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The micro- and macro-complications in diabetes mellitus (DM) mainly arise from the damage induced by Amadori and advanced glycation end products, as well as the released free radicals. The primary goal of DM treatment is to reduce the risk of micro- and macro-complications. In this study, we looked at the efficacy of aminoguanidine (AG) to prevent the production of early glycation products in alloxan-diabetic rabbits. Type1 DM was induced in rabbits by a single intravenous injection of alloxan (90 mg/kg body weight). Another group of rabbits was pre-treated with AG (100 mg/kg body weight) prior to alloxan injection; this was followed by weekly treatment with 100 mg/kg of AG for eight weeks. Glucose, insulin, and early glycation products (HbA1C and fructosamine) were measured in control, diabetic and AG treated diabetic rabbits. The effects of hyperglycemia on superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), reduced glutathione (rGSH), nitric oxide, lipid peroxides, and protein carbonyl were investigated. Alloxan-diabetic rabbits had lower levels of SOD, CAT, Gpx, and rGSH than control rabbits. Nitric oxide levels were considerably greater. AG administration restored the activities of SOD, CAT, Gpx enzymes up to 70–80% and ameliorated the nitric oxide production. HbA1c and fructosamine levels were considerably lower in AG-treated diabetic rabbits. The observed control of hyperglycemia and amadori adducts in alloxan-diabetic rabbits by AG may be attributed to decrease of stress and restoration of antioxidant defenses.

Abstract Methylglyoxal (MG) is a reactive dicarbonyl intermediate and a precursor of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). The authors investigated the role played by AGEs in muscle myopathy and the amelioration of its effects by curcumin and gingerol. In addition to producing phenotypical changes, MG increased oxidative stress and reduced myotube formation in C2C12 cells. RAGE (receptor for AGEs) expression was up-regulated and MYOD and myogenin (MYOG) expressions were concomitantly down-regulated in MG-treated cells. Interestingly, AGE levels were higher in plasma (~32 fold) and muscle (~26 fold) of diabetic mice than in control mice. RAGE knock-down (RAGEkd) reduced the expressions of MYOD and MYOG and myotube formation in C2C12 cells. In silico studies of interactions between curcumin or gingerol and myostatin (MSTN; an inhibitor of myogenesis) and their observed affinities for activin receptor type IIB (ACVRIIB) suggested curcumin and gingerol reduce the interaction between MSTN and ACVRIIB. The findings of this study suggest enhanced AGE production and subsequent RAGE-AGE interaction obstruct the muscle development program, and that curcumin and gingerol attenuate the effect of AGEs on myoblasts.

Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are heterogeneous group of compounds, known to be implicated in diabetic complications. One of the consequences of the Maillard reaction is attributed to the production of reactive intermediate products such as α-oxoaldehydes. 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG), an α-oxoaldehyde has been found to be involved in accelerating vascular damage during diabetes. In the present study, calf thymus histone H3 was treated with 3-deoxyglucosone to investigate the generation of AGEs (Nε-carboxymethyllysine, pentosidine), by examining the degree of side chain modifications and formation of different intermediates and employing various physicochemical techniques. The results clearly indicate the formation of AGEs and structural changes upon glycation of H3 by 3-deoxyglucosone, which may hamper the normal functioning of H3 histone, that may compromise the veracity of chromatin structures and function in secondary complications of diabetes.

Introduction: To enhance the success of dental implants, it is crucial to understand the factors contributing to implant failure. Practitioners should carefully evaluate the relevance and impact of critical risk factors associated with the mandibular anterior region to gauge the potential for implant failure. Aim: To assess the rates of implant failure for implants placed in the mandibular anterior region. Materials and Methods: For this systematic review, the eligibility criteria for present study included randomised and non randomised clinical trials, prospective cohort studies, and retrospective studies published in the English language between 2000 and 2022. These studies specifically documented dental implant failure rates in the anterior mandible, excluding reviews, in-vitro, cadaveric, and animal studies, as well as case series studies. The participants considered were systemically and mentally healthy individuals aged 18-90 years who had undergone oral restoration using dental implants in the anterior mandibular area. Exclusion criteria involved patients who did not undergo oral restoration with dental implants in the anterior mandibular region, those with systemic diseases affecting implant success, serious cardiac diseases, deficient homeostasis, blood dyscrasias, and psychological diseases. The intervention focused on patients rehabilitated with cortical dental implants in the mandibular anterior region, without a specific comparator or control. Based on the mentioned criteria, nine studies were included. The main outcome of interest was the dental implant failure rate. Results: The review's included studies indicated the placement of 3,718 implants in the mandibular anterior region, with 86 failures, resulting in a 2.31% failure rate, suggesting an approximate 3% failure rate for implants in this area. Conclusion: Given the multifactorial nature of implant failure, the available literature does not support the designation of the mandibular anterior region as a specific risk factor for such failures.

