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Abstract Background Schizophrenia is a pervasive and severe mental disorder characterized by significant disability and high rates of recurrence. The persistently high rates of readmission after discharge present a serious challenge and source of stress in treating this population. Early identification of this risk is critical for implementing targeted interventions. The present study aimed to develop an easy-to-use predictive instrument for identifying the risk of readmission within 1-year post-discharge among schizophrenia patients in China. Methods A prediction model, based on static factors, was developed using data from 247 schizophrenia inpatients admitted to the Mental Health Center in Wuxi, China, from July 1 to December 31, 2020. For internal validation, an additional 106 patients were included. Multivariate Cox regression was applied to identify independent predictors and to create a nomogram for predicting the likelihood of readmission within 1-year post-discharge. The model’s performance in terms of discrimination and calibration was evaluated using bootstrapping with 1000 resamples. Results Multivariate cox regression demonstrated that involuntary admission (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 4.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.13–8.86), repeat admissions (aHR 3.49, 95% CI 2.08–5.85), the prescription of antipsychotic polypharmacy (aHR 2.16, 95% CI 1.34–3.48), and a course of disease ≥ 20 years (aHR 1.80, 95% CI 1.04–3.12) were independent predictors for the readmission of schizophrenia patients within 1-year post-discharge. The area under the curve (AUC) and concordance index (C-index) of the nomogram constructed from these four factors were 0.820 and 0.780 in the training set, and 0.846 and 0.796 for the validation set, respectively. Furthermore, the calibration curves of the nomogram for both the training and validation sets closely approximated the ideal diagonal line. Additionally, decision curve analyses (DCAs) demonstrated a significantly better net benefit with this model. Conclusions A nomogram, developed using pre-discharge static factors, was designed to predict the likelihood of readmission within 1-year post-discharge for patients with schizophrenia. This tool may offer clinicians an accurate and effective way for the timely prediction and early management of psychiatric readmissions.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the major reason for the death of young people and is well known for its high mortality and morbidity. This paper aim to predict the 24h survival of patients with TBI. Methods: A total of 1224 samples were involved in this analysis, and the clinical indicators involved included age, gender, blood pressure, MGAP and other fields, among which the target variable was “outcome”, which was a binary variable. The methods mainly involved in this paper include data visualization analysis, single factor analysis, feature engineering analysis, random forest model (RF), K-Nearst Neighbors (KNN) model, and so on. Logistic regression model (LR) and deep neural network model (DNN). We will oversample the training set using the SMOTE method because of the very unbalanced labeling of the sample itself. Results: Although the accuracy of all models is very high, the recall rate is relatively low. The DNN model with the best performance only reaches 0.17, and the corresponding AUC is 0.80. After resampling, we find that the recall rate of positive samples of all models has increased a lot, but the AUC of some models has decreased. Finally, the optimal model is LR, whose positive sample recall rate is 0.67 and AUC is 0.82. Conclusion: Through resampling, we obtained that the best model is the RF model, whose recall rate and AUC are the best, and the AUC level is about 0.87, indicating that the accuracy performance of the model is still good.

Background. The poor prognosis of the highly malignant tumor osteosarcoma stems from its drug resistance and therefore exploring its resistance mechanisms will help us identify more effective treatment options. However, the effects of miR-125b-5p on drug resistance in osteosarcoma cells are still unclear. Methods. To study the effects of miR-125b-5p on drug resistance in osteosarcoma cells. Osteosarcoma-resistant miR-125b-5p was obtained from the databases GeneCards and g:Profiler. CCK8, western blot, and transwell were applied for the detection of the miR-125b-5p effects on proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, and drug resistance in osteosarcoma. Bioinformatics is aimed at demonstrating the targeting factor miR-125b-5p, performing protein interaction enrichment analysis by Metascape, and finally validating by binding sites. Results. Upregulation of miR-125b-5p restrains proliferation, migration, and invasion of osteosarcoma and promotes apoptosis. In addition, miR-125b-5p can restore drug sensitivity in drug-resistant osteosarcoma. miR-125-5p restrains the signal transducer and inhibits the transcription 3 (STAT3) expression activator via targeting its 3′-UTR. STAT3 affects drug-resistant osteosarcoma to regulate the ABC transporter. Conclusion. miR-125b-5p/STAT3 axis mediates the drug resistance of osteosarcoma by acting on ABC transporter.

