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This paper aims to study the nanofluids with peristaltic flow motion in a confined length of non-uniform horizontal tube with an endoscope. In addition to wall properties and velocity slip effect, three geometries (i.e., sphere, cylinders, and blades) of Gold – blood MHD nanoparticles are also considered. To peruse the realistic study of the model, equations and boundary conditions are modeled and formed in dimensionless control equations. Expressions for the exact solutions of velocity, nanoparticle shape effects for temperature, heat transfer, and stream function are obtained. Visual depiction of these solutions is also demonstrated by carrying out various parameters. After analyzing, a few observations illustrate that platelet-shaped nanoparticles attain the highest thermal conductivity. The maximum temperature is experienced for sphere-shaped nanoparticles and the increasing behavior is also observed for higher values of thermal slip parameter. The conduct of velocity profile increases for greater values of the slip parameter. Sphere-shaped nanoparticles also show dominance compared to brick- and platelet- shaped particles. A trapping phenomenon is also discussed in the current study. The presented model can useful for applications associated with the metabolic structures that play a vital role in heat sources inside the human body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper contains the analytical investigation of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of copper/[Al.sub.2][O.sub.3]-water hybrid nanofluid with unstable peristaltic motion. Three different geometries (bricks, cylinder, and platelets) along with velocity and thermal slip conditions are studied in detail to reach the precise solution. Flow geometry of a non-uniform tube of finite length, experimental values of base fluid, and considered nanoparticles are taken into account to examine the theoretical investigation of formulated equations. Dimensionless control equations, which are subject to physically realistic boundary conditions, are closely studied to obtain precise results. The shape effects of nanoparticles on velocity, temperature distribution, and heat transfer on the length of the non-uniform tube with variation of the various flow parameters are discussed in a graphical description to understand the theoretical aspects to validate the medical analysis. The observations from the analysis state that copper/[Al.sub.2][O.sub.3]- water carry maximum velocity for smaller values of slip parameter. Temperature distributions for heat absorption parameter are more significant as fluid flow accelerates when large values are chosen. Large values of thermal slip parameter yield enhancement in pressure gradient and Cu- water nanofluid has higher impact than hybrid nanofluid. Platelet-shaped nanoparticles of hybrid nanofluid have more significant effect on pressure gradient than cylinder- and brick-shaped nanoparticles of Cu-water nanofluid. An intrinsic property of peristaltic transport (i.e., trapping) is also discussed. The trapped bolus decreases for platelets and cylinder-shaped nanoparticles, whereas, the size of the trapped bolus increases for brick-shaped nanoparticles. This model is applicable to a drug delivery system and to design the micro-peristaltic pump for transporting nanofluids. Key words: peristaltic flow, hybrid nanofluid, MHD, shape effects, exact solution. Nous examinons ici le flot magnetohydrodynamique (MHD) d'un nanofluide hybride eau-Cu/[Al.sub.2][O.sub.3] avec mouvement peristaltique instable. Nous etudions en detail trois formes differentes de nanoparticules (brique, cylindre et plaquette), variant les conditions de vitesse et de glissement thermique, afin d'atteindre une solution precise. Nous tenons compte, de la geometrie du flot dans un tube non uniforme de longueur finie, des valeurs experimentales de base du fluide et des nanoparticules, afin d'analyser notre etude theorique formulee a l'aide d'equations. Nous etudions attentivement les equations de controle sans dimension soumises a des conditions limites realistes, afin d'obtenir des resultats precis. Nous discutons graphiquement les effets de forme des nanoparticules sur la vitesse, la distribution de temperature et le transfert de chaleur sur la longueur du tube non uniforme en variant les differents parametres du flot, afin de comprendre les resultats theoriques et de valider l'analyse medicale. Nos observations indiquent que le nanofluide eau-Cu/[Al.sub.2][O.sub.3]) atteint une vitesse maximale pour les faibles valeurs des parametres de glissement. La distribution de temperature pour le parametre d'absorption de chaleur est plus significative lorsque le flot accelere. Les grandes valeurs du parametre de glissement thermique produisent une augmentation du gradient de pression et le nanofluide eau-Cu a plus d'impact que le nanofluide hybride. Les nanoparticules en forme de plaquettes du nanofluide hybride ont plus d'effet sur le gradient de pression que les nanoparticules en forme de brique et de cylindre du nanofluide eau-Cu. Nous discutons aussi d'une propriete intrinseque du transport peristaltique, le piegeage. Le bolus piege diminue pour les nanoparticules en forme de plaquette et de cylindre, alors qu'il augmente pour les nanoparticules en forme de brique. Notre modele est applicable a un systeme d'administration de medicament et au design des micro-pompes de transport des nanofluides. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : flot peristaltique, nanofluide hybride, MHD, effets de forme, solution exacte., 1. Introduction The word 'peristaltic movement' is derived from the Greek 'peristaltikos' meaning clenching and compression. Peristaltic motion is a mechanism of fluid transport through deformable blood vessels with the [...]

