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Foreign Direct Investment in Indonesia has a very significant role in realizing the economic growth as a developed country. It is important to provide a good quality investment climate for a developing country. However, there are existing challenges to attracting foreign investors. Several challenges include hyperregulations and overlapping authority. Referring to the Easy of Doing Business Indicator by the World Bank, Indonesia reformed its investment regulations together with other related regulations through Law No. 11 of 2020 on Job Creation. One of the main issues that is newly regulated is the simplification of the licensing process with an online risk-based approach. Even though it does not directly regulate corruption as the main obstacle for investment regarding the World Economic Executive Opinion Survey, the integrated online system for the entire licensing procedure could reduce corrupt practices within the process. This article describes the investment law reform and analyzes its effectiveness. The findings of this study have the potential to inform changes that must be made in the field of domestic investment law. The result shows that the legal framework reformation of the simplification of licensing through Job Creation Law theoretically reduces barriers and increases the interest of foreign investors to invest in Indonesia. Foreign investment is instrumental for Indonesia as a host state to increase its economy. to attract foreign investors, Indonesia has reformed the domestic investment law through the Job Creation Law. The stipulations that were revoked and revised were areas that can ease foreign investment in Indonesia based on the EoDB Indicators from the World Bank and the World Economic Forum’s Executive Opinion Survey. These reforms are simplification of licensing, licensing processes into one electronic licensing system, and harmonization of provisions through a risk-based approach. However, corruption as one of the main challenges to attracting foreign investors is not directly regulated in the Job Creation Law. It is hoped that the reform of the OSS and NSPK regulations mentioned above can prevent corrupt practices.

Takeshi Joko,1 Yoshimi Nagai,2 Ryusaburo Mori,3 Koji Tanaka,3 Yuji Oshima,4 Yusuke Hikichi,5 Tetsushi Komori,6 Joao Carrasco,7 Martine C Maculaitis,8 Oliver Will,8 Kathleen Beusterien,8 Kanji Takahashi2 1Department of Ophthalmology, Matsuyama Red Cross Hospital, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan; 2Department of Ophthalmology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan; 3Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Visual Sciences, Nihon University of School of Medicine, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan; 4Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; 5Department of Market Access, Bayer Yakuhin, Ltd., Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan; 6Department of Research & Product Development, Bayer Yakuhin, Ltd., Kita-Ku, Osaka, Japan; 7Department of Market Access, Bayer Consumer Care AG, Basel, Canton of Basel-Stadt, Switzerland; 8Health Division, Kantar, New York, NY, USACorrespondence: Takeshi JokoDepartment of Ophthalmology, Matsuyama Red Cross Hospital, 1 Bunkyocho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8524, JapanTel +81 89 924 1111Email takeshijoko@matsuyama.jrc.or.jpBackground: In Japan, intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) dosing regimens for wet age-related macular degeneration (wAMD) include pro re nata, every 2 months, and treat-and-extend, resulting in different outcomes and patient burden. Although reflecting patient preferences in treatment decision-making is desirable, few studies have examined this in Japan. This study assessed the patients willingness to trade-off between different dosing regimens.Patients and Methods: Patients with wAMD were recruited from four Japanese university hospitals to complete a face-to-face cross-sectional survey. In a discrete choice experiment, patients were asked to choose their preferred option from two anti-VEGF treatment profiles shown side-by-side across a series of choice tasks. The profiles varied on four attributes: number of injections in 12 months, number of physician consultations in 12 months, chance of 1-year visual acuity (VA) improvement, and chance of 2-year VA maintenance. Preference weights were estimated using hierarchical Bayes’ models.Results: Overall, 120 patients (30 treatment naïve and 90 anti-VEGF experienced) completed the survey. Patients were willing to accept an increase from three to approximately eight injections in 12 months to increase the chance of 1-year VA improvement from 25% to 40%. They would be willing to accept 11 injections in 12 months if the chance of 2-year VA maintenance increased from 80% to 96%. The most valued attributes were increasing the chance of 2-year VA maintenance and reducing the number of injections in 12 months, which were each about twice as important as decreasing physician consultations in 12 months and increasing the chance of 1-year VA improvement (p< 0.001). Among the dosing regimens, patients most preferred treat-and-extend because of its higher chance of 2-year VA maintenance.Conclusion: Informing patients with wAMD about the likelihood of long-term VA maintenance when selecting treatment may increase the acceptance of an optimal treatment regimen and number of injections.Keywords: wet age-related macular degeneration, patient preference, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment, dosing regimen, treat-and-extend

The manuscript investigated the isolation, characterization and anti-infective potential of valinomycin (3), streptodepsipeptide P11A (2), streptodepsipeptide P11B (1), and one novel valinomycin analogue, streptodepsipeptide SV21 (4), which were all produced by the Gram-positive strain Streptomycescavourensis SV 21. Although the exact molecular weight and major molecular fragments were recently reported for compound 4, its structure elucidation was not based on compound isolation and spectroscopic techniques. We successfully isolated and elucidated the structure based on the MS2 fragmentation pathways as well as 1H and 13C NMR spectra and found that the previously reported structure of compound 4 differs from our analysis. Our findings showed the importance of isolation and structure elucidation of bacterial compounds in the era of fast omics technologies. The here performed anti-infective assays showed moderate to potent activity against fungi, multi drug resistant (MDR) bacteria and infectivity of the Hepatitis C Virus (HCV). While compounds 2, 3 and 4 revealed potent antiviral activity, the observed minor cytotoxicity needs further investigation. Furthermore, the here performed anti-infective assays disclosed that the symmetry of the valinomycin molecule is most important for its bioactivity, a fact that has not been reported so far.

In order to minimize re-discovery of already known anti-infective compounds, we focused our screening approach on understudied, almost untapped marine environments including marine invertebrates and their associated bacteria. Therefore, two sea cucumber species, Holothuria leucospilota and Stichopus vastus, were collected from Lampung (Indonesia), and 127 bacterial strains were identified by partial 16S rRNA-gene sequencing analysis and compared with the NCBI database. In addition, the overall bacterial diversity from tissue samples of the sea cucumbers H. leucospilota and S. vastus was analyzed using the cultivation-independent Illumina MiSEQ analysis. Selected bacterial isolates were grown to high densities and the extracted biomass was tested against a selection of bacteria and fungi as well as the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Identification of putative bioactive bacterial-derived compounds were performed by analyzing the accurate mass of the precursor/parent ions (MS1) as well as product/daughter ions (MS2) using high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) analysis of all active fractions. With this attempt we were able to identify 23 putatively known and two previously unidentified precursor ions. Moreover, through 16S rRNA-gene sequencing we were able to identify putatively novel bacterial species from the phyla Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and also Firmicutes. Our findings suggest that sea cucumbers like H. leucospilota and S. vastus are promising sources for the isolation of novel bacterial species that produce compounds with potentially high biotechnological potential.