In order to effectively protect rare and endangered plants, 27 provincial-level administrative regions in North Asia (the Asian part of Russia) have compiled and published local Red Data Books. In this study, the names (with synonyms) of vascular plants in the 27 provincial Red Books were digitalized and merged into a database of rare and endangered vascular plants in North Asia. The purpose is to reflect the species composition, geographic distribution pattern, and protection level of these plants and their inclusion in the national Russian Red Data Book and the IUCN Red List, and provide a reference for formulating conservation strategies. The dataset has a total of 2079 species, 160 subspecies, and 53 varieties belonging to 667 genera and 143 families. It contains data on 2292 taxa, including family name, genus name, species name and synonyms, protection level, and other information. We also analyzed the main influencing factors, existing problems of rare and endangered vascular plant species, and suggestions for addressing them. We conclude that, to date, the IUCN criteria have not been applied consistently in all regions, leading to an excessive number of species being recorded in the Red Data Books of Asian Russia; specifically, one-third of all floral species are in the regional Red Data Books.

The Ciscaucasus and the Russian North Caucasus covers an area of approximately 258.3 sq. km (≈ 1.5% of Russia’s total area) with a length from north-east to south-west of — 350 km, and from north-west to south-east of — 1100 km. Systematic floristic studies of this area began in the 19th century, when Lipsky (1899) for the first time compiled a complete “Flora of the Caucasus…”, which numbered 4430 species. A very important source of the first half of the 20th century is “Flora Caucasica Critica” (Kuznetsov et al., 1901—1916, not finished). The most important modern sources of floristic information in this territory are the “Flora of the Caucasus” (Grossheim, 1936—1967, not finished) and “Synopsis of the Flora of the Caucasus” (Takhtadzhyan, 2003—2012, not finished). The most important macro-regional and regional floristic reviews: “Manual-key to Higher Plants of the Northwestern Caucasus and Ciscaucasia” (Kosenko, 1970), “Flora of the North Caucasus” (Galushko, 1978—1980), 3th edition of “Stavropol Flora Checklist” (Ivanov, 2005), “Flora of the Northwest Caucasus” (Zernov, 2006); ''Dagestan Flora Checklist'' (Murtazaliev, 2009), “Illustrated Flora of the South of the Russian Black Sea Region” (Zernov, 2013), “Vegetation Cover of Kabardino-Balkaria” (Shkhagapsoev, 2015), “Manual-key to Vascular Plants of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic” (Zernov et al., 2015). From 9 regions of the Ciscaucasus and the Russian North Caucasus, 6 have high-quality flora or synopses of flora, 1 region studied at the average level, and 2 — are problematic. In the Kabardino-Balkar Republic, floristic research focuses on invasive plants, and we do not have rich information about the Chechen Republic.

Background: Exosomes are well-known natural nanovesicles, that represent one of the recently discovered modes of intercellular communication due to their ability to transmit cellular components. Exosomes have been reported to have potential as natural vectors for carrying functional small RNAs and delivering chemotherapeutic agents to diseased cells. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of exosomes in carrying miRNA for targeting tumor cells.Methods: We present a novel method for engineering exosomes with functional miR-317b-5b to target tumor cells. MiR-317b-5b exerts its anti-tumor function via its expression in tumors. RT-qPCR was performed to assess the levels of miR-371b-5p, FUT-4. Western blot was performed to measure the levels of CD9, CD81, and FUT-4 proteins. Confocal microscopy was used to observe the internalization of miR-317b-5b in tumor cells. CCK-8, EdU, flow cytometry, wound-healing migration and transwell assays were performed to evaluate cell viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion, respectively.Results: Our findings illustrated that miR-317b-5b-loaded engineered exosomes were internalized by tumor cells. MiR-317b-5b was overexpressed in tumor cells treated with miR-317b-5b-loaded engineered exosomes. The internalization of miR-317b-5b in tumor cells was accompanied by changes of cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, and migratory and invasive capability. We found that miR-317b-5b-loaded engineered exosomes were presence in tumor tissue sections and miR-317b-5b was overexpressed in tumor tissues of osteosarcoma tumor-bearing mice infected with miR-317b-5b-loaded engineered exosomes. MiR-317b-5b-loaded engineered exosomes had the anti-tumor efficiency in vivo.Conclusion: Our findings show that miR-317b-5b-loaded engineered exosomes can be used as nanocarriers to deliver drug molecules such as miR-317b-5b both in vitro and in vivo to exert its anti-tumor functions.