The protein contents of cowpea and soy that are significantly different are studied. It is observed that the characteristics of cowpea (CPI) might be useful to explain its functionalities for application in food systems.

This study examines the influence of gender, age, education, living area and marital status as socio-demographic indicators and financial literacy toward investment decisions. The research was conducted in South Sulawesi, Indonesia with 167 respondents. The sample used was purposive sampling, with the specific criteria for the level of Indonesian wealth. Quantitative methods and a problem-solving approach were used. We found that gender has a negative and significant effect, education, living area, and marital status positively and significantly affect investment decisions. Women tend to prefer low-risk investments compared to men largely attributed to lower levels of financial literacy among women. In terms of education, investors with higher levels of education are more likely to make more informed investment decisions as they demonstrate improved risk management skills and a higher level of financial literacy. The living area also influences their investment decisions, with urban investors having easier access to information and knowledge about investments. Marital status also affects investment decisions, as married investors often prioritize the responsibility of their investments. However, age have a negative and not significant on investment decisions. This can be explained by the higher number of younger people becoming involved in investment decisions.

Background. The study objectives were (a) to describe the occurrence, types, and preventability of adverse drug events (ADEs) in hospitalized patients 70 years of age and older; (b) to examine the association between potential risk factors and ADEs; and (c) to examine the relationship of an ADE occurrence and hospital length of stay (LOS) and functional decline. Method. Consecutive general medical admissions (n = 157) of community-dwelling persons were prospectively monitored daily for ADE occurrence. Admission assessment included demographic factors, cognition, preadmission medication use, and functional status. Discharge assessment included functional status, LOS, discharge diagnoses, and medication use during the hospitalization. Results, Twenty-three patients (14.6%) experienced 28 probable ADEs, of which 54.2% (13/24) were judged to be potentially preventable. Patients experiencing an ADE had a significantly lower mean Mini-Mental State Examination score (23.6 [+ or -] 4.3 vs 25.5 [+ or -] 3.6, p = .039) and were prescribed significantly more new inpatient medications (4.0 [+ or -] 2.3 vs 2.6 [+ or -] 1.7, p = .01) compared to non-ADE patients. Age, gender, functional status prior to admission, percent with more than four active diagnoses, or number of preadmission medications were not associated with ADE status. Upon discharge, 50.0% of ADE patients experienced a decline in one or more activities of daily living (ADLs), compared with 24.1% of non-ADE patients (p = .017). ADE patients had a longer LOS (8.7 [+ or -] 4.9 vs 6.6 [+ or -] 3.0 days, p = .022) compared to non-ADE patients. Conclusions. ADEs were associated with number of new inpatient medications and admission cognitive status, but not demographic, disease, or physical function variables. Patients experiencing an ADE were more likely to experience a longer LOS and to decline in ADL function. ADEs may be one factor contributing to functional decline during hospitalization. Future research in this area should include larger samples and multivariable analyses controlling for potential confounders.

