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Traditional teaching practices lack student-focused learning, critical thinking, interactivity, creativity and student’s engagement in the classroom, which results in boredom and low motivation among students. Moreover, these practices disregard diversification or variability in learners in a classroom. To engage such learners and create better conceptual understanding and interest in the subject, a research study was conducted in which inclusive Universal Design for Learning (UDL) framework infused Project Based Learning (PBL) approach was used. The study was conducted on the students of grade 5 of NUST Creative Learning School (NCLS) Pakistan. On experimental group (grade 5 class), self-made questionnaires (MCQs based) both in pre and post-test was conducted for General Science subject. A quantitative case study was conducted for an in-depth investigation of the case and to understand the process and its effects on students’ learning. Data collection tools were predominantly quantitative tools with some qualitative aspects. This study proposed an idea for designing of evidence-based solutions to substitute the traditional teaching methods with UDL infused project-based learning lesson designs. Findings suggest that UDL complained PBL is an effective approach and framework to design adaptable and accessible learning content through research-based testing. It also recommends that such flexible lessons can approach a wide mix of different learner needs, abilities, prior knowledge, and learning styles to increase learning effectiveness and connect learner Knowledge to the real-world application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An important component of the pathogenicity of potentially pathogenic bacteria in humans is the urease enzyme. In order to avoid the detrimental impact of ureolytic bacterial infections, the inhibition of urease enzyme appears to be an appealing approach. Therefore, in the current study, morpholine-thiophene hybrid thiosemicarbazone derivatives (5a-i) were designed, synthesized and characterized through FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. A range of substituents including electron-rich, electron- deficient and inductively electron-withdrawing groups on the thiophene ring was successfully tolerated. The synthesized derivatives were evaluated in vitro for their potential to inhibit urease enzyme using the indophenol method. The majority of compounds were noticeably more potent than the conventional inhibitor, thiourea. The lead inhibitor, 2-(1-(5-chlorothiophen-2-yl)ethylidene)- N-(2-morpholinoethyl)hydrazinecarbothioamide (5g) inhibited the urease in an uncompetitive manner with an IC50 value of 3.80 ± 1.9 μM. The findings of the docking studies demonstrated that compound 5g has a strong affinity for the urease active site. Significant docking scores and efficient binding free energies were displayed by the lead inhibitor. Finally, the ADME properties of lead inhibitor (5g) suggested the druglikeness behavior with zero violation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vlogs, Recordings, news, sport coverages are huge sources of multimodal information that do not just limit to text but extend to audio, images and videos. Applications such as summary generation, image/video captioning, multimodal sentiment analysis, cross modal retrieval requires Computer Vision along with Natural Language Processing techniques to extract relevant information. Information from different modalities must be leveraged in order to extract quality content. Hence, reducing the gap between different modalities is of utmost importance. Image to text conversion is an emerging field and employs the use of encoder decoder architecture. Deep CNNs extract the feature of images and sequence to sequence models are used to generate text description. This paper is a contribution towards the growing body of research in multimodal information retrieval. In order to generate the textual description of images, we have performed 5 experiments using the benchmark Flickr8k dataset. In these experiments we have utilized different architectures - simple sequence to sequence model, attention mechanism, transformer-based architecture to name a few. The results have been evaluated using BLEAU score. Results show that the best descriptions are attained by making use of transformer architecture. We have also compared our results with the pretrained visual model vit-gpt2 that incorporates visual transformer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the role of service designers in bridging boundaries for the betterment of humanity and the planet. It emphasizes the need to redefine value creation in the context of complex systems and the interconnectedness of various actors. It discusses the challenges service designers face in justifying the importance of the immaterial aspects of their work, emphasizing the need to demonstrate the value of boundary-bridging efforts.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common form of lung cancer. Despite the existence of various therapeutic options, NSCLC is still a major health concern due to its aggressive nature and high mutation rate. Consequently, HER3 has been selected as a target protein along with EGFR because of its limited tyrosine kinase activity and ability to activate PI3/AKT pathway responsible for therapy failure. We herein used a BioSolveIT suite to identify potent inhibitors of EGFR and HER3. The schematic process involves screening of databases for constructing compound library comprising of 903 synthetic compounds (602 for EGFR and 301 for HER3) followed by pharmacophore modeling. The best docked poses of compounds with the druggable binding site of respective proteins were selected according to pharmacophore designed by SeeSAR version 12.1.0. Subsequently, preclinical analysis was performed via an online server SwissADME and potent inhibitors were selected. Compound 4k and 4m were the most potent inhibitors of EGFR while 7x effectively inhibited the binding site of HER3. The binding energies of 4k, 4m, and 7x were −7.7, −6.3 and −5.7 kcal/mol, respectively. Collectively, 4k, 4m and 7x showed favorable interactions with the most druggable binding sites of their respective proteins. Finally, in silico pre-clinical testing by SwissADME validated the non-toxic nature of compounds 4k, 4m and 7x providing a promising treatment option for chemoresistant NSCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of diseases with several neuropathological symptoms. Degenerative nerve diseases can be serious or life‐threatening. Because of the rise in the older population in recent years, these age‐dependent diseases are becoming more and more common. The WHO reports that within a few