Introduction: Young adulthood is a critical developmental period, during which there are key developmental tasks that allow the young adult to participate related to lifestyle behaviors. This research examines the interplay among physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), and body mass index (BMI) among college students in Surakarta, Indonesia. Methods: From January to February 2023, a cross-sectional, online self-administered survey was distributed through WhatsApp and Telegram to prospective respondents aged 17–25 year old. The questionnaire was divided into three sections. The first section of the questionnaire consisted of seven sociodemographic questions about the participants’ age, sex, siblings, parents’ education levels, weight, and height. Eleven questions about respondents’ PA were included in the second section. There were eight questions about participants’ inactive lifestyles in the third section. Results: The respondents had an average age of 20.24 ± 0.21 years. Age (β = 0.041; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.00–0.08; P = 0.03), PA (β = 0.02; 95% CI = 2.03–2.08; P = 0.02), and SBs on weekdays (β = −1.39; 95% CI = −4.77–1.98; P = 0.01) and weekends (β = −2.23; 95% CI = −9.19 [−1.27]; P = 0.01) were identified as the most significant variables influencing the respondents’ BMI. Conclusion: Most college students in Surakarta had a normal weight. Nevertheless, it is noteworthy that nearly all female adolescents fell short of complying with the prescribed physical exercise guidelines, which advocate for a minimum of 420 min of moderate-to-vigorous PA weekly.

The Green Revolution, driven by advanced technology, substantially increased food production in Asian developing countries, including Indonesia. Nevertheless, it also resulted in environmental consequences, notably soil fertility degradation, threatening future agricultural productivity. As an alternative approach, the Integrated Crops-Livestock System (ICLS) holds promise for simultaneously enhancing crop and livestock yields while upholding environmental sustainability. This article investigates the significance of ICLS as a sustainable agricultural solution in the context of circular economics post Green Revolution era in Indonesia. This study employs an integrative literature review, encompassing secondary data analysis, research findings, and publications, to underscore the potential of ICLS in Indonesia and beyond. Despite its potential, the limited adoption of ICLS among Indonesian farmers is attributed to factors such as inadequate knowledge and skills, insufficient policy support, and inadequate dissemination and promotion efforts. To promote widespread ICLS implementation, robust dissemination strategies are imperative, encompassing technical guidance, counseling, training, and on-farm demonstrations. In addition, policy support, including accessible credit and price incentives, is essential to incentivize farmers to embrace ICLS practices. This article underscores the relevance of circular economics within the context of integrated farming and provides insights for policymakers and stakeholders aiming to promote sustainable agriculture in Indonesia's post Green Revolution era.

Hemicellulose hydrogels have garnered significant attention owing to their abundance and exceptional properties, such as renewability and biodegradability. However, their weak mechanical strength and poor stability limit their application across various fields. The addition of other materials (composites) and modification with different synthetic monomers can improve the mechanical properties and stability of these hydrogels. Therefore, research efforts are increasingly focused on exploring composite preparation and synthesis methods. This review discusses the isolation and synthesis of hemicellulose-based hydrogel composites, along with their development and applications across various sectors. In addition, it presents the current state of research and emerging trends, offering a prospective study on the potential expansion of hemicellulose-based hydrogel composites in fields such as biomedicine, sensors, and waste treatment. The findings suggest that hemicellulose-based hydrogel composites are becoming increasingly popular as advanced materials. By utilizing innovative composite preparation techniques and synthesis methods, these hydrogels are poised to revolutionize various sectors such as biomedical, sensors, and agricultural, offering solutions with improved mechanical properties and stability.

This study aims to explain the theological factor as the root of religious conflict in the construction of houses of worship. Many religious conflicts are studied from political, legal, or social factors but less elaborated theological dimension as a fundamental factor. The rejection of houses of worship is not only done by people of different religions but also by the internal religious community itself. One of the reasons for rejection is the theological dimension, namely religious views. This research uses a qualitative approach and data collection through interviews and literature studies. Important findings show there is no single factor in the conflict of building houses of worship. The rejection of houses of worship is usually motivated by complex issues, and one of them is a theological factor. Islamic jurists have different theological views; some are accommodative and moderate, and some are intolerant of the construction of houses of worship of other religions. This difference is due to the perspective of religious text and social context in determining Islamic law. The view of textualist theology encourages a less accommodating and even intolerant attitude toward the construction of other religions, even though administratively and state law is legal. On the other hand, the theological view of Islam also encourages the spirit of inclusivism, and even normatively, Muslims are commanded to respect places of worship of other religious groups.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine and metabolic disease that involves failure to use or produce insulin. Disease in DM occurs due to high levels of glucose in the blood that exceed normal limits. In type II DM sufferers, it is necessary to monitor and understand lifestyle behavior in self-care management, which consists of adjusting diet, physical exercise, foot care, medication, and glucose control. Self-care management (Self Care) is an individual's ability to manage self-care. The goal of self-care management is to prevent the complications of Diabetes Mellitus. Research Objectives: To find out how self-care management is in type II DM patients. Methods: This research method uses a descriptive analytic method with a total of 88 respondents. Results: The average age of the respondents was 49 years old, female (60.2%), and last education was SMA/SMK (47.7%). Occupation of housewives (46.6%), dietary compliance of DM patients is low (56.8%), moderate physical activity (44.3%), foot care compliance (55.7%), glucose control (50%), taking moderate medication (55.7%). Conclusion: The level of adherence to the diet of patients with low diabetes was 50 patients (56.8%) and high was 38 patients (43.2%), Physical activity patients with moderate diabeere 39 patients (44.3%), severe were 29 patients (33, 0%), and mild in 20 patients (22.7%), adherence to foot care in patients with adherence to 49 patients (55.7%), and non-adherence of 39 patients (44.3%), glucose control in patients with regular diabetes ( 50.0%) and irregular 44 patients (50.0%), adherence to taking medication and moderate DM as many as 49 patients (55.7%), low as many as 20 patients (22.7%) and high as many as 19 patients (21, 6%). DM patients are expected to improve self-care management behavior to improve health status and prevent further complications.

Indonesia became the second-largest global marine plastics contributor, with annual plastic marine debris estimated at 0.48–1.29 million metric tons per year. In Jakarta's coastal area, 59% of the marine litter is plastics. The circular economy is a new paradigm adopted in plastic waste management in Indonesia, and research in this area continues to grow. This circular economy paradigm requires sufficient collaboration among stakeholders in plastic waste management. However, the data on Indonesia's best partnership scheme for plastic waste management is still lacking. This study aims to fill the gap by examining the most feasible partnership scheme that brings the most effective plastics waste handling and economic benefit. This study used a quantitative questionnaire followed by an interview to provide information about stakeholders' participation in plastic waste management in Central Jakarta. A stakeholder analysis was employed to assess the best partnership scheme. The result finds that the public-government partnership is the most feasible and sustainable partnership to be implemented in Central Jakarta, Indonesia. Collaboration between the public and government could enlarge service coverage in managing plastic waste based on the circular economy paradigm. Strengthening the public-government scheme contributes positively to the plastics collection rate, recycling rate, benefit-sharing, and positive perspective among stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Almost all farmers are unaware that rice straw and paunch manure are potential feedstocks for bioethanol besides organic fertilizer, biochar, and biogas. Farmers' perceptions regarding the multiattributes of bioethanol development are still underestimated, indicating that farmers are still indecisive about the potential use of rice straw and paunch manure as feedstock for bioethanol. They still need extension and training to improve their knowledge. The Location Quotient (LQ) value of rice straw and cattle paunch manure is > 1, indicating that Karanganyar Regency could become a base for bioethanol development from rice straw and cattle paunch manure.