The micro- and macro-complications in diabetes mellitus (DM) mainly arise from the damage induced by Amadori and advanced glycation end products, as well as the released free radicals. The primary goal of DM treatment is to reduce the risk of micro- and macro-complications. In this study, we looked at the efficacy of aminoguanidine (AG) to prevent the production of early glycation products in alloxan-diabetic rabbits. Type1 DM was induced in rabbits by a single intravenous injection of alloxan (90 mg/kg body weight). Another group of rabbits was pre-treated with AG (100 mg/kg body weight) prior to alloxan injection; this was followed by weekly treatment with 100 mg/kg of AG for eight weeks. Glucose, insulin, and early glycation products (HbA1C and fructosamine) were measured in control, diabetic and AG treated diabetic rabbits. The effects of hyperglycemia on superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), reduced glutathione (rGSH), nitric oxide, lipid peroxides, and protein carbonyl were investigated. Alloxan-diabetic rabbits had lower levels of SOD, CAT, Gpx, and rGSH than control rabbits. Nitric oxide levels were considerably greater. AG administration restored the activities of SOD, CAT, Gpx enzymes up to 70–80% and ameliorated the nitric oxide production. HbA1c and fructosamine levels were considerably lower in AG-treated diabetic rabbits. The observed control of hyperglycemia and amadori adducts in alloxan-diabetic rabbits by AG may be attributed to decrease of stress and restoration of antioxidant defenses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The functional properties of protein isolates prepared from three cowpea varieties and two soybean varieties in each of 2y are determined. It is observed that both cowpea protein isolate and soy protein isolate showed a u-shaped curve for solubility occurring at ph 4.5.

Introduction: Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are contributing factors to diabetes complications. The antigenic nature of AGEs established the theory of incessant accumulation of AGEs can incite an autoimmune response in a diabetic patient. Glycating agents like 3-deoxyglucosone are increased in diabetic patients, leading to the high formation of AGEs aggravating the pathophysiological conditions in diabetes. We aimed to study the immunogenicity of glycated histone H1 protein and AGEs (N-carboxymethyl-lysine and pentosidine) as well as detection of autoantibodies in the sera of type 2 diabetic subjects. Materials and Methods: Female rabbits were injected with native H1 and glycated-H1 to discern its immunogenicity. Diabetic subjects’ sera were also scanned for the detection of autoantibodies against glycated-H1 and AGEs using immunochemical assay technique. Results: Glycated-H1 was highly immunogenic, unlike the native analog. Diabetic sera showed 48% (72 of 150 samples) significantly strong binding with glycated-H1, further sera also showed 40% (60 of 150 samples), and 36% (54 of 150 samples) strong binding with CML, and pentosidine, respectively. Conclusion: The findings support modified H1 as well AGEs are highly immunogenic in nature. The presence of autoantibodies against glycated-H1 and AGEs may be utilized in the assessment of diabetes or its complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pendidikan merupakan suatu lembaga yang sangat penting dalam menjamin kelangsungan kehidupan masyarakat madani, dalam lembaga pendidikan sumber daya manusia memerlukan manajemen yang efektif dan efisien agar lembaga tersebut dapat mencapai tujuannya, begitu pula dalam melaksanakan program sekolah mengemudi, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana Implementasi Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia dan Implementasi Program Sekolah Penggerak di SDN Sukabumi 2 Kota Probolinggo. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif studi kasus. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa SDN Sukabumi 2 Kota Probolinggo telah melakukan pengelolaan sumber daya manusia dengan baik meliputi perencanaan, rekrutmen yang meliputi psikotes, kesehatan dan wawancara, pengembangan, kompensasi dan pemutusan hubungan kerja.

