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Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) and is commonly seen in children. It has seasonal peaks in winter and spring, consistent with its infectious etiologies, and it rarely occurs as a reaction to vaccination. ADEM is less common in adults and progresses with a more severe clinical course. Cases diagnosed with ADEM by CNS demyelination after streptococcal meningitis have rarely been reported in adult patients. In this report, we present a rare case of a 31-year-old female diagnosed with ADEM following pneumococcal meningitis treatment and treated successfully with low-dose methylprednisolone.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of fixed capital investments on agricultural growth in Turkey. For this purpose, in the study, agricultural growth, agricultural private fixed capital, agricultural public fixed capital investments and agricultural employment variables were analysed with the help of VAR Analysis and Granger Causality Test using annual data between 1995-2018. According to the results of variance decomposition and impact response functions obtained from the VAR Model, variables were interacted and agricultural growth was affected by fixed capital investments and employment variables. Granger causality analysis is that there is a two-way causality between agricultural growth and employment and one-way causality from public fixed capital investments to agricultural growth.

Introduction: In this study, we aimed to determine the risk factors associated with inadequate empirical antibiotherapy (IEAT) and hospital-related mortality in elderly patients being treated for upper urinary tract infections (UTI). Materials and Methods: This study included individuals aged 65 years and over who were hospitalized after being diagnosed of communityacquired UTI or community-onset healthcare-associated UTI and followed-up in clinics and/or intensive care units (ICU) of 33 hospitals between March and September 2017. Results: A total of 525 patients (48% males; mean age: 76.46±7.93 years) were included in the study. Overall, 68.2% of the patients were hospitalized through the emergency department and 73.9% of patients were followed-up for pyelonephritis. Gram-negative, Gram-positive, and Gram-negative and positive mix growths were determined in 88%, 9.3%, and 2.7% of urine cultures, respectively. Fifty-six (10.7%) of the patients died. In multivariate analysis, the presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [Odds ratio (OR): 2.278], age 85 years and over (OR: 2.816), admission to the ICU (OR: 14.831), and IEAT (OR: 2.364) were independent factors that significantly affected mortality. The presence of a urinary catheter, being followed-up in the ICU, benign prostate hypertrophy, use of antibiotics other than piperacillin-tazobactam and carbapenem were determined as independent factors that significantly affected IEAT (p

Objectives: We described the clinical outcomes of the diabetic patients who had foot infections with multidrug resistant organisms. Methods: We included the patients with diabetic foot infections (DFI) from 19 centers, between May 2011 and December 2015. Infection was defined according to IDSA DFI guidelines. Patients with severe infection, complicated moderate infection were hospitalized. The patients were followed-up for 6 months after discharge. Results: In total, 791 patients with DFI were included, 531(67%) were male, median age was 62 (19–90). Severe infection was diagnosed in 85 (11%) patients. Osteomyelitis was diagnosed in 291(36.8%) patients. 536 microorganisms were isolated, the most common microorganisms were S. aureus (20%), P. aeruginosa (19%) and E. coli (12%). Methicillin resistance (MR) rate among Staphylococcus aureus isolates was 31%. Multidrug resistant bacteria were detected in 21% of P. aeruginosa isolates. ESBL (+) Gram negative bacteria (GNB) was detected in 38% of E. coli and Klebsiella isolates. Sixty three patients (8%) were re-hospitalized. Of the 791 patiens, 127 (16%) had major amputation, and 24 (3%) patients died. In multivariate analysis, significant predictors for fatality were; dialysis (OR: 8.3, CI: 1.82–38.15, p = 0.006), isolation of Klebsiella spp. (OR:7.7, CI: 1.24–47.96, p = 0.028), and chronic heart failure (OR: 3, CI: 1.01–9.04, p = 0.05). MR Staphylococcus was detected in 21% of the rehospitalized patients, as the most common microorganism (p

Introduction: Diphtheria is a serious disease that can be prevented by vaccination. The aim of the study was to determine immunity against diphtheria and the necessity of booster doses in the adult population.Materials and Methods: Serum antibody levels and immunity against diphtheria were determined in 568 healthy participants and results were assessed using chi-square test. Diphtheria antibody level was measured by micro-ELISA technique using NovaTec Corynebacterium diphtheriae toxin IgG ELISA kits (Dietzenbach, Germany). Antitoxin level