Latar Belakang: Early Warning Score (EWS) merupakan sistem peringatan dini yang menggunakan skoring dalam menilai perburukan kondisi pasien dan serta meningkatkan manajemen kegawatdaruratan secara keseluruhan. EWS juga dikembangkan sebagai panduan untuk penilaian cepat dan diagnosis dini untuk penyakit akut pada pasien yang dirawat di rumah sakit. Itu dimaksudkan untuk menjadi alat pelacak dan pemicu untuk penilaian yang konsisten terhadap keparahan penyakit dan untuk menyediakan data dasar yang berguna untuk mengevaluasi kemajuan klinis pasien. Di era digital ini, kehadiran salah satu bentuk lain dari EWS yaitu, National Early Warning Score 2 yang telah dikeluarkan oleh The Royal College of Physicians of London dan telah menjadi standarisasi penilaian keparahan penyakit akut di Nation Health Service (NHS) England, Britania Raya. Penggunaan aplikasi berbasis web pada penerapan NEWS2 diharapkan dapat meningkatkan efektifitas penilaian pemburukan awal pasien di IGD. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan aplikasi NEWS2 berbasis web dalam penilaian awal pada pasien dengan penyakit akut. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Research and Development (R&D) dalam upaya mengembangkan aplikasi NEWS 2 berbasis web dan diujikan pada 4 pasien di RS Muhamamdiyah Palembang. Hasil: Aplikasi NEWS2 berbasis web telah berhasil dikembangkan dengan alamat aplikasi di https://appnews2.com dan telah diujikan pada 4 responden di RS Muhammadiyah Palembang dengan status uji berhasil. Simpulan: Aplikasi NEWS2 telah berhasil dikembangkan dan diharapkan selanjutnya dapat diteliti efektifitas penggunaannya dibandingkan dengan metode konvensional.

The aim of the service activities carried out is to utilize waste as an economic resource through the establishment of a Waste Bank. The method used in this community service activity uses a participatory approach with participatory rural assessment techniques. Implementation of activities is based on stages that are adapted to POAC management principles. The results of the implementation of the activities were considered achieved, this can be seen in the results of the pretest and posttest assessments. The results of the pretest and posttest of the first session regarding the Introduction to the Concept of Waste Banks and the Formation of a Waste Bank Organizational Structure showed an increase in scores with an average pretest score of 40 to 85. Improvement was also visible. from the results of the training in the second session regarding training on the Waste Bank financial management system with an average pretest score of 35 to 75. The service activities produced three outcomes, namely 1) Establishment of a waste bank with the name "Dewi Pelita Waste Bank, Batu Menyan Village; 2) Establishment of the management structure of the Dewi Pelita waste bank in Batu Menyan Village based on the Decree of the Head of Batu Menyan Village. 3) Understanding in managing the financial management system of the Dewi Pelita Waste Bank.

Latar Belakang: Penyakit jantung atau yang dikenal juga dengan penyakit kardiovaskuler merupakan sekelompok kelainan yang terjadi pada organ jantung dan pembuluh darah yang disebabkan gangguan fungsi jantung dan pembuluh darah. Penelitian ini menitikberatkan pada penyakit kardiovaskuler secara fungsional, yaitu antara lain penyakit jantung koroner, angina pektoris, serangan jantung akut, gagal jantung kongestif, dan disritmia. Salah satu gejala yang seirng muncul pada pasien jantung adalah kelelahan. Terapi SEFT merupakan terapi yang dapat diberikan kepada pasien jantung untuk menurunkan tingkat kelelahan pasien jantung. Terapi SEFT merupakan terapi yang dapat diintegrasikan dengan tori kenyaman menurut Kolcaba yang menjelaskan bahwa terdapat 4 dimensi pada kenyamanan, yaitu kenyamanan fisik, kenyamanan psikospiritual, kenyamanan lingkungan, dan kenyamanan sosiokultural. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh terapi SEFT dengan pendekatan Kolcaba Comfort Theory terhadap skor kelelahan pada pasien jantung. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian Pre Eksperimental. Metode sampling yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel 22 sampel. Hasil: Berdasarkan hasil uji analisis dependent t test didapatkan nilai p sebesar 0,000 (p value < 0.05), dengan demikian dapat diartikan terdapat perbedaan skor kelelahan pasien dengan penyakit kardiovaskuler antara sebelum dan setelah intervensi terapi SEFT. Kesimpulan: Terapi SEFT dapat memberikan pengaruh untuk mengurangi kelelahan pasien dengan penyakit kardiovaskuler.

Prolactin (PRL) Gene in chicken was closely related to broodiness and brooding behavior that located at chromosome 2. This research was conducted to detect insertion/deletion (in/del) 24-bp polymorphism in the prolactin promoter gene and its association with the BC1 hybrid chicken egg productivity. Procedures of this research conducted are chicken maintenance, egg collection for 23 weeks of production, eggs proximate quality (water, ash, protein, carbohydrate, fat, and fiber percentage), DNA isolation, PRL gene amplification, and visualizing DNA bands on PRL promoters. The results showed the average number of cumulative eggs of BC1 chicken for 23 weeks was 42.9 eggs, lower than layer (104.34 eggs), and higher than pelung (30.17 eggs). Analysis using the pearson correlation test shows the frequency of insertion-deletion polymorphism alleles on the PRL promoter has a signification value of 0.521 and correlation value 0,684, so it is concluded that there is no correlation (P>0.05). Proximate test results of BC1 whole raw egg chicken has characteristics of low fat (3.2%) and high carbohydrate (9.1%) compared to commercial egg and has a calorie content of 98.37/100 g of the sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The health of the teak tree can be affected by damage caused by pests and environmental factors. This study aims to determine the health of the teak tree in teak production forest areas at RPH Sukorame KPH Mojokerto, East Java, Indonesia. The method used was the forest health monitoring (FHM) method. The sample was chosen by using a cluster plot system with a total sample of 216 teak trees. Parameters observed were symptoms of damage and its causes, type of damage and damaged parts of the teak tree, height and diameter, tread quality, and tree health analysis. The results showed that the health level of the teak tree in the teak production forest area of RPH Sukorame, KPH Mojokerto, East Java, was included in the health category with a Cluster plot level index (CLI) value of 4.36 - 4.51. The damage to the stand was caused by the attack of armyworm (Hyblaea puera), termites (Schedorhinotermes sp), and other factors. The productivity level of the area could have been more optimal, with a branch-free stand height of 0-5 m and a diameter of 16-20 cm: grumusol and grumusol sandy soil with a pH ranging from 5.8 to 7.0. Forest management is needed so that the teak tree can achieve optimum productivity.

Latar Belakang : Hemodialisis merupakan manajemen terapi yang dapat fiberikan kepada pasien Penyakit Ginjal Kronik (PGK) yang berfungsi sebagai pengganti ginjal, dan dapat berlangsung seumur hidup. Data Indonesian Renal Registry (IRR) tahun 2018 mencatat 66.433 pasien baru dan aktif menjalani hemodialisis. Umumnya terapi hemodialisis berdampak pada berbagai komplikasi fisik, seperti kelelahan. Pasien penyakit ginjal kronis dengan kelelahan, kelemahan, dan kehilangan energi dapat mempengaruhi perawatan diri. Metode : Desain dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif, dengan pendekatan cross sectional menggunakan analisis chi square. Total sampling digunakan untuk mengukur kelelahan, juga indeks CKD perawatan diri. Penelitian ini ditindaklanjuti dengan izin etik No: 0159/KEPK/Adm2/II/2022. Hasil : Nilai P sebesar 0,001 (P Value 0,05) terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat kelelahan dengan perawatan diri pada pasien penyakit ginjal kronik selama hemodialisa. Pembahasan : Meningkatnya tingkat urutan kelelahan ke tingkat ketergantungan. Kami menyarankan perlunya lebih mengeksplorasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat kelelahan dan tingkat ketergantungan.