Objectives Extracranial to intracranial (EC-IC) bypass is an important part of the armamentarium of a neurosurgeon in managing different vascular and neoplastic pathologies. Here, we report our initial experiences of EC-IC bypasses as experiences in the ‘learning curve’, including preparation and training of the surgeon, getting cases, patient selection, imaging, operative skills and microtechniques, complications, follow-up, and outcome. Lessons learned from the ‘learning curve experiences’ can be very useful for young vascular neurosurgeons who are going to start EC-IC bypass or have already started to perform and find themselves in the learning curve. Methods From July 2009 to September 2018, 100 EC-IC bypasses were performed. We looked back to these cases of EC-IC bypass as our initial or ‘learning curve’ experiences. The recorded data of patient management (EC-IC bypass patient) were reviewed retrogradely. Our preparation for EC-IC bypass was described briefly. Case selection, indications, preparation of the patient for operation, techniques and technical experiences, preoperative difficulties and challenges, postoperative follow-up, complications, patency status of the bypass, and ultimate results were reviewed and studied. Result A total of 100 bypasses were performed in 83 patients, of which 43 were male and 40 were female. The age range was from 04 to 72 years old (average 32 years old). Eleven patients were lost to follow-up postoperatively after 3 months and they were not even available for telephone follow-up. The follow-up period ranged from 3 to 120 months (average of18.4 months). Eight bypasses were high flow bypasses, whereas the number of low flow STA-MCA bypasses was 92. Indication of bypass were (in 83 cases):1. Arterial stenosis/occlusion/dissection causing cerebral ischemia (middle cerebral artery [MCA] stenosis/occlusion-05, MCA dissection-04, internal carotid artery [ICA] occlusion-19); 2. Intracranial aneurysm-30; 3. Moya-Moya disease-21; and 4. Direct carotid cavernous fistula [CCF]-04. Common clinical presentation was hemiparesis & dysphasia in ischemic group with history of transient ischemic attack (H/O TIA) (including Moya Moya disease). Features of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) were the presenting symptoms in intracranial aneurysm group. The average ischemic time, due to clamping of recipient artery, was 28 minutes (range: 20–60 minutes). There was no clamp-related infarction. Two anastomoses were found thrombosed intraoperatively. One preoperatively ambulant patient deteriorated neurologically in the postoperative period. She developed hemiplegia but improved later. Here, the cause seemed to be hyperperfusion. Headache resolved in all cases. TIA and seizures were also gone postoperatively. Ophthalmoplegia recovered in all cases in which it was present, except in one CCF, in which abducent nerve palsy persisted. Complete unilateral total blindness developed in one patient postoperatively (due to ophthalmic artery occlusion), where high flow bypass with ICA occlusion were performed. Red eye and proptosis were cured in CCF cases. Motor and sensory dysphasia improved in all cases in which it was present, except for one case in which preoperative global aphasia converted to sensory aphasia in the postoperative period. Three patients died in the postoperative period. The rest of the patients improved postoperatively. All patients were ambulant with static neurostatus and without new stroke/TIA until the last follow-up. All bypasses were patent until the last follow-up. Conclusion The initial experiences of 100 cases of EC-IC bypass revealed even in inexperienced hand mortality and morbidity in properly indicated cases were low and result were impressive according to the pathological group and aim of bypass. Lessons learned from these experiences can be very helpful for new and beginner bypass neurosurgeons

