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The objective of this study is to explore the relationship between personality and peer-rated team role behavior on the one hand and team role behavior and verbal behavior on the other hand. To achieve this, different data types were collected in fifteen professional teams of four members (N = 60) from various private and public organizations in Flanders, Belgium. Participants’ personalities were assessed using a workplace-contextualized personality questionnaire based on the Big Five, including domains and facets. Typical team role behavior was assessed by the team members using the Team Role Experience and Orientation peer rating system. Verbal interactions of nine of the teams (n = 36) were recorded in an educational lab setting, where participants performed several collaborative problem-solving tasks as part of a training. To process these audio data, a coding scheme for collaborative problem solving and linguistic inquiry and word count were used. We identified robust links and logical correlation patterns between personality traits and typical team role behaviors, complementing prior research that only focused on self-reported team behavior. For instance, a relatively strong correlation was found between Altruism and the Team builder role. Next, the study reveals that role taking within teams is associated with specific verbal interaction patterns. For example, members identified as Organizers were more engaged in responding to others’ ideas and monitoring execution.

Flow is a gratifying state of deep involvement and absorption that individuals report when facing a challenging activity and they perceive adequate abilities to cope with it (EFRN, 2014). The flow concept was introduced by Csikszentmihalyi in 1975, and interest in flow research is growing. However, to our best knowledge, no scoping review exists that takes a systematic look at studies on flow which were published between the years 2000 and 2016. Overall, 252 studies have been included in this review. Our review (1) provides a framework to cluster flow research, (2) gives a systematic overview about existing studies and their findings, and (3) provides an overview about implications for future research. The provided framework consists of three levels of flow research. In the first “Individual” level are the categories for personality, motivation, physiology, emotion, cognition, and behavior. The second “Contextual” level contains the categories for contextual and interindividual factors and the third “Cultural” level contains cultural factors that relate to flow. Using our framework, we systematically present the findings for each category. While flow research has made progress in understanding flow, in the future, more experimental and longitudinal studies are needed to gain deeper insights into the causal structure of flow and its antecedents and consequences.

While the formulation of Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi's theory of flow, including the experience dimensions, has remained stable since its introduction in 1975, its dedicated measurement tools, research methodologies, and fields of application, have evolved considerably. Among these, education stands out as one of the most active. In recent years, researchers have examined flow in the context of other theoretical constructs such as motivation. The resulting work in the field of education has led to the development of a new model for understanding flow experience in education, specifically dedicated to adult learning. As a result of both a meticulous analysis of existing models and consideration of more recent developments, a new flow scale has thus been developed. The aim of this study is therefore twofold: to validate the new flow measurement scale dedicated to the educational environment, EduFlow-2, and to test a new theoretical model. Students taking a course (N = 6,596), some on-site and others in a MOOC, participated. Several scales were administered online at the end of the participants' course during the 2017 academic year. The factor structure of EduFlow-2 was tested using Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling. Several models were tested. The model with a second-order factor best fit the data. We tested the invariance of the flow scale measure for gender and for the type of training (MOOC/on-site). We were able to show that the flow scale is invariant of the modalities of these two variables. Results revealed good psychometric qualities for the scale, making it suitable for both on-site and distance learning. The analysis also revealed significant relationships with the classic variables of motivation, self-efficacy, learning climate, and life satisfaction. Furthermore, all four dimensions of the model were found to be adequate and consistent with the underlying theoretical arguments. In the end, this new, short flow scale and the theoretical model were demonstrated to be promising for future studies in the field of education.

The objective of this study is to explore new ways of assessing collaborative problem solving (CPS) processes based on different modalities of audio data and their combination. The data collection took place in an educational lab setting during an experiment with adult teams from professional contexts who collaboratively solved multiple problems as part of a CPS training. From audio data, both verbal (i.e., speech) and non-verbal (i.e., pitch) aspects were extracted. Four analysis methods were used, including (a) content analysis; (b) linguistic inquiry and word count; (c) verbal entrainment analysis; and (d) acoustic-prosodic entrainment based on pitch data. Insights are given into the CPS processes of the participating groups using these measures and relevant relationships between some of these measures are further investigated. Based on content analysis, it was found that most of the interactions during the CPS process are task oriented, whereas team-oriented interactions are less present. Second, three measures of proportion of contribution in CPS were investigated and clear differences in participation patterns between and within teams were found. We suggest that a combination of utterance count and words per sentence could provide valuable insights for quantity and equality of participation. Third, the study explored pronoun use and found that the most frequently used personal pronouns were first-person singular. Next, the results indicated a relationship between pronoun use and the relative frequency of interactions. Fourth, a rather weak relationship between lexical entrainment measures and the acoustic-prosodic measures were found, suggesting that these measures are indicative of separate communicative aspects in CPS. This study contributes to a better understanding of which type of audio-based data is most informative to teachers and students as a feedback or assessment tool. This study complements previous research as it focuses on spoken human-to-human communication collected in an authentic context.

The authors describe the theoretical and methodological approaches they use in their research when studying the phenomena of engagement and persistence in distance learning settings. This paper is organized into three sections corresponding to three different perspectives on engagement: a section about student engagement in distance learning and MOOCs; a section about engagement in serious game; and a section about engagement in learning communities and in computer-supported (distance) collaborative learning. Each section provides a definition of engagement, identifies factors of engagement and describes existing measures of engagement. This paper ends with a synthesis of theses perspectives and opens up with new research questions.

Dans les MOOC, le paradoxe entre l’engouement massif et la chute tout aussi massive de la participation renouvelle la problématique de la persistance du fait de l’importance de l’abandon. En vue d’éclairer les déterminants de cette persistance, cette contribution rend compte d’outils mobilisés dans le cadre d’une étude exploratoire réalisée auprès des participants (N = 10 700) inscrits dans un MOOC francophone. Cette étude est l’occasion d’utiliser deux nouveaux outils de mesure : l’échelle de perception instrumentale des communautés (PIC) et l’échelle de motivation en formation d’adultes (EMFA). Conformément aux attentes, les résultats de cette étude mettent en évidence les liens entre les perceptions instrumentales et les différents types de motivations : les liens les plus élevés s’observent au niveau de la régulation intégrée de la motivation extrinsèque. Il ressort aussi de cette étude que les deux nouveaux outils (PIC et EMFA) complètent utilement l’outillage conceptuel et méthodologique du monitorage en temps réel des MOOC.

Inspiré du socioconstructivisme et axé sur l’étayage, le travail de recherche documentaire et de production collective en ligne (Dodge, 1995; March, 1998, 2006) offre une multitude de variantes qui permettent d’accompagner les enseignants dans la conception et la mise en œuvre de situations pédagogiques dans lesquelles: - l’intégration des technologies numériques sera pragmatique, progressive et incrémentale; - les apprenants auront plus à apprendre que les enseignants n’auront à enseigner. In fine, ce type d’activité, adaptable à tous les ordres d’enseignement, semble favorable à l’émergence de dispositifs de formation et d’accompagnement des enseignants en adéquation avec leurs compétences et besoins professionnels.