Dentures are prosthetic devices built to imitate the function of natural teeth and are commonly produced from materials, such as metal, porcelain, and acrylic resin. Although those made from porcelain have good strength, their manufacture requires high skill and accuracy, which results in high selling price. This has led to the development of inexpensive natural biomaterials, as a suitable replacement in the dentistry field. Therefore, this study aims to explore the use of biocomposite (Bovine Hydroxyapatite (BHA)/Agave Cantula fiber/shellac) as a dental material. The mixture of BHA/Agave Cantula fiber was in various ratios, namely, 100/0, 90/10, 80/20, and 70/30 (%wt), where shellac was used as a binder at a proportion of 10% wt. The specimens were compacted at 20 bar for 10 min, and then sintered at 200°C for 2 h. The results of the FTIR test showed that the functional groups were hydroxyl, carbonate, phosphate, and methylene. Moreover, the results of the Vickers hardness test and density rate were recorded as the highest at the 30:70% variation, at (124.03 HVN) and (1,661 g/cm3), respectively. These results showed that biocomposite has the potential to be used as a dental material after further development.

The coronavirus pandemic led to the announcement of a worldwide health emergency. The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, which swiftly spread worldwide, has fueled existing challenges. Appropriate medication is necessary to avoid severe SARS-CoV-2 disease. The human TMPRSS2 and SARS-CoV-2 Omicron spike protein, which are required for viral entry into the host phase, were identified as the target proteins through computational screening. Structure-based virtual screening; molecular docking; absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) analysis; and molecular dynamics simulation were the methods applied for TMPRSS2 and spike protein inhibitors. Bioactive marine invertebrates from Indonesia were employed as test ligands. Camostat and nafamostat (co-crystal) were utilized as reference ligands against TMPRSS2, whereas mefloquine was used as a reference ligand against spike protein. Following a molecular docking and dynamics simulation, we found that acanthomanzamine C has remarkable effectiveness against TMPRSS2 and spike protein. Compared to camostat (-8.25 kcal/mol), nafamostat (-6.52 kcal/mol), and mefloquine (-6.34 kcal/mol), acanthomanzamine C binds to TMPRSS2 and spike protein with binding energies of −9.75 kcal/mol and −9.19 kcal/mol, respectively. Furthermore, slight variances in the MD simulation demonstrated consistent binding to TMPRSS2 and spike protein after the initial 50 ns. These results are highly valuable in the search for a treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Reward is a strategy for empowering employees as human resources to achieve the bureaucratic reform target, namely creating civil servants' human resources with integrity, neutrality, competence, capability, professionalism, high performance, and prosperity. An appreciation of the award is giving the title of the best employee to ASN (Civil Servants), who have the best performance and achievement. Generally, the superior carries out the employee appraisal system, which is often subjective. The Office of Religious Research and Development Ministry of Religious Affairs Semarang has implemented an assessment of the best employee based on peer assessment. The article aimed to describe and discuss the process of evaluating and selecting the best employees at the Office of Religious Research and Development in Semarang. This study used a quantitative approach through the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The respondents were 38 civil servants at the Office of Religious Research and Development Semarang, consisting of 9 administrative and 29 research personnel. The findings showed that the application of AHP succeeded in selecting the two best employees, consisting of one person from the administrative staff and one from the research staff. The assessment of employees is relatively objective because a rather large number of colleagues carry it out. AHP is likely to be applied in government agencies because it is flexible, easy to understand, and can solve complex problems. Also, AHP can be used by nongovernmental institutions.

Potato is one of the horticultural crops with high economic value and potential as an export commodity. The productivity of potatoes in Central Java tends to decrease, and it is suspected that the use of production inputs is not optimal. This study aims to evaluate the performance of the use of production inputs, the factors that influence potato production, and the optimization of the use of production inputs in potato farming in the Dieng Plateau. The research was conducted from October to December 2021 in Sumberejo Village, Batur Subdistrict, Banjarnegara District, which has an altitude of + 1700 meters above sea level. This research used a survey method on 30 potato farmers. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively, and analyzed the factors that influence production using multiple linear regression, followed by an optimization test on the use of production inputs. The results showed that the use of production inputs among farmers still varied and had not followed the results of soil analysis. Seed, manure, and labor are production inputs that have a significant positive effect on potato production. To get maximum production, farmers need to add seeds, NPK fertilizer, and manure according to recommendations, while the use of labor needs to be reduced to achieve optimal yields. Keywords: highlands, inputs, increased production, potato, production

An urban area is characterized by increased sedentary lifestyle (SL) and reduced physical fitness (PF) among various populations, including lactating mothers. Adequate physical fitness is essential for lactating mothers to support breastmilk production during the lactating period. This study used an observational method with a cross-sectional design that aims to analyze factors associated with physical fitness among lactating mothers in an urban area. This study included 61 lactating mothers selected through systematic random sampling in Magelang City. Physical fitness status was assessed by a six-minute walk test. Trained enumerators collected data using validated instruments for each variable. Data were analyzed using Chisquare and Fisher’s exact tests. The results showed that most subjects had moderate PF (68.3%), while only 34.9% engaged in vigorous physical activity. In addition, only 3.2% of subjects were well-hydrated, and a significant portion had inadequate calcium (76.2%) and iron (61.9%) intake. However, no significant correlation was found between physical activity, nutritional intake (total energy, calcium, and iron), hydration status, and physical fitness among the lactating mothers (p > 0.05). Therefore, future research should consider incorporating additional variables such as biochemistry and environmental factors.

Religious views which tends to be exoteric and only looking at the formal legal aspect, often gives an over-sensitive views, emotional, and unconsciously giving violence actions. Wahiduddin Khan is a figure who aware of this problem, so he develope the concept of tazkiyah as the basis for the spirituality of peace. Tazkiyah according to Khan focused on intellectual development that touches the heart, so it built the integration between rationality and spirituality which is construct the forms a complete human being. This research was conducted with a descriptive qualitative approach through literature review. This research founded four stages of four stages of tazkiyah: abstraction, internalization, transcendence, and humanization. Tazkiyah is a combination of rational awareness, feelings in the heart (spiritual events) and practical actions that connecting two currents of centripetal and centrifugal motion. The inward movement is closer to mystical awareness and the outward movement is a form of participation in building traditions and social institutions. This combination will produce spirituality that manifests in the awareness and attitude of peace.

Media sosial sangat bermanfaat untuk mendapatkan informasi atau data dengan mudah dan cepat seiring dengan peningkatan jumlah pengguna smartphone terutama pada Android. Di sisi lain, mobile instant messangging aplications dan sosial media membuat prospek adanya tindak kejahatan dunia maya atau Cybercrime khususnya cyber espionage yaitu tindakan mata- mata terhadap data elektronik atau memanfaatkan jaringan internet. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat membuka barang bukti digital pelaku cyber espionage yang ada di aplikasi Facebook berupa gambar dan teks untuk mendukung identifikasi aktivitas yang menuju pada cyber espionage. Kerangka kerja untuk menjalankan digital forensics pada pengkajian ini menggunakan metode Digital Forensics Research Workshop (DFRWS) dengan tahapan identification (identifikasi), Preservation (Pemeliharaan) Collection (Pengumpulan), Examination (Pemeriksaan), Analysis (Analisis), Presentation (Presentasi) . Tools yang digunakan adalah MobilEdit dengan cara kerja ektraksi dan analisis. Skenario yang dilakukan adalah kasus cyber espionage pada facebook. Harapan dari penelitian ini adalah menghasilkan Forensis Investigative analysis pada Facebook memakai metode DFRWS mampu mengungkap cyber espionage pada aplikasi Facebook.