years, neurodegenerative diseases will overtake cancer to become the second leading cause of fatalities with cardiovascular diseases being the first. All neurodegenerative diseases have a common ground in that they are all associated with some sort of gene mutation leading to subsequent protein dysfunction. This review focuses on 6 neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, spinal muscular atrophy, spinocerebellar ataxia, and prions disease. The study aims to provide a basic understanding of the onset, epidemiology, causes, and role of associated proteins of the neurodegenerative diseases and will also go over any treatments which are currently being employed for the specific diseases. This presented data will allow to establish a slight comparison between the mentioned diseases and highlight any similarities and dissimilarities they may possess, thus providing the scientific community with basic knowledge on these diseases to help future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gastric ulcer is a deep hole in the stomach wall that penetrates the entire mucosa. About 10 % of the world population suffers from gastrointestinal tract disorders frequently known as gastric ulcers. Synthetic drugs are used to prevent gastric ulcers by suppressing the formation of gastric acid or stopping bacterial infections, however, these synthetic drugs have a number of harmful effects. Therefore, drug candidates with improved potency and minimal toxicity are crucial for the treatment and management of gastric ulcers. Recently, there has been a lot of interest in the medicinal potential of plants and their ability to treat gastric ulcers. There is an urgent need for herbal remedies to treat ulcers, and Aegle marmelos presents a better option due to scientifically proven antibacterial and antiulcer properties. In this context, A. marmelos highlights various benefits including anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It is well known that every component of A. marmelos has therapeutic and medical use. The two main causes of stomach ulcers are Helicobacter pylori and NSAIDs. A. marmelos shows strong antioxidant and antiulcer effects and guard against H. pylori‐caused ulcers on the stomach mucosa by inhibiting secretory factors and activating antioxidant processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer has become the silent killer in less-developed countries and the most significant cause of morbidity worldwide. The accessible and frequently used treatments include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. Chemotherapeutic drugs traditionally involve using plant-based medications either in the form of isolated compounds or as scaffolds for synthetic drugs. To launch a drug in the market, it has to pass through several intricate steps. The multidrug resistance in cancers calls for novel drug discovery and development. Every year anticancer potential of several plant-based compounds and extracts is reported but only a few advances to clinical trials. The false-positive or negative results impact the progress of the cell-based anticancer assays. There are several cell-based assays but the widely used include MTT, MTS, and XTT. In this article, we have discussed various pitfalls and workable solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solving complex problems requires collaboration across multiple disciplines. Learning-oriented organisations actively work towards breaking down silos to enable a culture of collaboration and create exceptional experiences for their customers and employees. However, achieving meaningful collaboration is hard work. The journey towards it is akin to therapy for the organisation. It requires deep reflection, courage to accept challenges, commitment to work on them, and – most of all – embracing vulnerability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proteins are the second most essential macromolecules after nucleic acids. This article aimed at the comparative analysis of extraction methods and nutritional benefits of milk and dairy products. Proteins form the body mass and perform several crucial tasks that include acting as a catalyst and carrying out different metabolic reactions in the body. Furthermore, protein acts as a transporter, transmits nerve impulses, provides mechanical support or immune protection, and controls growth. Several sources of proteins are present, but milk holds an important place due to its biological activities. The considerable health benefits of milk and its products are due to proteins. Yoghurt and cheese have significant importance among milk products. Proteins of milk and its products can be extracted by pH adjustment through homogenisation, centrifugation, and deproteinisation. There are several techniques for identifying and quantifying milk and product proteins. The Kjeldahl and spectrophotometric methods are the most widely used methods for quantifying proteins in milk and its products. Furthermore, these techniques include electrophoresis and chromatographic methods, including native gel electrophoresis, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), urea-PAGE, capillary electrophoresis, and isoelectric focusing. A few are chromatographic methods like reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), size exclusion chromatography, and ion-exchange chromatography. Each technique has its advantages as well as disadvantages. The selection of the process depends upon the type of protein. The extracted proteins from milk and its products have many health or therapeutic effects that exhibit antimicrobial, antiproliferative, antioxidant, antihypertensive, anticancer, antiviral, and immunomodulatory effects. Yoghurt has prime importance among milk products because of its therapeutic effects and more protein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microwave and conventional techniques were employed to synthesize a novel array of compounds 7a-g with 1,2,4-triazole and piperidine rings having great biological importance. The microwave assisted method has a better operational scope with respect to time and yield comparative to the conventional method. 'H-NMR, l3C-NMR and IR techniques were employed to justify the structure of synthesized compounds. The antioxidant, butyrylcholinesterase inhibition and urease inhibition potential of every synthesized compound was evaluated. Every member of the synthesized series was found potent against mentioned activities. Compound 7g was the most active anti-urease agent having IC50(pM) value 16.5±0.09 even better than the thiourea with an IC50 (pM) value of 24.3±0.24. The better urease inhibition potential of 7g was also elaborated and explained by docking and bovine serum albumin (BSA) binding studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]