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Current glocalisation processes require the identification of priority areas for Ukraine’s further integration into the international economy. The right choice of direction, tools and forms of implementation allows the government to determine, justify and implement a competitive strategy for the country. The study aimed to determine the relationship between international economic integration and Ukraine’s global competitive power. Identifying Ukraine’s sectoral comparative advantages in trade with the EU and evaluating the index of the regional orientation of Ukraine for specific groups of goods and services made it possible to define the effects of economic collaboration with the European region. The assessment of the complementarity index of Ukrainian–European trade relations revealed that Ukraine and the European Union are main trading partners. Furthermore, the analysis of the mechanism of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union proved that the agreement actively contributes to the growth of Ukraine’s global competitive power. Comparative analysis in historical retrospect revealed priority areas for improving the integration processes which help to form the main competitive advantages of the country.

The paper deals with the impulsive infinite-dimensional problem generated by solutions of the thermal conductivity equation under the condition of impulse ”pumping” of heat. Moments of impulses are not fixed and are determined by the amount of total heat in the system. It is proved that such a problem generates impulsive dynamical system in the space of continuous functions and its ω

We present the results of processing the effects of the powerful gamma-ray burst GRB221009A captured by the charged particle detectors (electrostatic analyzers and solid-state detectors) on board spacecraft at different points in the heliosphere on 2022 October 9. To follow the GRB221009A propagation through the heliosphere, we used the electron and proton flux measurements from solar missions Solar Orbiter and STEREO-A; Earth’s magnetosphere and solar wind missions THEMIS and Wind; meteorological satellites POES15, POES19, and MetOp3; and MAVEN—a NASA mission orbiting Mars. GRB221009A had a structure of four bursts: the less intense Pulse 1—the triggering impulse—was detected by gamma-ray observatories at T _0 = 13:16:59 UT (near the Earth); the most intense Pulses 2 and 3 were detected on board all the spacecraft from the list; and Pulse 4 was detected in more than 500 s after Pulse 1. Due to their different scientific objectives, the spacecraft, whose data were used in this study, were separated by more than 1 au (Solar Orbiter and MAVEN). This enabled the tracking of GRB221009A as it was propagating across the heliosphere. STEREO-A was the first to register Pulse 2 and 3 of the GRB, almost 100 s before their detection by spacecraft in the vicinity of Earth. MAVEN detected GRB221009A Pulses 2, 3, and 4 at the orbit of Mars about 237 s after their detection near Earth. By processing the observed time delays, we show that the source location of the GRB221009A was at R.A. 288.°5, decl. 18.°5 ± 2° (J2000).

The topicality of the research lies in the fact that the long-term evolution of financial markets, reinforced by global transformations, has led to the development of convergent processes in banking activities in the presence of significant paradigmatic differences between the major banking systems of the world. The existing peculiarities in the mechanisms and methods of regulation of the banking sector within individual countries have caused drastic changes in views on the nature of the bank and its activities. The traditional view of banks as institutions of financial intermediation, providing the exchange of monetary assets between the owners of savings and borrowers, does not provide for the creation of new money. Instead, proponents of the alternative viewpoint emphasize that in today's world banks finance borrowers mainly through the mechanism of money emission. Both points of view are present to varying degrees in various theoretical and conceptual approaches to understanding the essence of the bank as an institution of financial intermediation. The current economic realities require a detailed study of national banking systems, which largely developed historically, and methodological aspects of their evolution in the context of global transformations. The research subject. In the process of evolution of theoretical and conceptual approaches to the definition of the essence of money, banks, the banking system, the prevailing point of view on this issue has not yet taken a definite form. Nevertheless, the recognition of the effectiveness of banks as a factor of economic growth brings together the positions of competing schools of economic theory. Banks become a factor in the investment process even in the theoretical models of the neoclassical school, which traditionally denies the dependence of economic growth on the money supply. Endogenous growth models recognize the role of banks primarily as a factor in accumulating capital and increasing savings, as well as a mediator between owners of savings and borrowers. Although the Keynesian school of thought initially gave little weight to the functioning of the banking system, neo-Keynesian models have attempted to explain the importance of confidence in the banking system and the need for sound regulatory constraints. The above-mentioned has urged us to carry out this research. The methodological framework of the research is based on an analysis of research on the global debate about the nature of banks in the economy and the architecture of monetary policy. A wide range of theoretical and empirical research methods were used: systematic analysis, synthesis and generalization to formulate conclusions. The aim of the research is to generalize and systematize the evolution of perspectives on money in the interpretations of today’s main economic schools. Conclusion. The findings consist of a conceptualization views' evolution on money, the banking sector in a more open economy to capital flows, and our firm belief that the banking system and the related process of money issuance affect income levels cyclically and over the long term.

The paper deals with the analysis of the banking system of Ukraine. It is shown that for Ukraine the frequency and depth of crisis phenomena in the banking sector are exacerbated by the raw material orientation of the economy, underdeveloped domestic market and the circulation of foreign currency (dollarization of the economy). It should be noted that in the pre-crisis during 2006-2007, excessive mortgage lending created a "bubble" in the real estate market, which, comparing its devastating effects, corresponded to this phenomenon in the real estate market in the United States. Although the crisis of 2008-2009 demonstrated the vulnerability of the Ukrainian banking system to numerous economic and political upheavals, no significant changes in banking supervision took place to minimize systemic risks. Restoration of the banking system of Ukraine in 2015-2016 is generally in line with post-crisis trends to streamline the banking system and increase its efficiency in the world. At the same time, the weakness of the institutional environment makes it impossible to use both administrative tools and state development banks to increase productive lending in Ukraine. On the other hand, commercial banks will use refinancing loans instead of private-sector savings to lend. In this case, the probability of the need for financial support from banks increases, which will lead to a significant increase in public debt. Moreover, a system of vector autoregression models has been developed to research the impact of crisis periods on the performance of commercial banks in Ukraine. The simulation results (mainly the analysis of impulse response functions) allow concluding that interbank lending in post-crisis conditions recovers relatively rapidly (with a lag of two years). Lending to non-financial corporations and non-residents showed a decline and recovery only within four years after the crisis. Lending to the general government sector is growing every year, but at the same time loans to other resident sectors are declining. In addition, during the year after the crisis, the volume of deposits in the banking system is demonstrating a decrease. Other variables do not show any response to the crisis.