Latar belakang: Ulkus diabetik merupakan suatu penyakit yang menakutkan karena penyakit ini merupakan komplikasi lanjutan yang dialami oleh penderita diabetes mellitus yang mempunyai dampak negatif pada kualitas hidup seseorang. Salah satu metode yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengatasi kejadian ulkus kaki diabetik yaitu dengan terapi oksigen hiperbarik. Terapi ini diketahui dapat memfasilitasi penyembuhan luka dengan memperbaiki perfusi jaringan luka, meningkatan replikasi fibroblas serta produksi kolagen dan meningkatkan kemampuan fagositik. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui penatalaksanaan ulkus kaki diabetik dengan terapi oksigen hiperbarik pada pasien diabetes mellitus. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini adalah literature review dengan pendekatan kuantitatif melalui pencarian artikel yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan database elektronik seperti PubMed, Scient Direct, dan Wiley Online Library untuk menjawab tujuan penulisan. Kombinasi kata kunci yang digunakan dalam pencarian artikel adalah Diabetic Foot Ulcer OR Diabetic Foot AND Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy OR Oxygenations Hyperbaric AND Wound Healing. Hasil: Berdasarkan 7 artikel yang direview menunjukkan bahwa pemberian terapi oksigen hiperbarik dapat mengurangi luas daerah ulkus dan mempercepat proses penyembuhan luka setelah menjalani terapi ≥ 10 sesi. Terapi oksigen hiperbarik dapat meningkatan konsentrasi oksigen dalam jaringan tubuh sehingga memicu metabolisme fungsi sel yang dapat membantu perbaikan mikrosirkulasi dan mempercepat penyembuhan luka. Kesimpulan: Penatalaksanaan ulkus kaki diabetik dengan terapi oksigen hiperbarik pada pasien diabetes mellitus secara signifikan mengurangi ulkus kaki diabetik dan mempercepat proses penyembuhan luka.

Research has so far focused on challenges and problems encountered by either students or teachers about online learning. Meanwhile, research on finding out their positive and inspiring EFL online teaching and learning is not much given attention yet. Thus, to contribute to the previous related studies, this study is aimed at finding out the motivating EFL online learning practices from the studentsâ view. The data of this research were collected from conducting online survey through a google link to 174 students of English Department, UIN Sayyid Ali Rahmatullah, Tulungagung, Indonesia who have experienced the shift platform of learning from offline to online. They were then interviewed at random. The results of this study reveal that the motivating EFL learning practices can be interchangiably carried out synchronously through their most favorable online application and asynchronously. Teacher-related factors and learning materials are also perceived to be the important elements to create motivating online teaching practices. These research results are pedagogically implemented to build an effective EFL online teaching and learning. Keywords: studentsâ perspective; motivating online learning; motivating online teaching.

The barrier of learning listening is experienced by students that make them feel anxious. Consequently, it easily effects their performance during listening class. Therefore, this study is aimed to describe the anxiety types and causes of anxiety confronted by EFL students in listening class at university level. To accomplish this aim, Qualitative research designs was applied by the researchers. The research subjects were English Department Students in IAIN Tulungagung. The research data were obtained through observation in listening class and in-depth interviews to the six most anxious informants. Then, the collected data was analyzed by data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. In order to check trustworthiness of data, theoretical and methodological triangulations applied. The result of this study was revealed that there were six symptoms of anxiety confronted by the students in listening class, that were categorized as the type of Arousal Anxiety (ArA), Apprehension Anxiety (ApA), and Mixed Anxiety (MA) also revealed five causes of anxiety. Those results inform the lecturer to be understood about students’ anxiety and start to create the joyful learning in listening class so that they are more comfortable following the class.

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) implants are becoming an interesting subject in implant design research and development activities due to their complexity. They should be able to facilitate knee movement while supporting body weight during daily usage. Meanwhile, incidents such as hyperflexion in TKA implants outside their designated configuration can lead to subluxation and dislocation in this study, a polyethylene component of a posterior-stabilized right knee joint implant was developed to facilitate a high range of motion (ROM). Finite element analysis (FEA) was used to analyze the contact area on the polyethylene component. FEA was used to simulate weight-bearing conditions at 0°, 30°, 60°, 90°, 120°, and 150° of knee flexion. The modified polyethylene component resulted in better performance in terms of contact area, especially at 120° of knee flexion. The two dominant contact areas on the polyethylene component were 733 mm² at 0° of knee flexion and 576 mm² at 120° of knee flexion. Furthermore, the current design of the polyethylene component can maintain a contact area of 65 mm² at 150° of knee flexion. The current design is expected to accommodate deep knee flexion movement in daily activities and reduce the possibility of subluxation and dislocation at the polyethylene component during deep knee flexion. In addition, a large contact area can reduce the potential wear on or fracture of the polyethylene component. Finally, the result of FEA was validated using a simulator of knee kinematic motion; there was no indication of subluxation and dislocation at any degree of knee flexion.

Latarbelakang. Pasien kritis merupakan pasien mengalami gangguan fungsi multiorgan yang memerlukan perawatan kompleks di ICU. Perawatan kompleks yang diberikan di ICU cenderung lebih berfokus pada peningkatan kebutuhan fisik pasien, sedangkan untuk kebutuhan psikologis dan kebutuhan lainnya kurang diperhatikan termasuk kebutuhan tidur. Kualitas tidur yang buruk akan mempengaruhi fungsi vegetatif tubuh pasien, lama hari rawat, bahkan kematian. Intervensi diperlukan untuk meningkatkan kualitas tidur pasien yaitu dengan terapi hipnosis musik kalsik Mozart. Tujuan. penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh hipnosis dengan musik klasik mozart terhadap kualitas tidur pada pasien kritis di Ruang ICU Rumah Sakit Muhammadiyah Palembang. Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode quasi experimental one group pre test–post test design without control group. Sampel berjumlah 16 orang dipilih menggunakan metode Consecutive Sampling. Intervensi yang diberikan pada sampel yaitu pemberian terapi hipnosis dengan musik klasik Mozart. Hasil berupa kualitas tidur dianalisis dengan uji Wilcoxon. Hasil. Diketahui kualitas tidur pasien kritis mengalami peningkatan sebelum diberikan inetrvensi nilai median sebesar 55 dengan standar deviasi 1,301 dan setelah dilakukan terapi meningkat nilai median menjadi 70 dengan standar deviasi 1,101. Hasil uji statistik PSQI untuk mengetahui pengaruh kualitas tidur didapatkan hasil signifikan nilai pvalue=0,001 (p

Sorghum is uniquely adapted to dryland and used by the Indonesian government to optimize the utilization of dryland and increase farmers’ incomes. The objective of this study was to analyze the contribution of sorghum to increasing income and the level of welfare of dryland farmer households in Wonogiri, Central Java, Indonesia. The study was conducted from October to December 2022 using a survey method through direct interviews with purposively selected sorghum-growing farmers. A set of questions included household income and expenditure. The average total income and expenditure indicators, poverty line figures, RMW, and ERFHI were used to measure the welfare level of farmer households. The study found that the income derived from sorghum contributes 22.87% to total household income and tends to increase household income by 29.65%. According to the average total income earned, farming households were in a prosperous condition. This can be seen from the total income, which is higher than the total expenditure, the average per capita income higher than the poverty line, the average total income higher than RMW, and the value of ERFHI at 1.25. Income derived from sorghum has increased by 21.43–56.00% from less prosperous households to prosperous ones. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the existing literature on sorghum development and farmers’ income and to be a reference for policy makers in formulating poverty alleviation programs and improving the welfare of farmer households, as well as expanding sorghum development by optimizing the utilization of agroecological, economic and social resources.

