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15. Photonics for Neuromorphic Computing: Fundamentals, Devices, and Opportunities

Author

Li, Renjie, Gong, Yuanhao, Huang, Hai, Zhou, Yuze, Mao, Sixuan, Wei, Zhijian, and Zhang, Zhaoyu

Subjects
Physics - Optics, Computer Science - Emerging Technologies
Abstract

In the dynamic landscape of Artificial Intelligence (AI), two notable phenomena are becoming predominant: the exponential growth of large AI model sizes and the explosion of massive amount of data. Meanwhile, scientific research such as quantum computing and protein synthesis increasingly demand higher computing capacities. Neuromorphic computing, inspired by the mechanism and functionality of human brains, uses physical artificial neurons to do computations and is drawing widespread attention. Conventional electronic computing has experienced certain difficulties, particularly concerning the latency, crosstalk, and energy consumption of digital processors. As the Moore's law approaches its terminus, there is a urgent need for alternative computing architectures that can satisfy this growing computing demand and break through the von Neumann model. Recently, the expansion of optoelectronic devices on photonic integration platforms has led to significant growth in photonic computing, where photonic integrated circuits (PICs) have enabled ultrafast artificial neural networks (ANN) with sub-nanosecond latencies, low heat dissipation, and high parallelism. Such non-von Neumann photonic computing systems hold the promise to cater to the escalating requirements of AI and scientific computing. In this review, we study recent advancements in integrated photonic neuromorphic systems, and from the perspective of materials and device engineering, we lay out the scientific and technological breakthroughs necessary to advance the state-of-the-art. In particular, we examine various technologies and devices employed in neuromorphic photonic AI accelerators, spanning from traditional optics to PICs. We evaluate the performances of different designs by energy efficiency in operations per joule (OP/J) and compute density in operations per squared millimeter per ..., Comment: Advanced Materials Accepted

Published
2023
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44. Thermoelectric properties of Janus BiXI (X = S and Se) monolayers: A first-principles study.

Author

Xiong, Guo-huan, Liu, Te, Huang, Hai-hong, and Wang, Jian

Subjects
THERMOELECTRIC conversion, THERMOELECTRIC materials, SEEBECK coefficient, TRANSPORT theory, ELECTRIC conductivity
Abstract

Janus monolayers, a novel class of two-dimensional materials, have attracted significant interest owing to their asymmetric atomic arrangement. In this work, we systematically investigate the thermoelectric properties of Janus BiXI (X = S and Se) monolayers, using first-principles calculations and semiclassical Boltzmann transport theory. These dynamically stable BiSI and BiSeI monolayers exhibit indirect bandgaps of 0.870 and 0.797 eV, respectively, when accounting for the spin–orbit coupling effects. The Janus BiSeI monolayer exhibits a lower lattice thermal conductivity of 0.168 W/mK at 300 K, attributed to the increased phonon-scattering channels and enhanced anharmonicity introduced by the heavier Se atom. Furthermore, the Janus BiSeI monolayer demonstrates a superior Seebeck coefficient and high electrical conductivity, resulting in a significantly enhanced power factor. Consequently, the Janus BiSeI monolayer exhibits a higher figure of merit (ZT) value, with 0.895 at 300 K and 2.466 at 700 K, compared to the Janus BiSI monolayer, which has ZT values of 0.158 at 300 K and 0.591 at 700 K. These findings establish the Janus BiSeI monolayer as an excellent candidate for thermoelectric conversion applications. The understanding may have broader implications for the exploration of 2D thermoelectric materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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45. On primordial universe in anti-de Sitter landscape

Author

Lin, Pu-Xin, Huang, Hai-Long, Zhang, Jun, and Piao, Yun-Song

Subjects
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract

How the spacetime evolved non-perturbatively in a landscape with multiple anti-de Sitter (AdS) vacua, which is theoretically well-motivated, has always been a matter of concern. As a step towards this issue, we perform (3+1)D numerical relativity simulations for the inhomogeneous universe in an AdS landscape, and find that large inhomogeneity of scalar field can develop into not only sphere-like bubbles, but also novel tube-like structures. It is observed that the bubble or tube wall (across the potential barrier) likely inflates as a quasi-dS space, while the different regions separated by the walls are in different AdS vacua and will collapse towards singularity., Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures + references

Published
2022
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