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Abstract Outdated coal mining technologies involve considerable mine water resource waste. For coal mines located in water-starved western regions of China, this jeopardizes the sustainable coal mining development, local eco-environment, and agricultural production. Coal mine underground reservoirs furnish conservation and cyclic utilization of water resources in the coal mining process. The weakest links of underground reservoirs are artificial dams that are prone to frequent occurrence of water seepage and instability failures. Aiming to explore the deformation rules of artificial dams under fluid–solid coupling action, this study developed a nested multi-coupling test system comprising a model shelf, a mine pressure simulation device, a water pressure simulation device, and a monitoring system, The maximum size of the model shelf is 1400 mm * 1300 mm * 200 mm. The mine pressure simulation device was composed of static-load and vibration-load oil cylinders of various sizes. A servo motor mainly controlled the water pressure device; with a water pressure sensor and high-precision flowmeter, water pressure could be accurately adjusted. By taking the underground reservoir in the Wulanmulun Coal Mine as an example, the deformation failure characteristics of the MB-1 dam under fluid–solid coupling conditions were simulated to validate the reasonability and feasibility of the developed system. The obtained experimental results indicated that the artificial dam damage was induced by increased mine pressure, leading to shear compression failure. The artificial dam underwent plastic deformation at a water pressure of 11.43 kPa, accompanied with the generation of microfractures, which rapid propagation under vibration loading violated the dam’s stability.

The combination of radiotherapy and immunotherapy improves the survival rate of patients with malignancies developed through escape from T-cell-mediated immune surveillance. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as anti-programmed cell death protein-ligand 1 (anti-PD-L1) antibody, are used to rescue exhausted T cells. Simultaneously, dendritic cells (DCs) which are antigen-presenting cells that can initiate T-cell activation, are used to induce a tumor-specific immune response. However, the synergistic antitumor efficacy of the aforementioned combinational immunotherapy with intratumoral injection of low-dose DCs has not been reported, and the underlying therapeutic mechanism requires further investigation. Herein, we present the special case of a psoriatic patient with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) in the right inguinal region, these two diseases characterized by opposing contradiction, further complicating treatments and side-effect management efforts. To treat the intractable SCC without exaggerating psoriasis, we developed the triple-regimen therapy (TRT) with the intratumoral injection of low-dose autologous DCs and anti-PD-L1 combined with radiotherapy. The injected DCs were obtained simply through leukapheresis without prior G-CSF administration for mobilization nor tumor-antigen loading for expansion. The patient received three radiation doses (24, 18, and 18 Gy) combined with three intratumoral injections of anti-PD-L1 antibody (40, 60, and 120 mg) plus autologous DCs (80% of the DC subpopulation being CD16+ myeloid DC with approximate amounts of 7.3 × 104, 2.5 × 106, and 1.7 × 107) within 10 weeks. The efficacy of the TRT was encouraging in shrinking tumor mass with remarkable SUVmax reduction (approximately 42%) on FDG PET-Scan despite relatively low-dose DCs were available. The low-dose intratumoral immunotherapy induced mild cutaneous side effects as expected. The transcriptomes were compared between pre-TRT and post-TRT biopsies to analyze underlying mechanical pathways of the TRT protocol. Over 10 highly significantly enriched T-cell-related pathways (P

Pharmaceuticals in aquatic environment displayed adverse effects to fish. The effects are usually related to the internal levels of pharmaceuticals accumulated in specific fish tissues. In this study, we investigated the uptake, elimination, and toxicokinetics of six pharmaceuticals, e.g. naproxen (NAX), diclofenac (DCF), ibuprofen (IBU), carbamazepine (CBZ), fluoxetine (FLX), and sertraline (SER), in 11 fish tissues of Nile tilapia. The experiments were conducted in a flow-through system with an 8-day uptake/8-day elimination periods. The fish exposure groups involved the control, single FLX, and mixture of six pharmaceuticals at environmentally relevant concentration of 4 μg/L. FLX and SER showed the maximum concentrations of 145 and 201 ng/g wet weight, respectively, in fish spleen tissue, while NAX and IBU were not detected in any tissue. The mean concentrations for the pharmaceuticals in Nile tilapia tissues generally followed the order: bile> kidney, gut, stomach, liver> brain, gill, spleen> plasma, skin, muscle. The steady-state bioconcentration factors in various tissues generally range at 0.74–437.58 L/kg. The uptake and elimination toxicokinetics illustrated the rapid accumulation and depuration of pharmaceuticals in fish tissues. The results help to understand the internal bioconcentration, tissue distribution, and toxicokinetics of pharmaceuticals in multiple fish biological compartments.

An innovative fabrication method to produce a macroporous Si surface by employing an anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) nanopore array layer as an etching template is presented. Combining AAO with a reactive ion etching (RIE) processes, a homogeneous and macroporous silicon surface can be effectively configured by modulating AAO process parameters and alumina film thickness, thus hopefully replacing conventional photolithography and electrochemical etch methods. The hybrid process integration is considered fully CMOS compatible thanks to the low-temperature AAO and CMOS processes. The gas-sensing characteristics of 50 nm TiO2 nanofilms deposited on the macroporous surface are compared with those of conventional plain (or non-porous) nanofilms to verify reduced response noise and improved sensitivity as a result of their macroporosity. Our experimental results reveal that macroporous geometry of the TiO2 chemoresistive gas sensor demonstrates 2-fold higher (~33%) improved sensitivity than a non-porous sensor at different levels of oxygen exposure. In addition, the macroporous device exhibits excellent discrimination capability and significantly lessened response noise at 500 °C. Experimental results indicate that the hybrid process of such miniature and macroporous devices are compatible as well as applicable to integrated next generation bio-chemical sensors.