The line of inquiry of this abstract is peristaltic transport of nanofluids. The subject study focuses on alumina–water nanoparticles with different shape effects such as platelets, cylinders, bricks comprising slip effects and MHD. In this research, the outcome of wall properties, velocity and condition of thermal slip are testified. Moreover, substantial boundary conditions are applied on dimensionless control equations to obtain precise/exact solutions. The graphical depiction of thermal conductivity, temperature, velocity, and heat transfer phenomenon for flow parameters are also portrayed for different nanoparticle shapes. Brick nanoparticles have been shown to support the highest velocity curve. Another engrossing aspect of the peristaltic movement known as trapping is also examined. The investigation of MHD nanoparticles, with an endoscope in a non-uniform tube, has produced fruitful results. These results will be helpful in the field of biological sciences, especially in diagnosis and curing many diseases. Additionally, under-discussion model is also relevant for a drug supply process that offers several drug geometries and likewise relevant for the manufacturing scheme of a peristaltic micro-pump for the transport of nanofluids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A methodological approach has been adopted in order to investigate the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of (Cu-SiO 2)/water hybrid nanofluid keeping in view the peristaltic motion. An endeavor is made to obtain accurate results of velocity slip and convective boundary conditions while studying four different types of geometric shapes (sphere, bricks, cylinder and platelets). The formulated equations are theoretically examined. In the manuscript, flow phenomenon of relaxation and contraction in a geometry of finite length of a non-uniform tube with regards to Cu/water and (Cu-SiO 2)/water hybrid nanoparticles are deliberated. Equations related to realistic boundary conditions i.e. dimensionless control equations, are also studied in the manuscript. In order to validate theoretical findings of the work, graphical discussion on supplementary nanoparticles form a part of this manuscript. Effects of these nanoparticles on velocity, temperature distribution and transfer of heat is also discussed in the same manuscript. The analysis shows that conductivity of the nanoparticles is directly proportional to the volume of the nanoparticles. The results also show that there is significantly increase in temperature and velocity due to increase of heat absorption which also results in increases in elevation for hybrid nanofluid. The above discussion implies that convective heat transfer parameter has higher impact in case of (Cu- SiO 2)/water hybrid nanofluid as compare to Cu-water/nanofluid. Streamlines pattern of Peristaltic transport is also discussed in the paper. This manuscript also draws the comparison between the results of Cu-water and (Cu- SiO 2)/water hybrid. The emphasis of the manuscript attentions to different shapes of nanoparticles and effects of convective heat transfer with regards to steady physiological delivery of MHD with nanofluid and hybrid nanofluid in a tube. Some noticeable facts are highlighted as under: • There is an incline in temperature as there is incline in heat absorption parameters, whereas, it shows a decline in the case of hybrid nanofluids. • Heat absorption parameters also effects the behavior of the velocity. It has been observed that, with an increase in the value of heat absorption parameter, there is an increase in the velocity for both fluids. • Hartmann number is inversely proportion to the velocity distribution. • The results show that there is a drop in the velocity distribution for both fluids for various higher terms of E1, E2. • It is clearly demonstrated that decrease can be observed in the size of bolus in the case of Cu-water, whereas, there is an increase in the size of the bolus in case of for hybrid nanoparticles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the modern day science and medics, scholars are focusing on the behavioral study of non-Newtonian fluid and its relevance with ciliated motion in human body. This would offer advanced avenues of research to mitigate the risks of new and contagious diseases relating to various systems in human body. This manuscript focuses on the behaviour of metachronal wave in Prandtl fluid generated by ciliated movement through a horizontal tapering channel once magnetic field is applied to the fluid. The theoretical approach raises mathematical calculations and results obtained presented highly nonlinear system of PDEs. Latterly, ODEs are developed which accrue the accurate results by using scaling group of transformations. Second, approximation of long wavelength and low Reynold's number used to analyze the flow motion caused by metachronal waves. The emerging equations achieved are further solved numerically using the bvp4c method. Results are engendered through graphical attempt of velocity, temperature, pressure gradient, pressure rise and wall shear stress graphs in relation to various factors. It can be inferred that theoretical impact of velocity profile for magnetic parameter decreases near the walls of the ciliated channel while increases in the middle of channel. It concludes that magnetic field opposes the strength of the flow close to the walls. Another observation is the flow of temperature across the subject domain is accelerated by the Brinkman number. Thus, the flow of heat transfer may be increased by the fast metachronal wave and fixed initial temperature. While streamlines are also fabricated to exhibit the flow phenomenon of ciliary motion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]