We aimed to determine pathogen microorganisms, their antimicrobial resistance patterns, and the effect of initial treatment on clinical outcomes in patients with diabetic foot infection (DFI). Patients with DFI from 5 centers were included in this multicenter observational prospective study between June 2018 and June 2019. Multivariate analysis was performed for the predictors of reinfection/death and major amputation. A total of 284 patients were recorded. Of whom, 193 (68%) were male and the median age was 59.9 ± 11.3 years. One hundred nineteen (41.9%) patients had amputations, as the minor (n = 83, 29.2%) or major (n = 36, 12.7%). The mortality rate was 1.7% with 4 deaths. A total of 247 microorganisms were isolated from 200 patients. The most common microorganisms were Staphylococcus aureus (n = 36, 14.6%) and Escherichia coli (n = 32, 13.0%). Methicillin resistance rates were 19.4% and 69.6% in S aureus and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp., respectively. Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa was detected in 4 of 22 (18.2%) isolates. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacteria were detected in 20 (38.5%) isolates of E coli (14 of 32) and Klebsiella spp. (6 of 20). When the initial treatment was inappropriate, Klebsiella spp. related reinfection within 1 to 3 months was observed more frequently. Polymicrobial infection (p =.043) and vancomycin treatment (p =.007) were independent predictors of reinfection/death. Multivariate analysis revealed vascular insufficiency (p =.004), hospital readmission (p =.009), C-reactive protein > 130 mg/dL (p =.007), and receiving carbapenems (p =.005) as independent predictors of major amputation. Our results justify the importance of using appropriate narrow-spectrum empirical antimicrobials because higher rates of reinfection and major amputation were found even in the use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant public health problem that remains important worldwide. This study aimed to examine the demographic characteristics and clinical features of patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) and also identify the comorbidities of EPTB. Our secondary aim was to compare tuberculous lymphadenitis (TBL) with other forms of EPTB. Patients and Methods: This single-center, retrospective, observational study was conducted on patients diagnosed with EPTB in a training hospital in Turkey between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2020. The demographic characteristics and clinical features of the patients were examined. TBL cases were compared with other forms of EPTB cases. Results: The most common clinical form was TBL. Fever, night sweats, and accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rate were significantly more common in the other forms of the EPTB group compared to TBL. The rate of tuberculin skin test positivity was significantly higher in patients with TBL. The complication rate was 3%, and mortality rate was 4% among all patients. Conclusions: Extrapulmonary tuberculosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis by evaluating the medical history of patients who present with organ-specific symptoms, especially in TB endemic countries. The clinic may differ according to the organ involvement. TBL may be seen with milder symptoms compared to other clinical forms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of ANKEM Antibiyotik & Kemoterapi Dergisi is the property of ANKEM Antibiyotik & Kemoterapi Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Yuzuncu Yil Universitesi Journal of Agricultural Sciences (YYU J Agr Sci) is the property of Yuzuncu Yil University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Anthrax, primarily disease of grass-eating animals, is a zoonosis transmitted to humans from infected animals. Although the infection has been controlled in developed societies; it is still common in developing agricultural societies and occasionally causes zooepidemics. A total of 1.744 human anthrax cases of which 10 of them resulted in death, were reported to Ministry of Health in our country between 2007 and 2019. All the reported cases had agricultural origin. Considering the data of human anthrax in our country, it is observed that the number of reported cases has decreased over the years and yearly reported human anthrax cases has fallen below 100 in recent years. The cases have been reported most frequently between July and November. The cases were most frequently reported from Kars, Sivas, Ankara, Muş, Erzurum and Hakkari. Regarding the seasonal distribution of animal anthrax, it is observed that 544 out of 1.333 cases were recorded between 2007 and 2019 were encountered in the summer season, followed by 412 autumn, 196 winter and 181 spring. This situation can be considered as a reflection of the increase of animal movements in parallel with the increased transhumance activity and the presence of more sensitive animals with pasture in our country in summer. In addition, the reason of soil origin anthrax is more seen in summer and autumn can be considered as a reflection of constitution of grassland fields following the agricultural harvest which led more active intake of active sports from these areas in these seasons. It is seen that the number of animal anthrax cases/the number of human anthrax cases is 8.320/1.744): 4.8 when the current data were evaluated. Most of the animal anthrax cases