This study aims to describe Teacher Performance Improvement Through Periodic Collaborative Educational Supervision in Learning Activities in Semester II TP 2021/2022 at SMK Negeri 1 Peusangan, and as a teaching profession for credit scores (position increases). The approach used in this research is qualitative with the type of school action research (PTS). The results showed that almost all of the 6 teachers were able to carry out learning well. This is evident from the results of supervision. The steps taken to improve the implementation of learning based on this action research are: (1) Researchers who observe teachers teaching not as assessors but as co-workers, (2) During the supervision in the classroom the teacher does not consider the researcher as an assessor, (3) Researchers record all events that occur in learning both positive and negative, (4) Researchers always give examples of learning oriented to Modern Learning. (5) Researchers provide examples of how to explain objectives, present, provide feedback to teachers, (6) Researchers every two or three weeks visit or follow the teacher in the learning process.

Relics of buildings with Dutch colonial architecture to this day can still be found in several road corridors, especially in Pesanggrahan Village, one of which is Jalan Hassanudin, Batu City. This study serves to measure and measure the community towards building units in forming the image of the area on the corridor of Jalan Hassanudin. This research uses the imageability factor which is used to see the character of the area consisting of impressions, past memories, unforgettable memories, uniqueness, attractiveness, clarity, enjoyment and uniqueness. The measuring instrument used is the semantic differential scale of previous research references. The results of the research regarding impressions are the most dominant variable based on people's impressions. impressiveness, uniqueeness, atractiveness, clarity, pleasantness, distinctiveness, recognizableness are significant variables to the image of the historical area in the corridor of Jalan Hassanudin. Meanwhile, variables such as unforgettable memory and remembrance of the past are variables that have a sig value. > 0.05 so that it does not affect the image of the area.

At this time the government prohibits the use of antibiotics in animal feed as a growth promoter (AGP) or antibiotic, so an effective and safe immunomodulator and herbal growth stimulant product are needed through Meniran extract products (Phyllantus niruri) and chemicals in the market are not yet optimal as immunomodulators and growth stimulants. CV. Maxipro Agrosatwa which is engaged in veterinary medicine, wholesale trade of agricultural products, and other live animals will produce feed using Meniran extract products. Extraction equipment that is needed is a Rotary vacuum evaporator. This equipment is needed to separate the solvent from the solute without high heating which will damage the solute content. The vacuum condition in the flask is to make the separation more efficient as well as accelerate the separation of the solvent from a solution by reducing the boiling point. The rotation of the flask is to increase evaporation. The complexity of this equipment is what makes CV. Maxipro Agrosatwa cannot handle it alone and requires technical assistance from the Department of Mechanical Engineering (JTM) FT UNS. Technical assistance provided by JTM FT UNS is in the form of procurement, delivery, installation, operation, and maintenance of the rotary vacuum evaporator.

Pertanian konvensional merupakan pertanian yang menggantungkan input produksi dari bahan-bahan kimia, karena praktis dan cepat memberikan hasil panen yang tinggi, tetapi berdampak negatif pada lingkungan seperti kesehatan manusia serta ekosistem. Oleh karena itu perlu terobosan teknologi baru menggunakan produk organik yang memanfaatkan limbah pertanian yang tidak bermanfaat dan mencemari lingkungan untuk dijadikan produk bermanfaat serta memiliki nilai jual yaitu kompos. Memanfaatkan limbah tulang ikan, kepala udang dan bonggol pisang untuk dibuat mikroorganisme lokal (MOL) sebagai aktivator dalam pembuatan kompos. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pada hari ke berapa kompos jadi, menganalisis sifat fisik dan kimia kompos, dan mengetahui kualitas kompos hasil penelitian dengan membandingkan standar Permentan No. 70/Permentan/SR.140/10/2011. Penelitian ini berlangsung selama 4 bulan, mulai Agustus hingga November 2021 yang terdiri dari survei lokasi, persiapan, pembuatan MOL dan kompos serta analisis unsur hara yang dilaksanakan di tempat terpisah yaitu di Laboratorium Produksi (pembuatan MOL dan kompos) dan di Laboratorium Ilmu Tanah (analisis kimia kompos). Lama pengomposan hingga jadi memerlukan waktu 23 hari dengan ciri-ciri teksturnya hambur, bentuk hancur, warna kompos hitam, tidak berbau dan suhu stabil yaitu mendekati suhu ruang. Kualitas kompos hasil penelitian berdasarkan standar Permentan No. 70/Permentan/SR.140/10/2011 untuk pH H2O, C Organik, dan C/N sudah sesuai standar, sedangkan untuk kandungan N, P dan K belum sesuai standar.

Latar Belakang : Hipertensi merupakan awal dari munculnya penyakit – penyakit katastropik. Hampir setiap tahun sebanyak delapan miliyar orang di dunia meninggal karena hipertensi dan hampir 1,5 juta orang setiap tahunnya di kawasan Asia Timur-Selatan meninggal karena hipertensi. Kurang lebih sebanyak sepertiga orang dewasa di Asia Timur Selatan terserang penyakit hipertensi. Salah satu faktor yang beresiko memicu seseorang terserang penyakit hipertensi adalah merokok. Merokok bisa mengakibatkan seseorang menderita hipetensi, nikotin yang terkandung di dalam rokok bisa merangsang pelepasan katekolamin. Katekolamin yang mengalami peningkatan menyebabkan iritabilitas miokardial, peningkatan denyut jantung, lalu mengakibatkan vasokontriksi yang kemudian menyebabkan tekanan darah meningkat. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui seperti apakah gambaran perilaku merokok yang mencakup pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan pada pasien Hipertensi di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Palembang Bari. Metode Penelitian : Desain Penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode deskriptif analisis yang berfungsi mendeskripsikan atau menggambarkan objek yang diteliti menggunakan data dan sampel yang terkumpul dengan jumlah sampel 45 responden. Hasil Penelitian : Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa dari 45 responden yang diteliti diperoleh (13,3%) dengan Pengetahuan Kurang, (37,8%) dengan Pengetahuan Cukup, dan (48,9%) dengan Pengetahuan Baik. Kemudian sebanyak (8,9%) memiliki Sikap Negatif, dan sebanyak (91,1%) memiliki Sikap Positif. Serta sebanyak (31,1%) memiliki Tindakan Kurang, (60,0%) dengan Tindakan Cukup, dan (8,9%) dengan Tindakan Baik. Diskusi : Pengetahuan pasien hipertensi tentang merokok masuk dalam kategori baik, sikap pasien hipertensi tentang merokok masuk kategori positif dan tindakan merokok pasien hipertensi masuk kategori cukup baik.

