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Peru evidences one of the main environmental problems and this refers to mining, metallurgical and industrial contamination basically by heavy metals such as copper, zinc, iron, cadmium, lead, mercury and others, these compounds can reach various bodies of water by leaching or runoff. Fish have the capacity to store in their organism a higher concentration of these compounds compared to what is present in the environment, which is why they are important indicators of contamination. The objective of this study was to determine the mean lethal concentration LC50-96h of the fish species Poecilia reticulata under the action of the heavy metal iron. The bioassays were carried out using 10 juveniles of the "guppy" under the tested concentrations of FeSO4.7H2O of: 50,00; 74,76; 111,79; 171,04 and 250 mg/L, with three replicates for each concentration, observing mortality at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours of exposure. The LC50-96h concentration for iron in juveniles was found to be 97,131 mg/L with lower and upper confidence limits of 85,765 and 109,333 mg/L. The Probit statistical program and the analysis of variance methodology were used, which are used in toxicity tests for static acute tests. These results can be useful for the elaboration of water quality criteria and standards for the protection of national aquatic systems drastically affected by mining, metallurgical and industrial contamination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mining tailings are the main source of contamination of water resources due to the presence of heavy metals, which impact ecological systems and human health; Therefore, the implementation of innovative techniques that help mitigate the impact generated by these pollutants, such as lead, is urgently needed; Hence, the objective of this research was to evaluate the selective removal capacity of lead present in mining tailings using nanodendimers of humus, compost, humic acids and pure fulvic acids. A system of humus, compost, humic acids and fulvic acids was implemented to filter a solution of 200 ppm of lead obtained from a sample of mining tailings from the Samne area (La Libertad Region, Peru) that contained 3399 ppm of lead. lead. Then, the concentration of Pb in the filtrate of each system was determined using the atomic absorption spectrophotometry technique. Through this analysis, it was obtained as a result that Pb was removed by the nanodendimers present in the chemical structure of the organic materials used, concluding that the highest Pb removal capacity was performed by pure humic acids with 93,35% and fulvic acids with 44,85%, while the lowest removal was represented by humus with (9.20%) and compost (6 .35%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pollution produced by the mining industry, which are stored in systems known as relaveras, as well as direct dumping into rivers and subsequent use of water resources in agriculture, is one of the most dangerous forms of affecting water and agricultural ecosystems ; So the present research tries to quantify the amount of Cu, Cd, Pb and As absorbed by the root, stem and leaves of the Helianthus annus L. (Asteraceae) sunflower using soils contaminated by tailings material from the Samne area. Absorption of the heavy metals copper, cadmium, lead and arsenic present in agricultural soil samples containing 25, 50, 75 and 100% of tailings absorbed by sunflower was determined; Following the methodology proposed by Aquino et al. 1989. The results showed that the bioconcentration values of the heavy metals Cu, Cd, Pb and As followed the following trend: Cu> As> Pb> Cd and that the bioremediation effect was higher for the copper heavy metal; As well as drastic saturation occurred at the level of cadmium and lead metals, and that the root was the organ of the plant with the greatest power of phytoremediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pollution generated by the mining and metallurgical industry is one of the most dangerous forms of pollution that mainly affects the headwaters of basins, and that negatively impacts on water and agricultural resources; Therefore, in this research, the absorption of heavy metals Pb, As and Cd by corn (Zea mays L.) and beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is quantified, using soils contaminated by mining tailings that contain heavy metals, from the Samne area, La Libertad, Peru. To determine the concentration of the heavy metals Pb, As and Cd, the methodology of atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used. The results found indicate that the maximum concentration values of heavy metals were determined in the beet with values of 432,95 mg/ kg for Pb, 3,89 mg/ kg for as and 13,88 mg/ kg for Cd in the root organ; following the absorption trend: Pb > Cd > As, with Pb having the highest absorption level at 65, 95 and 125 days of experimentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evaluation of the ecological disturbance that could be generated in terrestrial environments contaminated by heavy metals in Peru, due to the presence of hundreds of tailings deposits present in various regions of our country, requires an inventory of vascular plant species that indicate contamination and with phytoremediation capacity. In the present investigation, the prospection of the flora was carried out during anthesis (flowering) and fruiting in two areas of mining tailings deposit in the district of Samne, Otuzco province, La Libertad region, Peru (Cushmun and Virgen de la Puerta Minerals Processing Plant Sectors). The sampling of each plant taxon was carried out in a non-probabilistic way in each tailings deposit. The results allowed us to identify 52 species of plants, in the Cushmun Creek, the Equisetopsida Class stands out with nine Orders and a greater representation of the Poales and Caryophyllales order; as well as 11 Families where the Poaceae Family is the one that stands out the most. Comparatively in the second environment, a single Class (Equisetopsida) was inventoried, 11 Orders with a greater representation of the Solanales order; as well as 13 Families where the Asteraceae and Solanaceae families are the ones that stand out the most. It is concluded that the prospects for the use of this natural vegetation for phytoremediation purposes is highly promising for our country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mining tailings, is one of the most dangerous forms of pollution generated by mining exploitation basically in the headwaters of basins, and that mainly affect water and agricultural resources; Therefore, in the present investigation we try to quantify the absorption of heavy metals Pb and Cd by the foxtail Lolimun multiflorum L. (Poaceae), using soils contaminated by tailings material containing heavy metals, from the area of Samne, La Libertad, Peru. To determine the concentration of heavy metals Pb and Cd, the methodology of atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used. The results, indicate that the values of the concentration of heavy metals absorbed Pb and Cd, followed the following trend: Pb> Cd, being the Pb, the one that presents higher level of absorption at 65, 95 and 125 days of experimentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One water parameters of plants as is the CHR to characterize the response of plants to water stress and identify better adapted genotypes, which in this studied the behavior of relative water content (CHR) was determined in Amaranthus hybridus L. (Amaranthaceae) species under experimental conditions under salinities of 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 mM, whose seeds were obtained and selected the experimental field of Ecology of the Faculty of Biological Sciences of the National University of Trujillo. Sampling for the corresponding analysis was performed at the flowering stage. The design was randomized block with three replications. The results indicated CHR level moderate tolerance to salt stress of the species, concluding that the methodology used can be selected genotypes resistant to salt stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]