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Resumo Introdução: Fatores socioeconômicos e demográficos dos municípios podem afetar os serviços da atenção primária, influenciando na satisfação dos usuários. Objetivo: Verificar a relação entre a satisfação do usuário com a atenção primária e as condições socioeconômicas e demográficas dos municípios brasileiros. Método: Estudo transversal baseado nas entrevistas de usuários das equipes de atenção básica participantes do 2º Ciclo do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica, realizado em 2013 e 2014. A análise da satisfação do usuário considerou questões organizacionais e aspectos assistenciais. A avaliação foi distribuída em seis estratos municipais, considerando fatores socioeconômicos e demográficos. Realizou-se análise de variância objetivando comparar as médias de satisfação dos usuários entre os estratos. Resultados: Usuários de municípios com pior condição socioeconômica e população menor que 10 mil habitantes apresentaram maior satisfação que a média em relação à maioria dos aspectos organizacionais. Nas questões assistenciais, participantes de municípios com melhor condição socioeconômica ou com população maior que 500 mil habitantes se mostraram mais satisfeitos em relação ao cuidado do diabetes e da hipertensão arterial. Conclusões: A satisfação dos usuários é maior nas questões organizacionais do que nas subdimensões assistenciais, ensejando a necessidade de investimento para melhorar a prestação do cuidado.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To identify demographic and clinical characteristics of adult patients hospitalized in the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) due to viral pneumonia and investigate the association between some comorbidities and death during hospitalization. METHODS This retrospective cohort study was conducted with secondary data of adults admitted to SUS due to viral pneumonia between 2002 and 2015. Patient profile was characterized based on demographic and clinical variables. The association between the ten Elixhauser comorbidities and in-hospital death was investigated using Poisson regression models with robust standard errors. Results were quantified as incidence rate ratio (IRR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), and we built five models using successive inclusion of variables blocks. RESULTS Hospital admissions for viral pneumonias decreased throughout the study period, and it was observed that 5.8% of hospitalized patients had an in-hospital death. We observed significant differences in demographic and clinical characteristics by comparing individuals who died during hospitalization with those who did not, with the occurrence of one or more comorbidities being more expressive among patients who died. Although not considered risk factors for in-hospital death, chronic pulmonary disease and congestive heart failure were the most common comorbidities. Conversely, IRR for in-hospital death increased with other neurological disorders, diabetes, cancer, obesity, and especially with HIV/AIDS. CONCLUSIONS Individuals presenting with pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases require proper attention during hospitalization, as well as those with other neurological diseases, diabetes, cancer, obesity, and especially HIV/AIDS. Understanding the influence of chronic diseases on viral infections may support the healthcare system in achieving better outcomes.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To characterize the profile of patients hospitalized for mental and behavioral disorders by the Unified Health System (SUS) in Brazil between 2000 and 2014, and to verify how aspects of the new mental health policy influenced the rate of hospitalized patients in that period. METHODS Non-concurrent prospective cohort study using secondary data from inpatients with a primary diagnosis of mental and behavioral disorders between 01/01/2000 and 12/31/2014. Sociodemographic, clinical, and hospital characteristics variables were selected. Overall rates of hospitalized patients were calculated according to reason for admission, type of hospital, legal nature, and number of admissions per year for each patient. The association between rates of hospitalized patients, number of psychiatric beds per year, and number of Psychosocial Care Centers per year were tested. RESULTS We selected a total of 1,549,298 patients, whose most frequent diagnoses on first admission were psychoactive substance use disorders, followed by schizophrenia and mood disorders. The median of hospitalizations per patient was 1.9 and the length of stay per patient was 29 days. The overall rate of hospitalized patients was reduced by almost half in the period. The number of beds per year was positively associated with the rates of hospitalized patients; the number of CAPS per year was negatively associated with some rates of hospitalized patients. CONCLUSION Even in the face of adversity, the National Mental Health Policy has advanced in its goal of progressively reducing hospital beds and increasing the supply of substitute services such that both strategies were associated with the reduced inpatient rates. But the changes were felt with greater intensity in the first years of the policy’s implementation, becoming less pronounced in recent years.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To associate the strength of community health workers interventions with primary health care strategies for women’s and children’s health, diabetes, and hypertension. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study assessing 29,778 family health teams working in primary health care in Brazil in 2014. The association between community health workers activity levels and primary health care facilities was analyzed using multiple logistic regression. RESULTS We found higher levels of community health workers activities strongly associated with primary health care practices (OR = 6.88) for those activities targeting hypertension management, followed by children’s health (OR = 6.56), and women’s health (OR = 6.21). CONCLUSIONS At a time when Brazil discusses whether community health workers should or should not remain in the same scale-up and skill level as they currently are, our results reinforce the importance of these workers for the care model advocated by the Brazilian Unified Health System.

