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Jung-Yeon Choi,1 Sun-wook Kim,1 Sol-Ji Yoon,2 Min-gu Kang,1 Kwang-il Kim,1 Cheol-Ho Kim1 1Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 463-707, Republic of Korea; 2Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital Gangwon-Do 200-722, Republic of Korea Purpose: Pneumonia poses a significant health risk in aging societies. We aimed to elucidate the determinative value of frailty for do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders in pneumonia patients. Patients and methods: This was a retrospective cohort study conducted at the Seoul National University Bundang Hospital (SNUBH) in Korea. Medical records of 431 pneumonia patients, aged 65 years and older, who were admitted between June 2014 and May 2015 were analyzed. Patients were categorized into DNR and no-DNR groups. Results: Among the 65 patients (15.1% of pneumonia patients) who completed DNR documents, 24 patients were survived, and 21 patients decided imminent to death (

OBJECTIVE: To assess any association between cigarette smoking and heavy drinking and suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among boys and girls in a nationally representative sample of Korean adolescents. METHOD: The analysis was performed using data from the 2006 Korea Youth Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance study, which included a representative sample of middle and high school students in Korea. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine whether smoking and drinking were associated with suicidal behavior among boys and girls, controlling for demographic characteristics, perceived stress, perceived sadness/hopelessness, and chronic disease. RESULTS: Of the 70,486 study subjects, 23.3% (19.1% of boys and 27.9% of girls) reported suicidal ideation and 5.3% (4.6% of boys and 6.1% of girls) reported having attempted suicide during the previous 12 months. Cigarette smoking and heavy drinking were found to be significantly associated with suicidal ideation and suicidal attempts among boys and girls. CONCLUSION: Smoking and heavy drinking among adolescents are important factors related to suicidal ideation and attempting suicide in boys and girls. Further research is needed to clarify any causal connection between cigarette smoking and heavy drinking and suicidal ideation and suicide attempts.Copyright © 2009 by Elsevier Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]