Non-enzymatic glycation is the addition of a free carbonyl group of a reducing sugar to the free amino groups of proteins, which results in the formation of early and advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). Glycation reaction is profoundly associated with diabetes and its secondary complications, such as nephropathy and neuropathy. Glyoxal is a carbonyl species that reacts rapidly with the free amino groups of proteins to form AGEs. While the formation of AGEs with various glycating agents has previously been demonstrated, no extensive studies have been conducted to assess the role of quercetin in all three stages of glycation (early, intermediate and late). In this study, we report the glycation of HSA (human serum albumin) and its characterization by several spectroscopic techniques. Furthermore, inhibition of products at all stages of glycation was studied by various assays. Spectroscopic analysis suggests structural perturbations in the HSA macromolecule as a result of modification, which might be due to the generation of free radicals and the formation of AGEs. Inhibition in the formation of glycation has established that quercetin is a better and a more potent antiglycating agent than aminoguanidine at all stages of glycation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are heterogeneous group of compounds, known to be implicated in diabetic complications. One of the consequences of the Maillard reaction is attributed to the production of reactive intermediate products such as α-oxoaldehydes. 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG), an α-oxoaldehyde has been found to be involved in accelerating vascular damage during diabetes. In the present study, calf thymus histone H3 was treated with 3-deoxyglucosone to investigate the generation of AGEs (Nε-carboxymethyllysine, pentosidine), by examining the degree of side chain modifications and formation of different intermediates and employing various physicochemical techniques. The results clearly indicate the formation of AGEs and structural changes upon glycation of H3 by 3-deoxyglucosone, which may hamper the normal functioning of H3 histone, that may compromise the veracity of chromatin structures and function in secondary complications of diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Loss of functional independence occurs frequently with hospitalization. In community-dwelling elders, lower extremity disability is an important predictor of functional loss. Ambulation assistive devices (canes, walkers), as markers of lower extremity disability, may predict functional decline associated with hospitalization, but this has not been evaluated previously. We sought to determine the association of mobility impairment, as indicated by cane or walker use prehospitalization, with adverse outcomes at hospital discharge and 3 months post discharge.Methods: Subjects were community-dwelling adults (N = 1212) aged 70 and older, hospitalized for acute medical illness. The study was a secondary analysis of the Hospital Outcomes Project for the Elderly, a prospective randomized trial at three university and two private acute-care hospitals, which randomized patients to usual care or an intervention group designed to maintain functional abilities.Results: After controlling for demographic and illness-related characteristics and prehospital function, mobility impairment was significantly associated with functional decline. Use of a walker was associated with 2.8 times increased risk for decline in ADL function by hospital discharge (p = .0002). Three months after discharge, patients who used assistive devices prior to hospitalization were more likely to have declined in both ADLs (p = .02) and IADLs (p = .003).Conclusions: Hospitalized patients with mobility impairment, as indicated by use of a cane or a walker, are at high risk for functional decline. Such patients may benefit from more intensive in-hospital and post-hospital rehabilitative therapy to maintain function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by inflammation of the knee joint, which is caused by accumulation of cytokines and C-reactive protein (CRP) in the extracellular matrix as an early immune response to infection. The articular cartilage destruction is discernible by elevated tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). In this study, blood samples of knee osteoarthritis patients were analyzed for biochemical and physiological parameters based on the lipid profile, uric acid, total leukocyte count (TLC), hemoglobin percentage (Hb%) and absolute lymphocyte count (ALC). Furthermore, immunological parameters including TNF-α, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and CRP were analyzed. The presence of antibodies against hydroxyl radical modified collagen-II (•OH-collagen-II) was also investigated in arthritis patients using direct binding ELISA. The uric acid and lipid profiles changed extensively. Specifically, increased uric acid levels were associated with OA in both genders, as were enhanced immunological parameters. The TNF-α level also increased in both genders suffering from OA. Finally, auto-antibodies against OH-collagen II antigen were found in the sera of arthritis patients. These results indicated that immunological parameters are better predictors or indexes for diagnosis of OA than biochemical parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advanced glycation end-products comprise a complex and heterogeneous group of compounds that have been implicated in diabetes-related complications. The importance of the Maillard reaction is depicted by the formation of reactive intermediate products known as α-oxoaldehydes, such as 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG). This product has been found to be involved in accelerated vascular damage in diabetes. In the present study, calf thymus histone H2A was reacted with 3-DG, and the generation of advanced glycation end products was investigated by determining the degree of side chain modifications (lysine and arginine residues), Amadori products, carbonyl content, Nε-carboxymethyl lysine, and pentosidine using various physicochemical techniques. Moreover, fluorescence, absorbance as well as structural characteristics of glycated-H2A were comprehensively investigated. Overall, this study demonstrates structural perturbation, formation of different intermediates, and AGEs that are believed to hamper the normal functioning of H2A histone, compromising the integrity of chromatin structures and function in secondary complications of diabetes. © 2014 IUBMB Life, 66(10):686-693, 2014 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Even after the failure of EC-IC bypass trial, EC- IC bypass can help many patients in preventing future stroke. Here we present a case series of patients with cerebral ischemia from different etiological modes who underwent EC-IC bypass with positive end results. Methods: Patients in these cases series with TIA/stroke/recurrent stroke were evaluated clinically for the history of TIA or recurrent/hemodynamic TIA (in rest or during work) or progressive hemiparesis/aphasia/visual disturbances or sudden hemiplegia/hemiparesis/aphasia with subsequent significant (days to a week) recovery. MRI of the brain was done in ischemic protocol in all cases. To see the arterial pathology dynamic CTA was also done in all cases except one case. DSA was done in 03 cases. When clinical features, cerebral ischemia on MRI and arterial stenosis/occlusion on angiogram were concordant with each other, only then cerebral revascularization was done. After bypass, all patients were followed up regularly. All recorded data were reviewed retrospectively. Results: Total no. of cases were 08. The most common presentation was hemiparesis. Etiologies were infective thrombosis of ICA, orbital cellulitis, thrombosed giant ICA aneurysm, single & multiple vessel occlusion and MCA stenosis. High flow EC-IC bypass was done in one case. STA- MCA bypass was done in rest of the cases. All patient were ambulant with static neuro-status without new stroke till last follow up. All bypasses were patent and functioning till last follow up (clinical, Doppler/Imaging). Conclusion: In carefully selected cases cerebral revascularization in ischemic conditions can result positive outcome.