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The Harmonic Oscillator Seasonal-Trend (HOST) model allows for automated analysis and pattern recognition in time-series data with varying time domains. Developed as a Python package, the software performs the decomposition of data into short- and long-term components and uses a range of modified sine waves to model both behaviors. Waveform synthesis is then performed to compose the final model, incorporating both timeframes. The model allows for the extraction of n harmonics from the data, or signal (representing any time-series data) analysis, as well as parametric assessment, that includes: (1) occurrence analysis with related decision thresholds determined during topological analysis; (2) magnitude; and (3) extremes assessment. Calculations are performed automatically after the user specifies the study's needs. Performance varies depending on the dataseries used, with long-term patterns usually reaching a Kling-Gupta efficiency >0.9 and short-term patterns being around 0.5. A decrease in accuracy in the testing dataset is observed for binary occurrence classification, associated with low event occurrence during this period, which can be partially addressed by extending the test set length.

Abstract The ICARUS collaboration employed the 760-ton T600 detector in a successful 3-year physics run at the underground LNGS laboratory, performing a sensitive search for LSND-like anomalous $$\nu _e$$ ν e appearance in the CERN Neutrino to Gran Sasso beam, which contributed to the constraints on the allowed neutrino oscillation parameters to a narrow region around 1 eV $$^2$$ 2 . After a significant overhaul at CERN, the T600 detector has been installed at Fermilab. In 2020 the cryogenic commissioning began with detector cool down, liquid argon filling and recirculation. ICARUS then started its operations collecting the first neutrino events from the booster neutrino beam (BNB) and the Neutrinos at the Main Injector (NuMI) beam off-axis, which were used to test the ICARUS event selection, reconstruction and analysis algorithms. ICARUS successfully completed its commissioning phase in June 2022. The first goal of the ICARUS data taking will be a study to either confirm or refute the claim by Neutrino-4 short-baseline reactor experiment. ICARUS will also perform measurement of neutrino cross sections with the NuMI beam and several Beyond Standard Model searches. After the first year of operations, ICARUS will search for evidence of sterile neutrinos jointly with the Short-Baseline Near Detector, within the Short-Baseline Neutrino program. In this paper, the main activities carried out during the overhauling and installation phases are highlighted. Preliminary technical results from the ICARUS commissioning data with the BNB and NuMI beams are presented both in terms of performance of all ICARUS subsystems and of capability to select and reconstruct neutrino events.

Blast load calculations are a central aspect to most Facility Siting Studies (FSS) and Quantitative Risk Assessments (QRA) for chemical processing facilities. The calculated blast loads can have important impacts on new buildings at an existing facility that need to be properly understood for them to become design basis loads. This paper describes an efficient and cost effective method of selecting a building design that minimizes blast risk to the extent practical;Firstly, by reviewing predicted blast loads and associated frequencies to select potential building types that can be used to achieve the required level of personnel protection, such as pre-engineered steel frames, masonry building with load-bearing walls, and precast concrete tilt-up construction. Secondly, by developing structural models for each of the building types considered based on dynamic structural analyses of typical building components. The buildings’ blast load resistance can be graphically represented through pressure-impulse diagrams. Thirdly, by investigating the sensitivity of a building’s blast capacity to changes for each building model by modifying structural properties such as roof components, exterior walls and other critical components of the building. Fourthly, by determining a potential location for the building in the plant where a selected building construction type can be placed without exceeding a tolerable risk level. Finally, by estimating the additional construction cost to locate the building at other locations where blast loads are more severe. This paper assists in selecting cost-effective building design(s) to be considered in the planning and design stages by evaluating the material requirements of each building type to achieve acceptable performance. Sensitivity calculations can be performed to compare risk as a function of construction costs to allow a practical design to be selected.

Process equipment containing hazardous or flammable materials in petrochemical facilities can be subjected to significant blast loads from accidental Vapour Cloud Explosions (VCE). Storage tanks are of particular importance, since these can potentially contain significant amounts of such materials. Calculating the response (damage) of particular types of tank and associated equipment under explosion blast loads can be complicated and expensive. Moreover, determining if the predicted damage has any potential for releasing the contents of the tank can be challenging and involve complex calculations. Simplifications can be made to model certain types of equipment such as bullet tanks in order to obtain qualitative estimates of damage based on empirical data, analytical approximations, and observed damage from industrial explosions. The simplified models can be used to assess the potential for damage in terms of the peak pressure (P) and impulse (i) which is the integral of pressure-time function. These parameters can be used to define any blast load. Therefore, the damage estimate is not only dependent on the equivalent static pressure, but takes the blast duration into account. Pressure-impulse (P-i) curves can be used to graphically define the magnitude of any potential explosions as pressure-impulse combinations that cause specific damage levels. Using P-i curves developed for increasing damage levels, qualitative damage levels can be defined as the area bound in a pressure-impulse diagram between two curves. Calculated VCE blast loads can be plotted on the P-i diagram to perform qualitative blast assessment of the equipment damage. Furthermore, the tank (or other equipment) model can be used to produce damage contours on a plant plot plan that can be used as an aid in new plant facility siting.

No abstract available.

Reticulitermes termites play key roles in dead wood decomposition and nutrient cycling in forests. They also damage man-made structures, resulting in considerable economic loss. In the eastern United States, five species (R. flavipes, R. virginicus, R. nelsonae, R. hageni and R. malletei) have overlapping ranges and are difficult to distinguish morphologically. Here we present a molecular tool for species identification. It is based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of a section of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit II gene, followed by a three-enzyme restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay, with banding patterns resolved via agarose gel electrophoresis. The assay was designed using a large set of training data obtained from a public DNA sequence database, then evaluated using an independent test panel of Reticulitermes from the Southern Appalachian Mountains, for which species assignments were determined via phylogenetic comparison to reference sequences. After refining the interpretive framework, the PCR-RFLP assay was shown to provide accurate identification of four co-occurring species (the fifth species, R. hageni, was absent from the test panel, so accuracy cannot yet be extended to training data). The assay is cost- and time-efficient, and will help improve knowledge of Reticulitermes species distributions.

No abstract available.

SGLT1 (Na+/glucose co-transporter 1) transports the dietary sugars, D-glucose and D-galactose, from the lumen of the intestine into enterocytes. SGLT1 regulation has important consequences for the provision of glucose to the respiring tissues and is therefore essential for maintaining glucose homoeostasis. SGLT1 expression is directly regulated in response to changes in the sugar content of the diet. To monitor these variations, there is a requirement for a glucose-sensing system located on the luminal membrane of gut cells. This short review focuses on recent findings on intestinal sugar sensing and the downstream mechanisms responsible for enhancement in SGLT1 expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is shown that the absolute length $l'(w)$ of a Coxeter group element $w$ (i.e. the minimal length of an expression of $w$ as a product of reflections) is equal to the minimal number of simple reflections that must be deleted from a fixed reduced expression of $w$ so that the resulting product is equal to $e$, the identity element. Also, $l'(w)$ is the minimal length of a path in the (directed) Bruhat graph from the identity element $e$ to $w$, and $l'(w)$ is determined by the polynomial $R_{e,w}$ of Kazhdan and Lusztig. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]