The hospitalizations are part of cancer care and has been studied by researchers worldwide. A better understanding about their associated factors may help to achieve improvements on this area. The aims of this study were to investigate the association between demographic and clinical characteristics and hospitalizations, as well as between these characteristics and the length of stay (LOS), within the first year of outpatient treatment, for the most incident cancers in the Brazilian population. In this cohort study, we investigated 417,477 patients aged 19 years or more, who started outpatient cancer treatment, from 2010-2014, for breast, prostate, colorectal, cervix, lung and stomach cancers. The outcomes evaluated were: i) Hospitalizations within the first year of outpatient cancer treatment; and ii) LOS of the hospitalized patients. It was performed a binary logistic regression to evaluate the association between the explanatory variables and the hospitalizations and a negative binomial regression to evaluate their influence on the length of hospital stay. The hospitalizations occurred for 34% of patients, with a median of LOS of 6 days (IQR: 2-15). Female patients were 16% less likely to be hospitalized (OR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.82-0.86), with lower average of LOS (AR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.97-0.99), each additional year of age reduced in 2% the hospitalization odds (OR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.98-0.99) and in 1% the average of LOS (AR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.98-0.99), patients from South region had twice more chances of hospitalization than from North region (OR: 2.01; 95% CI: 1.93-2.10) and patients with colorectal cancer had greater probability of hospitalization (OR: 4.42; 95% CI: 4.27-4.48), with the highest average of LOS (AR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.35-1.40). In view of our results, we consider that the government must expand the policies with potential to reduce the number of hospitalizations.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To determine the items of the Brazilian National Program for Improving Access and Quality of Primary Care that better evaluate the capacity to provide mental health care. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study carried out using the Graded Response Model of the Item Response Theory using secondary data from the second cycle of the National Program for Improving Access and Quality of Primary Care, which evaluates 30,523 primary care teams in the period from 2013 to 2014 in Brazil. The internal consistency, correlation between items, and correlation between items and the total score were tested using the Cronbach’s alpha, Spearman’s correlation, and point biserial coefficients, respectively. The assumptions of unidimensionality and local independence of the items were tested. Word clouds were used as one way to present the results. RESULTS The items with the greatest ability to discriminate were scheduling of the agenda according to risk stratification, keeping of records of the most serious cases of users in psychological distress, and provision of group care. The items that required a higher level of mental health care in the parameter of location were the provision of any type of group care and the provision of educational and mental health promotion activities. Total Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.87. The items that obtained the highest correlation with total score were the recording of the most serious cases of users in psychological distress and scheduling of the agenda according to risk stratification. The final scores obtained oscillated between -2.07 (minimum) and 1.95 (maximum). CONCLUSIONS There are important aspects in the discrimination of the capacity to provide mental health care by primary health care teams: risk stratification for care management, follow-up of the most serious cases, group care, and preventive and health promotion actions.

RESUMO Este artigo teve como objetivo analisar a distribuição espacial das equipes de Atenção Básica em Saúde (ABS) avaliadas pelo Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB) segundo as categorias de desempenho para certificação no Programa. Realizou-se uma caracterização da distribuição espacial dos municípios mediante a avaliação do PMAQ-AB, bem como a identificação da presença de padrões espaciais a partir de um indicador de correlação espacial para avaliar o grau de influência do espaço para a certificação das equipes de ABS. Observou-se presença de padrões de natureza espacial em relação à qualidade da ABS. Municípios com valor baixo no indicador cujos vizinhos também apresentam nível baixo foram encontrados em boa parte dos estados do Acre, do Amazonas, de Roraima e do Amapá, bem como no Rio de Janeiro e no Espírito Santo. Foram observados clusters de padrão alto-alto em municípios de São Paulo, Minas Gerais e Rio Grande do Sul, com destaque para Santa Catarina. A identificação de padrões espaciais de qualidade da ABS pode representar um recurso valioso para o aperfeiçoamento do PMAQ-AB. Com isso, é possível desenvolver análises que incorporem variáveis com potencial explicativo para os padrões espaciais de qualidade de ABS encontrados em municípios brasileiros.