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is used in curative and palliative treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HN- SCC) and other oral lesions. Oral infections (such as mucosal and endodontic infections, periodontal diseases, caries, and peri-implantitis) are among the specific targets where PDT can be applied Photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy depends on the local dose deposited in the lesion as well as oxygen availability in the lesion. Further long-term clinical studies are necessary in establishing a more specific place of the technique in the field of dentistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peroxynitrite is a bifaceted reactive species. It can oxidize and nitrate proteins/nucleic acids/lipids and is involved in inflammation, apoptosis, cytotoxicity and autoimmune disorders of unknown etiology, including SLE. In this study, H3 histone exposed to peroxynitrite caused loss of tertiary structure, nitration of tyrosine residues and dityrosine formation. Experimentally produced antibodies against peroxynitrite-modified H3 histone showed specificity for the immunogen. However, cross-reactions with other nitrated proteins were also observed. We further investigated the binding of SLE autoantibodies with native DNA, native H3 histone and peroxynitrite-modified H3 histone to explore the possible role of modified-H3 histone in the initiation and/or progression of SLE in a sub-group of patients. The results showed preferential binding of SLE anti-nDNA autoantibodies to peroxynitrite-modified H3 histone. The visual detection of immune complex formation with native and peroxynitrite-modified H3 histone reiterated preferential binding of SLE autoantibodies with modified H3 histone. It may be concluded that anti-histone autoantibodies seen in a sub-group of SLE patients might be due to the immunogenicity of peroxynitrite-modified H3 histone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Results from a series of crop sequence and single-year experiments that tested different straw and cultivation treatments in a total of 11 site–season combinations confirmed previous evidence that the development of eyespot disease in cereals can be decreased by debris in the seed bed even if that debris includes eyespot-infected stem bases, which are the principal sources of primary inoculum. Two of the experiments, which followed non-cereal break crops and tested the effects of crop debris applied after ploughing or tining on eyespot in winter wheat that was artificially inoculated with Oculimacula spp., provided convincing evidence that the effects can be attributed to the debris per se, and not to any associated husbandry practices. There were often larger effects on disease in summer than in spring or on severity than on incidence suggesting that the effects of debris cannot be explained solely by effects on inoculum or initial infection, and that debris has a disease-suppressive effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sweetpotato leaves contain biologically active anthocyanins that have significant medicinal value for certain human diseases and may also be used as natural food colorants. Foliar anthocyanins and their relative abundance were investigated in leaves of sweetpotato cultivars 'Shimon-1', 'Kyushu-119', and 'Elegant Summer' grown under artificial shading and different temperature conditions. High-performance liquid chromatography profiles of the cultivars tested showed similar peaks but with peak areas differing with cultivar, temperature and shading. The relative quantity of individual anthocyanin was YGM (Yamagawamurashaki)-la> YGM-4b> YGM-1b> YGM-5a> YGM-0d> YGM-0a> YGM-2> YGM-0c> YGM-3> YGM-6> YGM-5b> YGM-0b> YGM-0f> YGM-0e> YGM0g. Seven were peonidin and eight cyanidin derivatives. The highest anthocyanin contents were found in plants grown at a moderate temperature (20 °C) with lower levels at 25 and 30 °C. The leaves of plants grown in full sun accumulated significantly more total as well as the major individual anthocyanins than plants grown in 40% and 80% shade. The results indicate that growing sweetpotatoes at moderate temperatures and without shading facilitates the accumulation of anthocyanins in the leaves. The anthocyanin composition of the leaves is discussed relative to their physiological function in human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three separate experiments showed that wheat tissue infected with the cereal eyespot fungus, Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides, produced fewer spores in the presence of chopped wheat straw than when it was absent. This provides a possible explanation for earlier observations that there was often less eyespot in plots where straw had been incorporated than where it had been burnt. Sporulation on eyespot infected wheat tissue was not closely correlated with the viability of P. herpotrichoides, which could usually be isolated from infected tissue for some time after it had apparently lost the ability to produce spores. Many of the colonies that were isolated from such tissue also failed to sporulate under the conditions used but non sporulating colonies were less common amongst those isolated from tissue that had been mixed with chopped straw than from tissue that had not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The ability to walk independently may become jeopardized during hospitalization. It is unknown which patients are at risk for decline in walking, or to what extent patients will recover. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of, risk factors for, and outcomes associated with new walking dependence after hospitalization.Methods: Baseline characteristics and functional outcomes at hospital discharge and 3 months after discharge were measured for 1,181 community-dwelling adults aged 70 and over who were hospitalized for medical illness and who walked independently prior to hospitalization.Results: At discharge, 16.8% of patients were newly dependent in walking. Risk factors included age > 85 (odds ratio [OR] 2.7 vs age <75, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.5-4.9), functional impairment before hospitalization (OR 1.4 for each impairment, CI 1.1-1.7), Caucasian race (OR 1.9, CI 1.1-3.3), and use of a walker (OR 1.8, CI 1.04-3.2) or wheelchair (OR 3.2, CI 1.3-7.6) before admission. A cancer diagnosis (OR 2.3, CI 1.2-4.6) and more than four comorbid conditions (OR 1.9, CI 1.2-3.0) were also predictive. New walking dependence was associated with discharge to a nursing home (p = .0001) and higher postdischarge mortality (p < .001). Twenty-seven percent of patients who developed new walking dependence and survived 3 months continued to be dependent in walking.Conclusions: New walking dependence occurs frequently with hospitalization, may be predicted by specific risk factors, and portends a poor prognosis. Strategies are needed to help at-risk patients maintain walking independence during and after hospitalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate chronic back pain improvement after single dose of epidural steroid plus li- gnocaine injection in both sexes. Methods: A consecutive cases series of 65 patients having age of ³18 to 80 years and of both sexes from one institution were retrospectively studied. The study was conducted from January 2011 to July It was designed to evaluate the pain improvement after single dose of epidural steroid plus li- gnocaine injection with lumbar interlaminar technique in chronic back pain patients. Patients were di- vided into two groups, to assess the effectiveness of pain relief following the injection in between different age groups with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), evidence of lumber disc prolapse and non-responder to oral medication were included. Those having red-flags (neurosurgical deficit) for surgical intervention were excluded from the study. Chronic back pain patients were treated with single dose of lumbar interlaminar epidural steroid plus lignocaine injection. Follow-up visits were carried out to assess pain reduction by patient perception as well as decrease requirement of oral medication. Result: Out of all 65 patients, 28 were male. Mean age of 50.04 ± 14.26 range 18-80 years. After the epidural steroid plus lignocaine injection, all patients of both the groups showed decrease in pain severity, evidenced by both patient perception and decrease requirement for oral medication. There was no gender difference. Two patients needed second injection after interval of 6 months. One fe- male developed spinal anaesthesia after the injection, who recovered within 1 week. Conclusion: This study concludes that epidural injection of steroid plus lignocaine is effective and safe in relieving chronic back pain in both sexes.

