more potential strategies for controlling pathogenic bacteria, we isolated a novel V. alginolyticus phage BUCT549 from seafood market sewage. It was classified as a new member of the family Siphoviridae by transmission electron microscopy and a phylogenetic tree. We propose creating a new genus for BUCT549 based on the intergenomic similarities (maximum is 56%) obtained from VIRIDIC calculations. Phage BUCT549 could be used for phage therapy due to its stability in a wide pH (3.0–11.0) range and high-temperature (up to 60°C) environment. It had a latent period of 30–40 min and a burst size of 141 PFU/infected bacterium. In the phylogenetic tree based on a terminase large subunit, BUCT549 was closely related to eight Vibrio phages with different species of host. Meanwhile, our experiments proved that BUCT549 has the ability to infect a strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. A coevolution experiment determined that three strains of tolerant V. alginolyticus evaded phage infestation by mutating the MSHA-related membrane protein expression genes, which caused the loss of flagellum. This research on novel phage identification and the mechanism of infestation will help phages to become an integral part of the strategy for biological control agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a common conditional pathogen, and it is naturally resistant to most commonly used clinical antibiotics. The bacteriophage is considered to be a potential antibiotic alternative for treating multi-drug-resistant bacteria. In this study, a bacteriophage BUCT555 was isolated from hospital sewage for lysing the clinical multi-drug resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Electron microscopy studies revealed this phage belongs to the Podoviridae family. The double-stranded DNA genome of bacteriophage BUCT555 is composed of 39,440 bp with a GC content of 61.43%. The genome contains 57 open reading frames, 14 of which had assigned functions, while no virulence related genes, antibiotic resistance genes or tRNA were identified. The burst size of BUCT555 was 204 pfu per infected cell. Structure proteins of bacteriophage BUCT555 generated by SDS-PAGE and HPLC-MS revealed that it contains seven proteins with molecular weight ranging from 19 to 89 kDa. BLASTn analysis showed that phage BUCT555 has 2% homology with other phages in NCBI database, suggesting BUCT555 is a new phage genus of Podoviridae that infects Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Characterization of the bacteriophage BUCT555 enriches our knowledge about the diversity of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteriophages. • A novel bacteriophage BUCT555 was isolated for lysing the multi-drug resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. • The BUCT555 is the third phage infecting Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in Podoviridae family, and the only has electron micrograph. • BUCT555 is classified as an unclassified Podoviridae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combination of magnetic and dielectric materials is an effective and efficient approach to enhance microwave absorption performance. In this work, rGO/Zr4+-Ni2+ gradient-doped BaM composites were fabricated for broad microwave absorption bandwidth. The results show that the permittivity increases while the permeability reduces gradually with the rising of rGO content. With the mass ratio of rGO increasing up to 15%, the relatively high attenuation constant and good impedance matching condition lead to an outstanding microwave absorption performance with a broad bandwidth of 8.16 GHz and a minimum reflection loss of −57.07 dB at a thin matching thickness of 2.0 mm. Compared with the pure gradient-doped BaM sample, the bandwidth has been widened by 37.37% and the minimum reflection loss has been improved by 220.43%. The performance is also superior to most of the existing state-of-art absorbers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]