were cattle anthrax, followed by sheep, goats and equids, respectively in our country. As a result, the fact that the number of human cases in our country is less than the number of animal cases indicates that there is an effective fight against anthrax disease. When an anthrax case develops, it is likely that there will be about 8-10 human cases versus an animal case where adequate protection and control measures are not taken. Especially since 2016, human/animal case rates have decreased to 0.04. Although there has been a decrease in the number of human cases over the years, there has been a significant increase in animal cases in the last three years. This situation shows that anthrax is still an important disease in our country and it continues its existence, threatens human and animal health, and continuity and sustainable methods of struggle should be maintained in effective methods of struggle. Data obtained through a good surveillance, should be analyzed, compared, and shared timely between the authorities. Infection foci can be controlled by timely response through routine information sharing and acting veterinary and health organizations together. It is important for all stakeholders to develop and implement joint and multi-faceted fighting programs in the struggle against anthrax. It is thought that decrease in human and animal anthrax cases can be achived by continuing scientific studies on this subject and increasing public awareness. This report is prepared by Anthrax Commission of Turkey Zoonotic Diseases National Committee. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mediterranean Journal of Infection, Microbes & Antimicrobials is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Eurasian Journal of Medicine is the property of Ataturk University, School of Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, it was aimed to analyze the demographic and attitudinal factors which are important in predicting the willingness to purchase local foods for consumers residing in Erzurum Province. For this purpose, estimator ordered probit model was developed using data obtained from questionnaires conducted with 288 consumers. The analysis results showed that between willingness to purchase locally foods and frequency of going to the producer market for more than ten times a year on the part of the consumers have significant and positive relationship. It was also found that quality, price and freshness expectations play an important role in these products purchase decisions. Consequently, it is believed that local food products can be realized by branding the expectations identified in the willingness to purchase. Therefore, extending information on branding activities about local products production and marketing to producers will be important on willingness to purchase traditional produced local foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/aim: Broad-spectrum antibiotics have become available for use only with the approval of infectious disease specialists (IDSs) since 2003 in Turkey. This study aimed to analyze the tendencies of doctors who are not disease specialists (non-IDSs) towards the restriction of antibiotics. Materials and methods: A questionnaire form was prepared, which included a total of 22 questions about the impact of antibiotic restriction (AR) policy, the role of IDSs in the restriction, and the perception of this change in antibiotic consumption. The questionnaire was completed by each participating physician. Results: A total of 1906 specialists from 20 cities in Turkey participated in the study. Of those who participated, 1271 (67.5%) had ≤l5 years of occupational experience (junior specialists = JSs) and 942 (49.4%) of them were physicians. Specialists having >5 years of occupational experience in their branch expressed that they followed the antibiotic guidelines more strictly than the JSs (P < 0.05) and 755 of physicians (88%) and 720 of surgeons (84.6%) thought that the AR policy was necessary and useful (P < 0.05). Conclusion: This study indicated that the AR policy was supported by most of the specialists. Physicians supported this restriction policy more so than surgeons did. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to determine the factors that affect the production activities and marketing decisions of the sheep farming enterprises operating in the central villages of Ağrı Province. For this purpose, the questionnaire items were designed using a 5 point Likert-type scale and the questionnaire was administered to 169 farmers. Arithmetic means, frequencies and percentage distributions were used for the sociodemographic data to assess the data obtained from the questionnaires. The survey determined that 50.3% of the enterprises have 20-100 sheep, and 30.8% have 101-200 sheep. Factor analysis was used for the determination of factors that affect the selection of marketing channels. The correlation between 12 variables was divided into four factors using factor analysis. These factors were defined as farmer knowledge and flock size, trust in intermediaries and price, sales and relations, and preferences of other farmersphysical conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]