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Priming is a simple operation that partially hydrates seed in a controlled environment, followed by seed drying, allowing germination processes to commence without the development of radicles. In this study, the germination of shelled and kernel seeds of the Kara and Tombul cultivars was examined in relation to the effects of hormonal and hydro-priming treatments. According to the results, the control group produced the best shelled seed of the Kara cultivar in terms of germination rate, root length, root fresh and dry weight, plant fresh and dry weight, and number of leaves. The seeds of the Kara cultivar kernel, 60 minutes of Perlan + 2 days of soaking in water in the control group (56.0 pcs), and the kernel seeds of the Kara cultivar, respectively, and the seeds with shelled of the best Tombul cultivar (53.6 pcs), produced the best results when the root diameters were measured. The application of 30 minutes of Perlan + 2 days of soaking in water to the seeds kernel of the Kara cultivar produced the best results in terms of leaf area, and the control group produced the best results for the chlorophyll value in the seeds kernel of the Tombul and Kara cultivars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was carried out in the application area of Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University Agricultural Research and Application Center in order to determine the adaptation abilities of Heritage, Tulameen, Canby raspberry varieties in Bilecik conditions between 2020-2021. In terms of average fruit weights, there was no statistical difference between the varieties in the two years of the experiment. When the average fruit weight and fruit width were examined in both years, the best result was obtained from the Heritage variety. The highest fruit length was found in Tulameen (19.30 mm) in 2020, and in Heritage (19.62 mm) in 2021. In 2021, the highest amount of watersoluble dry matter was determined in Heritage (11.35%), pH Tulameen (3.77), and titratable acid content in Canby (4.03%). When the results obtained in the two years of the experiment were evaluated, it was determined that the Heritage variety was at the forefront. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review provides a summary of the most recent advancements in bioreactor systems, which have become more popular over the past few decades due to the outstanding qualities they offer for the creation of plant tissue and organ cultures in the laboratory as well as on a large scale. It provides a comprehensive discussion on the application of bioreactor systems in fruit cultivation as well as current research. This review presents a solution for researchers who are interested in the cultivation of diverse fruit species, as well as describes the methods that are used in the bioreactor system to propagate various fruit species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lavender is a valuable ornamental and aromatic plant species with several applications, including food additives, cosmetics, perfumes, medicine, and aromatherapy, owing to its antimicrobial, antibacterial, antiviral, and antioxidant properties, as well as its pleasant odor. The purpose of this study was to determine the rooting capability of lavender species (Lavandula angustifolia and Lavandula × intermedia) in different media (peat, perlite, peat+perlite) and different doses of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) (1000, 1500, and 2000 ppm) on cuttings. After 5 seconds in the (IBA) solution, the cuttings were planted in various rooting media in the greenhouse environment. The highest rooting rate, 93%, was obtained from 2000 ppm IBA application in peat+perlite (1:1) medium, whereas the lowest rooting rate, 13%, was obtained from Lavandula angustifolia species from control application in peat media. In a peat+perlite (1:1) medium with 1500 ppm, the longest root length was 13.16 cm. IBA application Lavandula angustifolia species, the lowest root length in Lavandula × intermedia cuttings were 2.7 cm from control application in perlite medium. Lavandula × intermedia cuttings in peat medium produced the best results in terms of root number (3.36 pcs/cuttings), while Lavandula × intermedia cuttings in perlite medium produced the lowest root number in the control application. In terms of viability rate, both species received high values, with the lowest viability rate obtained from the control application in perlite medium with 80% in Lavandula angustifolia species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]