To investigate the efficacy of fosfomycin against extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli in Taiwan and the resistance mechanisms and characterization of human and pig isolates, we analyzed 145 ESBL-producing isolates collected from two hospitals (n = 123) and five farms (n = 22) in Taiwan from February to May, 2013. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were determined. Clonal relatedness was determined by PFGE and multi-locus sequence typing. ESBLs, ampC, and fosfomycin resistant genes were detected by PCR, and their flanking regions were determined by PCR mapping and sequencing. The fosfomycin resistant mechanisms, including modification of the antibiotic target (MurA), functionless transporters (GlpT and UhpT) and their regulating genes such as uhpA, cyaA, and ptsI, and antibiotic inactivation by enzymes (FosA and FosC), were examined. The size and replicon type of plasmids carrying fosfomycin resistant genes were analyzed. Our results revealed the susceptibility rates of fosfomycin were 94% for human ESBL-producing E. coli isolates and 77% for pig isolates. The PFGE analysis revealed 79 pulsotypes. No pulsotype was found existing in both human and pig isolates. Three pulsotypes were distributed among isolates from two hospitals. ISEcp1 carrying blaCTX-M-group 9 was the predominant transposable elements of the ESBL genes. Among the thirteen fosfomycin resistant isolates, functionless transporters were identified in 9 isolates. Three isolates contained novel amino acid substitutions (Asn67Ile, Phe151Ser and Trp164Ser, Val146Ala and His159Tyr, respectively) in MurA (the target of fosfomycin). Four isolates had fosfomycin modified enzyme (fosA3) in their plasmids. The fosA3 gene was harboured in an IncN-type plasmid (101 kbp) in the three pig isolates and an IncB/O-type plasmid (113 kbp) in the human isolate. In conclusion, we identified that 6% and 23% of the ESBL-producing E. coli from human and pigs were resistant to fosfomycin, respectively, in Taiwan. No clonal spread was found between human and pig isolates. Functionless transporters were the major cause of fosfomycin resistance, and the fosA3-transferring plasmid between isolates warrants further monitoring.

Due to the limited information of the contribution of various antibiotic resistance mechanisms in clinical Burkholderia cepacia complex isolates, Antibiotic resistance mechanisms, including integron analysis, identification of quinolone resistance-determining region mutations, measurement of efflux pump activity, and sequence analysis of efflux pump regulators, were investigated in 66 clinical B. cepacia complex isolates. Species were identified via recA-RFLP and MALDI-TOF. Four genomovars were identified by recA-RFLP. B. cenocepacia (genomovar III) was the most prevalent genomovar (90.1%). Most isolates (60/66, 90.9%) were correctly identified by MALDI-TOF analysis. Clonal relatedness determined by PFGE analysis revealed 30 pulsotypes, including two major pulsotypes that comprised 22.7% and 18.2% of the isolates, respectively. Seventeen (25.8%) isolates harboured class 1 integron with various combinations of resistance genes. Among six levofloxacin-resistant isolates, five had single-base substitutions in the gyrA gene and three demonstrated efflux pump activities. Among the 42 isolates exhibiting resistance to at least one antimicrobial agent, 94.4% ceftazidime-resistant isolates (17/18) and 72.7% chloramphenicol-resistant isolates (16/22) demonstrated efflux pump activity. Quantitation of efflux pump RNA level and sequence analysis revealed that over-expression of the RND-3 efflux pump was attributable to specific mutations in the RND-3 efflux pump regulator gene. In conclusion, high-level expression of efflux pumps is prevalent in B. cepacia complex isolates. Mutations in the RND-3 efflux pump regulator gene are the major cause of efflux pump activity, resulting in the resistance to antibiotics in clinical B. cepacia complex isolates.

The laboratory researches about the inhibiting effect of citric acid on the flotation performance of serpentine activated by Cu2+ and Ni2+ were carried out through micro flotation tests, zeta potential measurements, collector adsorption capacity measurements and solution chemistry analysis. The flotation results showed that Cu2+ and Ni2+ could remarkably activate the flotation of serpentine when the pH value was more than 6, however, this activation could be effectively weakened by adding citric acid. Zeta potential measurement and adsorption capacity measurement indicated that the presence of citric acid could prevent the adsorption of Cu2+ and Ni2+, and therefore reduce the adsorption amount of potassium butyl xanthate on serpentine surface. Furthermore, solution chemical analysis of the flotation system showed that copper hydroxide Cu(OH)2(s) and the nickel hydroxide Ni(OH)2(s) were the main component in the pH range of 9 to 10, which adsorbed onto serpentine surface and made it activated; while the citric acid could effectively prohibit the formation of these metal hydroxide in slurry so as to inhibit the activation impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An innovative fabrication method to produce a macroporous Si surface by employing an anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) nanopore array layer as an etching template is presented. Combining AAO with a reactive ion etching (RIE) processes, a homogeneous and macroporous silicon surface can be effectively configured by modulating AAO process parameters and alumina film thickness, thus hopefully replacing conventional photolithography and electrochemical etch methods. The hybrid process integration is considered fully CMOS compatible thanks to the low-temperature AAO and CMOS processes. The gas-sensing characteristics of 50 nm TiO2 nanofilms deposited on the macroporous surface are compared with those of conventional plain (or non-porous) nanofilms to verify reduced response noise and improved sensitivity as a result of their macroporosity. Our experimental results reveal that macroporous geometry of the TiO2 chemoresistive gas sensor demonstrates 2-fold higher (∼33%) improved sensitivity than a non-porous sensor at different levels of oxygen exposure. In addition, the macroporous device exhibits excellent discrimination capability and significantly lessened response noise at 500 °C. Experimental results indicate that the hybrid process of such miniature and macroporous devices are compatible as well as applicable to integrated next generation bio-chemical sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]