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Background: To meet the health care challenges and increasing population health demands of today and the future, the Missouri Center for Nursing developed the Culture of Health Initiative Project (CHIP). Method: Phase one surveys examined 33 nurse leaders' responses to the population health knowledge and training needs of nurses in their organizations. In phase two, 71 nurse leaders' and practicing nurses' responses from the Population Health Nursing Skills Survey provided insight into the education needs of Missouri nurses. Results: Findings identified a lack of available education and resources related to nursing, limited knowledge of concepts among nursing leaders, and a need for flexibility in the format and content to educate nurses in all types of nursing practice. Conclusion: Professional development practitioners must collaborate with nurses and nurse leaders, in all settings, to meet the learning needs necessary for Culture of Health competence. [ J Contin Educ Nurs . 2020;51(12):568–573.]

Objectives: To examine how Americans’ opinions of the relative seriousness of various health problems have changed over time and to quantify the public’s preferences for research prioritization. Methods: We conducted a survey that asked respondents to rate the seriousness of 80 health problems on a four-point Likert scale (“very serious problem,” “somewhat serious problem,” “not too serious of a problem,” or “not a problem at all”). Results were compared to past surveys from 2001 and 2013 that examined the same set of health problems (with the exception of COVID-19). The survey also included 15 MaxDiff questions that asked respondents to select the health problems they considered most and least important for research funding. Respondents were recruited from the KnowledgePanel, a nationally-representative sample of American households. Results: A total of 768 adults competed the survey between September 3 and 14, 2020. The health problems that Americans consider to be very serious generally align with the leading causes of death and noncommunicable diseases like heart disease (rated “very serious” by 55.3% of sample), diabetes (45.0%), and mental health (e.g., mental illness - 53.6%;depression - 50.7%);however, several social determinants of health (e.g., violence - 62.6%;racial discrimination - 52.9%) are also identified. COVID-19 was a perhaps unsurprising top priority (ranked 3rd at 62.4%), while cancer remains the highest (ranked first at 65.5%) and a persistent priority for research funding. Conclusions: Americans consider a diverse set of health problems to be very serious, with recognition of social determinants of health rising. Our findings offer guidance as to the disease areas in which innovations would bring the greatest value to patients and society and also offers affirmations of the relief brought by recent innovations.

In a comparison of 27-year-old Pinus radiata D. Don on a nitrogen deficient coastal dune and growing with or without lupin plus fertiliser, mean wood density, earlywood density, and latewood density in individual annual growth rings were significantly lower in treated as compared to control stands. Latewood percentage showed a similar pattern of variation in relation to treatment and tree age when the ring was laid down. Wood density and latewood percentage increased radially from pith to bark, both increasing more rapidly in unfertilised compared to fertilised trees. Mean density, earlywood density, and latewood percentage were significantly related to tree nitrogen status, as reflected by foliar analysis undertaken in the year rings were laid down, and to ring age. Other foliar nutrients tested (P, K, Ca, Mg, B, Mn, Zn, Cu) did not appear to influence wood density when analysed in the presence of N. Wood density was high at this trial site by New Zealand standards, even in fertilised stands, which can be explained at least partly by the low foliar N levels at Woodhill Forest. These exceeded 1.2% only in stands younger than 5 years old. Thereafter, foliar N decreased to ≈1.2% in fertilised stands receiving 100 kg N/ha of fertiliser annually for 10 years, and 0.8% in unfertilised controls. Foliar N levels on recent sands typically fall in the range of 0.9–1.2% at Woodhill Forest, compared to 1.2–>1.5% in most other soil types in NZ. Effective rainfall at Woodhill also tends to be lower than other forest growing areas in New Zealand. At Woodhill, low rainfall during autumn/winter/spring was associated with high latewood percentage and, hence, high ring mean density, while low summer rainfall had the opposite effects.

This paper reviews the past research, experimental techniques and scaling relationships used in the studies of oscillatory buoyant diffusion flames and reports an experimental investigation conducted to determine the pulsating characteristics of such flames. The experimental data were obtained by using three techniques, namely, pressure fluctuation measurements, thermal imaging and high-speed video photography. Present findings are compared with data sets reported in the literature and correlations for pulsation frequency suggested by previous studies are independently verified. Analysis of the experimental data on frequency of pulsations in different burners shows that for a fixed-diameter flame the pulsation frequency is almost independent of fuel flow rate. The equation f=1.68D-0.5 gives the best approximation for the relationship between pulsating frequency and diameter over a wide range of data. An alternative way of expressing the relationship between the key variables is St=0.52*(1/Fr)0.505. This proves to be a better way of expressing the relationship since it can include the effect of the fuel flow rate. Slight modifications to this expression allows prediction of flame oscillations under elevated/reduced gravity and isothermal buoyant plumes. This relationship and the observations of the present study confirm the hydrodynamic nature of flame puffing: interplay of buoyancy and fluid motion.