AbstrakJamur memiliki kebutuhan tumbuh dengan suhu 16-22ºC dan kelembaban 80-90%, Jawa Barat merupakan sentra jamur karena di dataran tinggi seperti Pangalengan, Lembang, Cisarua, dan Cipanas, kawasan ini merupakan kawasan yang sangat baik untuk budidaya jamur tiram. Sedangkan daerah lain dapat berkembang menjadi tempat budidaya sebagai faktor lingkungan sesuai dengan pertumbuhan dan perkembangannya. Faktor lingkungan yang menentukan tanaman disekitarnya yaitu kelembaban media tanam, kelembaban relatif, kecepatan angin, suhu media tanam, dan unsur hara. Wajib dilakukan untuk mengatur suhu dan kelembaban yang membutuhkan biaya yang tidak sedikit. Solusi untuk masalah ini adalah menggunakan perangkat keamanan dan kelembaban dengan Raspberry pi. Raspberry merupakan komputer mini yang hanya membutuhkan daya hingga 10 Watt. Raspberry memiliki fasilitas IO port yang dapat dipasang dengan sensor suhu dan kelembaban. Selanjutnya dapat diukur suhu dan kelembaban yang terjadi dengan sensor tersebut. Pada penelitian ini dibuat sistem kendali suhu dan kelembaban dengan menyemprotkan air secara otomatis pada saat suhu dan kelembaban tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini membuat sistem pengatur suhu yang dikembangkan dengan menggunakan bahasa pemrograman Python dan Android. Pengujian sistem kendali suhu dan kelembaban dilakukan dengan metode Black Box yaitu pengujian dengan melihat hasil sistem apakah keluaran dari sistem sesuai dengan yang diharapkan atau tidak. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah sebuah alat yang dapat mengontrol suhu kumbung sesuai dengan kebutuhan tumbuh jamur sehingga meningkatkan hasil panen petani jamur dua kali atau lebih terutama pada musim kemarau.Kata kunci: Jamur Tiram, Raspberry, Metode Black Box Abstract[Raspberry Pi Development for Monitoring Temperature and Humidity to Increase Yields in Oyster Mushroom Cultivation]Mushrooms have growing requirements with temperatures of 16-22ºC and humidity of 80-90%, West Java is a mushroom center because in highlands such as Pangalengan, Lembang, Cisarua, and Cipanas, this area is a very good area for growing oyster mushrooms. While other areas can develop into a place of cultivation as an environmental factor in accordance with growth and development. While the environmental factors that determine the surrounding plants, the planting medium humidity, relative humidity, wind speed, temperature of the planting media, and nutrients. Required is done to regulate temperature and humidity which requires little cost. The solution to this problem is using a safety and humidity device with Raspberry pi. Raspberry is a mini-computer that only requires power up to 10 Watts. Raspberry has an IO port facility that can be installed with temperature and humidity sensors. Furthermore, it can be measured temperature and humidity in progress with these sensors. In this research, a temperature and humidity control system is created by spraying water automatically when the temperature and humidity are high. The purpose of this research is to make a temperature control system developed using the Python and Android programming languages. Testing of the temperature and humidity control system is carried out by the Black Box method, namely testing by seeing the system results whether the output from the system is as expected or not. The results of this study are a tool that can control the temperature of the lumbung according to the needs of growing mushrooms, thereby increasing the yield of mushroom farmers twice or more, especially in the dry season.Keywords: Oyster Mushroom, Raspberry, Black Box method

Religious plurality has been a challenge in building tolerance and religious harmony in Indonesia. But people has a way to maintain social integration, among which is the tradition of halal bihalal on Eid Mubarak momentum. In Java, it can strengthen good relations between individuals and even among different religions, as shown by Muslims and Christians in Gendingan, Yogyakarta. This study aimed at revealing how the halal bihalal phenomonon across religions in Gendingan could serve as a driving force for religious tolerance and social identity of the people. The study used a qualitative approach in which data were collected through interviews, observation, and documentation. The findings of this study indicated that interfaith halal bihalal as the public consensus in Gendingan, Yogyakarta is constructed in promoting tolerance values between religious believers and breaking down social identity barriers that are restricted by religious identity. In social life where there is a plurality of religions, interfaith halal bihalal is capable of encouraging greater acceptance of social identity than religious identity, namely a shared social identity as a member of Gendingan village. A strong social identity as citizens has beaten the different of religious identity in building an attitude of religious tolerance and harmony.

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum absorption time of corn cob charcoal in absorbing Fe (II) ions, and the effect of pH of the solution on Fe concentration was absorbed in batch isothermic conditions using the Langmuir equation. The study was carried out under atmospheric conditions, temperature 27oC. A total of 0.6 g of char is added to 50 ml of Fe solution with various concentrations and then stirred using a magnetic stirrer at a speed of 150 rpm. Equilibrium data is taken after the process last for 24 hours, while to determine the contact time is selected at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 minutes. The optimum absorption time of corn cob charcoal in absorbing Fe (II) ions is 20 minutes. The amount of Fe absorbed increases with increasing pH.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari korosi pada baja galvanis setelah diekspos di Sungai Cidaho Wilayah Sukabumi, Jawa Barat. Kehilangan berat baja galvanis diukur dengan metode pengurangan berat setelah diekspos untuk periode waktu tertentu di permukaan air sungai dan kedalaman air 1 meter. Morfologi permukaan dan komposisi produk korosinya dianalisismenggunakan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) - Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) dan X-Raya Diffraction (XRD). Setelah diekspos, seluruh permukaan baja galvanis tertutup oleh produk korosi. Hasil berat yang hilang dari baja galvanis setelah diekspos 76 hari adalah 1,37 mg/cm2 pada permukaan air sungai dan 7,83 mg/cm2 untuk kedalaman air 1 meter. Peningkatan kerusakan dari baja galvanis ini terjadi karena tidak terbentuk lapisan protektif akibat tergerus arus sungai. Produk korosi yang dominan pada baja galvanis yang diekspos pada kedalaman 1 meter adalah senyawa Zincite (ZnO). Hasil ini mengindikasikan bahwa penggunaan baja galvanis tidak cocok untuk lingkungan di kedalaman air

Sandi Museum is one of museums that exhibits various collections of historical code in the forms of realia, replica, machine, picture and document related to codes. As the information sources of national cultural wealth, the existence of Sandi museum has not been visited by the tourists yet. It is because of the lack of museum promotion to community. Besides that, there is a stigma of community that museum is only the place to store the historical goods, therefore, the community activities when visiting the museum tend to be passive, in which they only look around the collections of historical goods without any interactions happened in visiting the museum. In order to get attraction of tourists when they are visiting the Sandi museum, the museum’s officials are able to use the interactive learning media based on the technology of Augmented Reality in introducing Sandi museum. The visitors are able to visualize the object or historical good in 3 dimension (3-D) which is real time. The museum introduction based on Augmented Reality enables visitors to be able to interact with the objects or the historical goods through intuitive and interesting way. In this research, it is going to make AR-Sandi application as the information media to introduce Sandi museum to the community. The research approach used is research and development approach with the development model of waterfall. The Model of waterfall consists of five phases, namely analysis, design, implementation, testing and maintenance. The result of the research is that the application of AR-Sandi has been successfully developed in accordance to the methodology of waterfall. Based on the acceptance testing of AR-Sandi application with the framework of TAM (Technology Acceptance Method) towards 30 visitors of Sandi museum, it is obtained that the majority of visitors agrees, the AR-Sandi application is acceptable by the users, it has functionality and work performance well.