European part of Russia covers ~1/3 of Europe, an area of approximately 3742,000 sq km. Systematic floristic research of this area began in the 19th century, with the first complete flora of European Russia by Fedchenko and Flerov (1908–1910), which contained 3542 species and many varieties. The most important modern source of floristic information on this territory are Flora partis Europaeae URSS (Tsvelev et al., 1974–1989) with Flora of Eastern Europe (Tsvelev, 1996–2004), which contain about 7300 species. The most important macroregional floristic reviews are “Flora Regionis Boreali-Orientalis Territoriae Europaeae URSS” (Tolmachev, 1974–1977), 11th edition “Flora…” of P. F. Mayevsky (2014) and “Flora of the Lower Volga region” (Skvortsov and Reshetnikova, 2006–2018, not finished). Among 46 regions (cities of Moscow, Sevastopol, and St.-Petersburg are excluded), 22 have high quality modern floristic reviews, 11 regions have average reviews, and 13 regions have low quality reviews; 13 regions have modern floristic reviews in preparation.

Background. At present, the study has confirmed that the mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MCSs-Exo) possess cardio-protection in sepsis. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism of the protection of MSCs-Exo in sepsis remains unknown. Therefore, this research is aimed at studying the molecular mechanism. Methods. The effects of MSCs-Exo and miR-146a-5p in LPS-induced cardiomyocytes (H9C2 cells) in vitro were verified by CCK-8, EdU assay, flow cytometry, Western blot assay, and RT-qPCR. The effect of MSCs-Exo in vivo was evaluated by CLP-induced sepsis model. The potential gene in MSCs-Exo was verified by bioinformatics analysis, and the potential target of miR-146a-5p was identified by bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay. At last, the function of miR-146a-5p and its target genes on LPS-induced cardiomyocytes (H9C2 cells) in vitro was validated by recuse experiment. Results. Our findings revealed that MSCs-Exo could effectively protect cardiomyocytes of inflammation model in vitro and myocardial tissues of sepsis model in vivo. Meanwhile, we found that miR-146a-5p was a potential gene in MSCs-Exo, and MYBL1 was the target gene of miR-146a-5p and negatively regulated by miR-146a-5p. In addition, miR-146a-5p overexpression promoted proliferation and inhibited apoptosis of LPS-induced cardiomyocytes. The rescue experiment demonstrated that miR-146a-5p could effectively repress the inflammatory response of cardiomyocytes via decreasing MYBL1 expression. Conclusion. This study suggests that miR-146a-5p-bearing MSC-derived exosomes may become an effective treatment for sepsis.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), interacts with the host cell receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) via its spike 1 protein during infection. After the virus sequence was published, we identified two potent antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) from antibody libraries using a phage-to-yeast (PtY) display platform in only 10 days. Our lead antibody JMB2002, now in a Phase 1 clinical trial (ChiCTR2100042150), showed broad-spectrum in vitro blocking activity against hACE2 binding to the RBD of multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants, including B.1.351 that was reportedly much more resistant to neutralization by convalescent plasma, vaccine sera and some clinical-stage neutralizing antibodies. Furthermore, JMB2002 has demonstrated complete prophylactic and potent therapeutic efficacy in a rhesus macaque disease model. Prophylactic and therapeutic countermeasure intervention of SARS-CoV-2 using JMB2002 would likely slow down the transmission of currently emerged SARS-CoV-2 variants and result in more efficient control of the COVID-19 pandemic.

North Asia – the Asian part of Russia – is a vast territory that occupies 1/3 of Asia, or about 13 100 000 sq. km. Floristic exploration of North Asia was bolstered in the first half of the 18th century when the emperor Peter I the Great founded the Academy of Sciences (currently, the Russian Academy of Sciences). The first complete flora of the Russian Empire was published in the middle of the 19th century by C.F. von Ledebour, and a wealth of North Asian floristic data had accumulated by the beginning of the 20th century. Under the guidance of the Botanical Institute in Leningrad (St. Petersburg), the “Flora of the USSR” (1944–1964) was initiated to consolidate this vast body of floristic knowledge. Following this Flora, two modern interregional compendia (“Vascular Plants of the Soviet Far East” and “Flora of Siberia”) were published in the 1980s and 1990s, which serve as the taxonomic foundation for the newest regional floras and checklists of the last twenty years. According to our statistics, which are expansive but not comprehensive, there are at least 300 books devoted to the flora of different regions of North Asia. The newest “Checklist of the Flora of Asian Russia” published in 2012 listed 6961 species and subspecies of vascular plants. Here, we provide a short review of the main references on vascular flora within all 27 administrative regions of North Asia.

