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A Comparative Study of different models for assessment of soil erosion (Universal Soil Loss Equation and Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) and sediment yield (Modify Universal Soil Loss Equation and Sediment delivery ratio) carried out in Pairi Watershed, Chhattisgarh, India. The main objective is to estimate the spatial pattern of annual soil erosion rate and sediment yield using Remote Sensing and GIS technique which are promising and cost-effective tools for mapping critical areas. To calculate the soil erosion and sediment yield different spatial data sets were utilized such as rainfall, soil texture, topography, land use land cover etc. Obtained result of soil erosion and sediment yield was validated using field check using Baronda CWC Observatory data. It is found that, RUSLE model for soil erosion and MUSLE model for sediment yield has been found to be most reliable for the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study includes the application of analytical hierarchy process (AHP) based multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) for prioritising vulnerable area of watershed for soil and water conservation measures based on impact analysis of different soil and water hazard conservation factors. To prioritise the vulnerable areas, the Bindra watershed which is part of Chhattisgarh State in India has been selected and divided into 16 sub-watersheds. Soil and water hazard rate index (SWHRI) was identified in GIS environment using soil loss (SL), sediment yield (SY), sediment transport index (STI), runoff potential (RP), and land capability class (LCC). Study found that, out of 16 sub-watersheds, 3 sub-watersheds (SW-11, SW-12, and SW-16), and 2 sub-watersheds (SW-1 and SW-4) falling under very high and very low priority zone respectively, therefore soil conservation measures in these areas should be implemented immediately through scientifically developed techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a method to identify potential sites for soil and water conservation techniques for the demarcation of suitable sites for artificial recharge of groundwater aquifers, in the study area. The run-off derived by the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number method is a function of run-off potential which can be expressed in terms of run-off coefficient. The augmentation of water resource is proposed by the construction of rainwater harvesting structures like check dam, percolation pond, farm pond and gully check dam. The site suitability for different water harvesting structures is determined by considering spatially varying parameters like slope, infiltration, run-off potential, landuse/land cover, stream order, soil texture, land capability class, hydrological soil group and micro-watershed area. The determined suitable site has been validated with existing recharge structures of the study area. Accuracy assessment of the suitable sites for recharge structures potential maps of the Bindra watershed is 82.60%. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article discusses the dynamics of fold-switching proteins, which transition between different structural conformations crucial for their biological functions. Researchers have developed a method to study these proteins by focusing on the minimal frustration principle, identifying key residues involved in the fold-switch process. The study aims to provide insights into biological processes and conformational dynamics, potentially leading to new designs or engineering solutions. The findings are available for researchers to explore interventions for climate beliefs across different cultural and political contexts, paving the way for efforts in climate communication. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the research conducted in the Great Himalayan National Park to analyze the attack patterns of leopards on livestock, highlighting the human-wildlife conflict in the region. Researchers found that the number of livestock killed by leopards varied over the years, with seasonal variations and preferences for smaller prey. The study also revealed a decline in livestock attacks in recent years. The research aims to understand and mitigate the conflicts between leopards and humans in the area, providing valuable insights for conservation efforts. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from IIT Bombay and ISM Dhanbad, in collaboration with Monash University, Australia, conducted a study on the Krishna Province in the Eastern Ghats mobile belt to survey subsurface geology. By analyzing gravity and magnetic anomalies, they were able to delineate faults, lineaments, and subsurface boundaries, revealing the tectonic history of the region. The study uncovered distinct patterns in the Dharwar Craton and the Eastern Ghats mobile belt, shedding light on the Earth's deep history and tectonic forces that shaped the area over millions of years. The research suggested that the collision between the Krishna province and Indian cratons occurred during the Nuna amalgamation, uniting ancient land masses that are now part of present-day North America, Australia, and India. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by over 250 researchers worldwide, including India, gathered data from 59,000 participants in 63 countries between July 2022 and July 2023 to understand beliefs about climate change. The researchers tested 11 interventions to potentially shift attitudes towards climate change, including scientific, political, and psychological approaches. The dataset from the study is available online for researchers to explore how interventions may work in different cultural and political contexts, aiding in the design of climate communication efforts. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the potential use of tomato seed fractions in making nutritional muffins as a way to reduce waste generated during tomato processing. Researchers found that muffins enriched with tomato seed oil and defatted tomato seed meal had increased fiber content and nutritional value due to the presence of lycopene and carotenoids. The study suggests that using tomato waste in bakery products could lead to the production of nutritious muffins and benefit the tomato processing industry. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the impact of the jet stream on climate and agriculture, highlighting how its shifting positions can significantly alter weather conditions in Europe. Researchers have used tree rings as climate proxies to understand historical changes in the jet stream's positioning and its effects on crop yields. The study shows that the jet stream's northward shifts lead to cooler and wetter summers in northern Europe, while southern Europe experiences drought and heatwaves, affecting crop production. Understanding these historical jet stream shifts can help predict future climate extremes and their impact on agriculture as climate change continues to alter global weather patterns. [Extracted from the article]

The article offers briefs related to Indian Academy of Sciences. Topics include Hornbill Plateau in the Namdapha Tiger Reserve, Arunachal Pradesh is so named due to the high abundance of hornbills there; and north Indian Ocean basin, especially the Bay of Bengal, is a hot spot for frequent tropical cyclones, and early detection of cyclones in the region can save lives and reduce impact.

The article offers science news briefs. Topics inlcude sun's behaviour has stumped scientists as both sunspot numbers and solar magnetic fields have shown a steady decline since the mid 1990's, Shanmuganadhi river basin, Tamil Nadu, has fluoride-bearing minerals apatite, hornblende, mica and amphiboles, and Bhojtal Lake, to the west of Bhopal, is the primary source of drinking water.

The article reports on the study by researchers at the Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad in India to examine the effectiveness of sugarcane bagasse ash as material in cement production. The ash contains amorphous silica, which has excellent cementitious properties. Based on the study, a 10% bagasse ash and sand content plus 40% stone dust produced maximum compressive and tensile strength and minimum sulphate attack.

The article reports on the research conducted by entomologist Appadurai Daniel Reegan of the National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), Bengaluru branch and colleagues to assess the prevalence of malaria in India's coastal regions and the environmental variables that cause it. In the study, the researchers collected smears from patients to check for malarial parasites. Also cited is the effects of temperature on malaria incidence.

The article discusses 2021 Indian research which shows that conventional soft computing techniques like Artificial Neural Network or Support Vector Machine Algorithm can be adjusted and used to distinguish viral pneumonia from bacterial pneumonia with low computational load.

The article discusses 2021 Indian collaborative research which shows that emotional resilience was most important for controlling negative emotions during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and returning to normalcy.

The article discusses Indian research which showed that chitosan derivative drugs have potential to target the heparan glycoprotein that mediates the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus binding to the angiotensin-converging enzyme 2 (ACE2) of the lung cells.

The article reports that Klebsiella pneumonia normally live in our intestines, and the microbe can be dangerous and cause severe infections, and the development of antimicrobial resistance among this species of bacteria is a major concern, especially in low- and lower-middle income countries.

The article reports that Asansol covers a vast spectrum of coalfield and industrial activities, and understand how industrial activity impacts groundwater quality, Gourisankar Panda and team from the Asansol Engineering College collaborated with researchers from other institutes.