In this research, the tensile properties' performance of compression moulded discontinuous randomized zalacca fibre/high-density polyethylene under critical fibre length was analysed by means of experimental method and micromechanical models. These investigations were used to verify the tensile properties models toward the effect of fibre length and volume fraction on the composites. The experimental results showed that the tensile properties of composites had significantly increased due to the enhancement of fibre length. On the contrary, a decline in the tensile properties was observed with the increase of volume fraction. A comparison was made between the available experimental results and the performances of Tsai-Pagano, Christensen and Cox-Krechel models in their prediction of composites elastic modulus. The results showed that the consideration of fibre's elastic anisotropy in the Cox-Krenchel model had yielded a good prediction of the composites modulus, nevertheless the models could not accurately predict the composites modulus for fibre length study. Keywords: Zalacca fibre, Micromechanical analysis, High-density polyethylene, Critical fibre length, Tensile properties

Sorghum is an important food crop commodity in the midst of climate change conditions and the threat of a global food crisis. Sorghum, which has an adaptive advantage to all land conditions, is suitable for use as a food substitute for rice and wheat. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the economic value, farmers’ perceptions, and specific strategies for developing sorghum in Central Java and Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The research was conducted in Wonogiri Regency, Central Java, and Gunungkidul Regency, Yogyakarta from September to November 2022. The research was carried out through the observation of 120 respondents with indicators of farming characteristics and farmers’ perceptions of sorghum development, as well as focus group discussions (FGD) and depth interviews with indicators of internal and external factors for sorghum development. The analysis used is benefit cost (BC) to evaluate the economic value of sorghum farming, the Likert scale to determine farmers’ perceptions of sorghum, and Strength Weak Opportunity Threat (SWOT) to determine specific strategies for developing sorghum. The results showed that sorghum farming is feasible to develop in Wonogiri Central Java and Gunungkidul Yogyakarta because it provides a profit value greater than production costs with a BCR value of >1. The perception of farmers in Central Java regarding the development of sorghum is included in the very good category with an average value of 3.31, and the perception of farmers in Yogyakarta is included in the good category with an average value of 2.55. The operational policy strategy for developing sorghum in Wonogiri Central Java and Gunungkidul Yogyakarta is an expansion strategy (S-O).

The search for new antibiotics against drug-resistant microbes has been expanded to marine bacteria. Marine bacteria have been proven to be a prolific source of a myriad of novel compounds with potential biological activities. Therefore, this review highlights novel and bioactive compounds from marine bacteria reported during the period of January 2016 to December 2021. Published articles containing novel marine bacterial secondary metabolites that are active against drug-resistant pathogens were collected. Previously described compounds (prior to January 2016) are not included in this review. Unreported compounds during this period that exhibited activity against pathogenic microbes were discussed and compared in order to find the cue of the structure–bioactivity relationship. The results showed that Streptomyces are the most studied bacteria with undescribed bioactive compounds, followed by other genera in the Actinobacteria. We have categorized the structures of the compounds in the present review into four groups, based on their biosynthetic origins, as polyketide derivatives, amino acid derivatives, terpenoids, as well as compounds with mixed origin. These compounds were active against one or more drug-resistant pathogens, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE), vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE), multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-TB), and amphotericin B-resistant Candida albicans. In addition, some of the compounds also showed activity against biofilm formation of the test bacteria. Some previously undescribed compounds, isolated from marine-derived bacteria during this period, could have a good potential as lead compounds for the development of drug candidates to overcome multidrug-resistant pathogens.

Imported soybeans have dominated national soybeans for more than two decades. To reduce dependence on imported soybeans, efforts are needed to maximize national soybean production and productivity through technological innovation. Soybean high yielding varieties are one of the easiest technologies to be adopted by farmers. The assessment aims to evaluate perceptions, attitudes and satisfaction of farmers with the attributes of superior soybean varieties. The assessment was carried out using a survey method of soybean farmers totaling 32 people in The Kebumen Regency. High yielding soybeans varieties studied is Grobogan, Anjasmoro and Gema varieties. Attributes evaluated are plant performance, yield, soybeans price selling, easier seeds to obtain, harvest age, the suitability of seed size to demand and pest resistance. Farmers’ perceptions were mapped using perceptual mapping, farmer attitudes were analyzed using the Fishbein Multiattribute Model and farmer satisfaction was analyzed using the Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI). The results of the study showed that farmers had better perceptions, attitudes and satisfaction towards Grobogan and Anjasmoro varieties compared to Gema variety. Grobogan and Anjasmoro varieties were perceived as more excellent because they had more attractive plant diversity, higher production, easier seeds to obtain and more resistance to pests-diseases. Farmers showed a more accepting attitude to cultivating Grobogan and Anjasmoro varieties with Fishbein Multiattribute scores of 45.63 and 43.93, while the Gema variety only scored 39.64. Farmers have a higher level of satisfaction with Grobogan and Anjasmoro variety with CSI values of 52.11% and 50.37% compared to the Gema variety of 44.66%.

Peatlands conversion to dryland for plantation has caused environmental havoc and is more prone to natural disasters in Indonesia. Community engagements under village administration should be the main strategy for supporting peatlands restoration. Since the new law on villages was enacted in 2014, the village has gained authority and delegated responsibilities from the upper-level government to make rural development decisions in various sectors, including those connected to environmental management, such as peatland restoration. The recognition of authority is followed by the transfer of significant funds, called village funds, from the central government as a form of commitment to undertake the village law. Currently, applied regulations allow community engagement to utilize the village fund for supporting peatland restoration. This study investigated the community's perceptions of village fund utilization for peatland restoration through in-depth interviews and questionnaires with site-level stakeholders that influence village budget allocation-related policies. The investigated aspects included village budgeting and development planning mechanism, the capacity of the community, and rules of district government in supervising the villages. Based on our findings, the identified challenges include the absence of environmental aspects as a part of village development pillars for developing village planning and budgeting, lack of community's environmental-economical nexus knowledge, and lack of district government in supervising village fund utilization and management at the site-level. However, the opportunities to direct the village fund utilization for peatlands restoration are widely open by strengthening the roles of district government to improve village fund governance at the site level.

The growth of the Indonesian population has led to an increase in the demand for rice, which the country has yet to satisfy. Indonesia needs a comprehensive strategy that integrates meaningful efforts to increase its agricultural production. This study aims to review the examined trends in rice yield in Indonesia for 70 years after Indonesia’s independence (1945–2016) followed by the identification of the application technology and factors that contribute to increasing rice yields to forecast sustainable food security scenarios up to 2030. This article reviews the results of research on rice production technology in Indonesia from 1945 to 2016, and the outlook for 2030. This paper examines the main points of the Indonesian transformation of rice technology: improvement of rice varieties, integrated crop management, innovations in agricultural machinery, and the Integrated Cropping Calendar Information System (ICCIS). We found that transformation has helped Indonesia increased its rice yields from 3 t ha−1 prior to 1961 to 4.6 t ha−1 in 1985, stagnated in 1990, and increased again in 2017 to 5.46 t ha−1. The increase in yield was sustained by an increase in the harvested area owing to cropping index (CI) innovation. Food security and sustainable development remain the primary goals of Indonesia’s agricultural sector. The application of appropriate technologies and institutional innovations can assist Indonesia in achieving its food security. Therefore, the transformation of technological innovations will continue to be an essential driver of future agricultural growth, including greater use of crop varieties, machinery, and land/institutional reforms.