The complete chloroplast genomes of Trapa quadrispinosa and T. bicornis var. taiwanensis were reported in this study. The chloroplast genome of T. quadrispinosa was 155,554 bp in length, containing an LSC of 88,506 bp, an SSC of 18,274 bp, and a pair of IR regions of 24,387 bp each. The chloroplast genome of T. bicornis var. taiwanensis was 155,543 bp in length, including an LSC of 88,497 bp, an SSC of 18,274 bp, and a pair of IR regions of 24,386 bp each. Both genomes had 112 genes, consisting of 78 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, and four rRNA genes. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the family Trapaceae was closely related to the family Sonneratiaceae.

The characteristics of perpendicular recording media with a soft underlayer are examined with the help of a readback model. The media signal to noise ratio (SNR) declines by about 4.7 dB due to cluster formation with areas equal to about three times the grain size.

The physics of the write and erase processes in perpendicular recording are examined by using the MAGPAR (micromagnetic/FEM) model. The model results have shown that a partial domain is formed with the first current pulse and the following odd pulses has caused the domain to grow while the even pulses have made it shrink.

The incomplete magnetization switching that takes place between two recorded transitions in perpendicular magnetic recording is studied with the help of a micromagnetic model. The impact of the incomplete switching in the media signal-to-noise ratio is studied and the transition parameter calculated to evaluate the transition noise and dc noise under complete and incomplete switching conditions.

The study consists of the preparation of the activated carbon (AC) from shaddock peel by ZnCl2 and H3PO4 and the effect of adsorption conditions such as contact time, adsorbent dosage, phenol initial concentration, pH and temperature on the removal behaviors of phenol from aqueous solutions onto the AC. The prepared ACs were characterized by N2 adsorption, elemental analysis, scanning electron micrograph and Boehm titration. To understand the equilibrium isotherms, the adsorption data were analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich and Temkin model. The pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and intraparticle diffusion kinetic models were used to investigate the kinetic parameters and the mechanism of adsorption. To predict the nature of adsorption, the thermodynamic parameters (ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS°) were calculated. The results showed that the micropore structures of two ACs prepared by ZnCl2 and H3PO4 activation are similar, but surface chemical properties of different ACs are significantly different. Adsorp - tion removal percentages of ACs for phenol from water increase with increasing the contact time and AC dosage, respectively, whereas phenol removal decreases with an increase in temperature. The changes in the removal of phenol by AC-Z and AC-H with the initial pH were different. The Langmuir and Temkin model can better describe phenol adsorption process for AC-Z; whereas, the Langmuir model can well describe the phenol adsorption process of AC-H. The pseudo-second order and Elovich model better described the adsorption behaviors on AC-H and AC-Z, respectively. The thermodynamic studies indicate phenol adsorption on ACs is spontaneous and exothermic. The experimental results indicate that ACs from shaddock peel by chemical activa - tion methods are technologically feasible. The ACs can be used to effectively remove phenol from wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

* Premise of the study: To study population genetics, phylogeography, and hybridization of Nelumbo (Nelumbonaceae), chloroplast microsatellite markers were developed. * Methods and Results: Seventeen microsatellite loci were identifi ed from the chloroplast genomes of N. nucifera and N. lutea. Polymorphisms were assessed in three populations of N. nucifera and one population of N. lutea. Nine loci were found to be polymorphic in N. nucifera, and all 17 loci were found to be polymorphic in N. lutea. In N. nucifera , the number of alleles per locus ranged from two to six, and the unbiased haploid diversity per locus ranged from 0.198 to 0.790. In N. lutea, the number of alleles ranged from two to four, and the unbiased haploid diversity per locus ranged from 0.245 to 0.694. * Conclusions: The identified chloroplast simple sequence repeat markers will be useful for the study of genetic diversity, phylogeography, and identification of Nelumbo cultivars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Al2O3 films made with atomic layer deposition (ALD) have been developed for use as isolation layers in CPP tunneling magnetoresistive readers. A low-temperature deposition process was developed to permit integration with a self-aligned patterning scheme. The resulting films show excellent thickness uniformity (<2% within-wafer), leakage current density (Jleak < 1 x 10-8 A/cm²) and breakdown properties (Fbd > 9 MV/cm). TEMs of sub-100 nm TMR readers fabricated using these processes show > 95% conformality on junction sidewalls, indicating nonselective growth of ALD Al2O3 on the various stack and bottom shield surfaces. Permanent magnets with well-controlled junction grain structure and coercivities in excess of 2500 Oe have been deposited with existing processes. FEM modeling shows the effective stabilizing field from the magnets at the junction edge scales inversely with ALD layer thickness, in agreement with device-level free layer stability metrics showing improvements at lower ALD thicknesses. As the conformal ALD layer thickness is easily tuned, this technology provides flexibility in trading off reader amplitude and stability that should support scaling of the abutted TMR design out to 1 Tb/in² and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deals with a strategy for high density perpendicular magnetic recording with a soft underlayer. Permeability of the recording layer; Discussion of exchange interaction between media; Description of the novel head architecture for high density perpendicular magnetic recording.