Rainbow watersnake is a snake that can be found in ponds, has a relatively medium body, a maximum length of 80 cm, generally between 50-60 cm, small-headed, a rather large belly, and short-tailed. The aim of this study is to determine the structure of the histology of the lungs of watersnake (Enhydris enhydris). This study used a sample of 3 watersnakes (Enhydris enhydris) with a body length of ± 50 cm. This study conducted a micro technical method with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Data obtained from the results of this study were analyzed descriptively and presented in the form of images. Macroscopic observations of the warp in snakes are long, most of the trachea attaches to the warp, and there are water sacs or swimming pouches at the tip of the warp, as well as the histological features of the snakes' warp, alveolar ducts, alveolar sac and alveoli, the histological structure of the lungs in watersnakes (Enhydris enhydris) consist of type 1 alveoli epithelial cells, type 2 alveoli cells, muscle bundles, connective tissue, capillary vessels, and macrophage cells. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the histological structure of the watersnake (Enhydris enhydris) lung is different from the histological structure of the reptile function in general. In the lungs of watersnakes (Enhydris enhydris) only consists of alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli, and the presence of water sacs at the ends of the lungs.

Non-invasive measurement hormones in feces using enzyme immunoassay (EIA) technique needs to be validated. This study was conducted to develop and validate an enzyme immunoassay kit for measuring the concentration of cortisol metabolites in feces of Toraya buffalo. An EIA kit of 11β-hydroxyetiocholanolone (11β-hydroxy-CM assay) was developed and validated analytically and biologically using feces of Toraya Buffalo for cortisol metabolite measurements. Analytical validation comprises the parallelism test, accuracy, precision, and assay sensitivity. Biological validation performed by comparing concentration cortisol metabolites in feces of Toraya buffalo before and after pa’silaga tedong, a fighting contest of buffalo during the death ceremony of rambu solo at Tana Toraja, South Sulawesi Province. Results showed that the curve of serial dilution of fecal samples was parallel with the 11β-hydroxy-CM standard curves. The accuracy and sensitivity of the 11β-hydroxy-CM assay were 96.21%±7.59 and 0.78pg/well, respectively. The precision based on coefficient variation (CV) of intraand inter-assay was < 10% and < 15%, respectively. Biological validation results showed that cortisol metabolites concentrations after pa’silaga tedong were increased 3-10 fold than before pa’silaga tedong. In conclusion, the 11β-hydroxy-CM assay is a reliable assay for measuring cortisol metabolites in feces of Toraya buffalo.