Perpendicular recording applications use a soft magnetic underlayer (SUL) in the media to enhance the writer field and control its angle. In this paper, a micromagnetic/FEM model (MagPar) was used to investigate the physics of the write process while a nonlinear magnetoelectrical model (Klaassen) helped identify the value of the damping constant under a particular MagPar mesh. The field strength and direction produces a domain under the writer pole in areas where the field opposes the SUL magnetization direction. These areas are located over the next tracks (right or left). This temporary domain changes the response of the SUL by affecting the flux path and increasing the return pole field near the domain. Since the return poles are very large and behave quite linearly, fields in some areas near the return pole edge are bigger due to large writer currents with overshoot and little or no damping from saturated regions. The return pole fields could be large enough to degrade transitions in adjacent tracks particularly when they are applied multiple times to those tracks. The erasure location changes with current polarity and SUL magnetization direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adjacent track erasure in longitudinal recording was studied using a micromagnetic model. The gap and fringe fields of two heads designed to work for 100 kTPI were used to write and erase a 31-bit pseudorandom sequence (PRS) in the main track. Comparisons on recording performance were made based on the calculated magnetization profile and the equalized PRS read back signal. It was shown that, for the case of a 3800-Oe fringe field, the quality of the transitions degraded drastically when the transitions were exposed to the fringe field more than 1000 times. On the other hand, a 2000-Oe fringe field left unaffected transitions even when the transitions were exposed to the field more than 100 000 times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The life time of stored data depends on the storage density as well as the physical properties and microstructure of the media. Perpendicular media for ultra-high density recording needs to have high anisotropy to withstand thermal instabilities over long time. In this study, we used a micromagnetic model based on a scaling method to numerically calculate the percentage of magnetic decay caused by thermal fluctuations after ten years. Realistic grain configurations for 1 Tbit/in² and 125 Gbit/in² recording were used to seek the critical grain magnetization and anisotropy field of magnetic media that are thermally stable for ten years. For less than 10% decay, an H[subK] of 20 kOe and M[supgrain][subS] of 600 emu/cm³ is required. Alternatively, H[subK] can be reduced to 16 kOe if M[supgrain][subS] is 800 emu/cm³. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep reinforcement learning(DRL) has attracted much attention in multi-user intelligent dynamic spectrum access due to its advantages in sensing and decision making.However,the weak interpretability of deep neural networks(DNNs) makes DRL models vulnerable to backdoor attacks.In this paper,a non-invasive backdoor attack method with low-cost is proposed against DSA-oriented DRL models in cognitive wireless networks.The attacker monitors the wireless channels to select backdoor triggers,and generates backdoor samples into the experience pool of a secondary user's DRL model.Then,the trigger can be implanted into the DRL model during the training phase.The attacker actively sends signals to activate the triggers in the DRL model during the inference phase,inducing secondary users to take the actions set by the attacker,thereby reducing their success rate of channel access.A series of simulation show that the proposed backdoor attack method can reduce the attack cost by 20%~30% while achieving an attack success rate over 90%,and is suitable for three different DRL models.

A scaling technique is developed to predict micromagnetic properties of magnetic materials subject to thermal fluctuations over long time scales. This theory, based on the equivalence of time and temperature for thermally activated processes, is tested by predicting hysteresis loops for two different thin film magnetic recording media. A comparison to directly calculated values and to experimental hysteresis loop results shows that important features such as the coercivity are predicted with less than 1% error. © 2000 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]