This study was aimed to obtain information on pet owners understanding towards animal health control in the City of Banda Aceh. The survey was conducted by interview pet owners those visited Veterinary clinics in the City of Banda Aceh. A number of 51 pet owners were included as respondent in this study. The interview was conducted using a structure questionnaire, which contained both open and closed questions. The pet owners were interviewed for the knowledge, attitude, and practice toward animal health control. Data obtained in this study were analysed descriptively, continued with chi-square test. The results showed that most of the owners interviewed in three animal clinics in the City of Banda Aceh were keeping cats as their pet animals (98.04%), and a few proportion of them were the owner of dogs. At proportion of 60.78% of the pet owners were women, and men only 39.22%. Statistical analysis showed that there were significant association (p

The objective of this study was to determine the correlation between spermatozoa morphometry and testosterone concentration in the epididymal caput, corpus, and cauda of aceh cattle. The epididymal sperm swab slides were stained using Williams's staining to examined the morphology and morphometry of spermatozoa whereas the level of testosterone from epididymal caput, corpus, and cauda extract was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The data of sperm morphology were presented descriptively whereas the data of sperm morphometry and testosterone concentration were analyzed using one way ANOVA. Pearson correlation test was conducted to know the correlation between the total length of spermatozoa (TLS) and testosterone concentration in three parts of epididymis. The result showed that the sperm morphology in caput, corpus, and cauda of epididymis was not different statistically. The TLS of aceh cattle at caput, corpus, and cauda epididymis were 69,70±0,8 µm, 70,90±0.39 µm, and 72,98±0.74 µm respectively and statistically different (p0.05). The positive correlation (r= 0.413, p= 0.416) was found between TLS and testosterone concentration at caput whereas in corpus and cauda those correlation were negative and not different (corpus: r= -0.638, p= 0.172 and cauda: r= -0.719, p= 0,108). In conclusion, the longest-sized spermatozoa found in the cauda epididymis are mature spermatozoa where the maturation process optimally takes place in caput epididymis. Testosterone found in the epididymis of aceh cow can be used as an alternative source of testosterone.

Provides information on a study of three cases of hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), focusing on patients who developed cerebral abscesses secondary to pulmonary arteriovenous malformations. Detailed information on each case study; Discussion on the results of the cases.

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) culminate from the non-enzymatic reaction between a free carbonyl group of a reducing sugar and free amino group of proteins. 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG) is one of the dicarbonyl species that rapidly forms several protein-AGE complexes that are believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases, particularly diabetic complications. In this study, the generation of AGEs (Nε-carboxymethyl lysine and pentosidine) by 3-DG in H1 histone protein was characterized by evaluating extent of side chain modification (lysine and arginine) and formation of Amadori products as well as carbonyl contents using several physicochemical techniques. Results strongly suggested that 3-DG is a potent glycating agent that forms various intermediates and AGEs during glycation reactions and affects the secondary structure of the H1 protein. Structural changes and AGE formation may influence the function of H1 histone and compromise chromatin structures in cases of secondary diabetic complications.