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Background/Aim: Apalutamide induces severe skin adverse events (sAEs) in 14.7% of Japanese patients, leading to treatment discontinuation. To maximize the management of sAEs in patients taking apalutamide for prostate cancer, we conducted pharmacist outpatient clinics for patients receiving apalutamide in the outpatient setting. During these sessions, patients were informed about skin care management, including the application of moisturizers to prevent sAEs. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of pharmacist-led outpatient services in managing sAEs. Patients and Methods: Patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer without distant metastases or prostate cancer with distant metastases, receiving 240 mg apalutamide once daily, were divided into pharmacist intervention and nonintervention groups and retrospectively investigated. The primary endpoint was the incidence of all sAEs. Results: The incidence of sAEs of any grade was significantly lower in the intervention group (n=26) than in the nonintervention group (n=16) (30.8% vs. 68.8%, respectively, p=0.03), without a significant difference in the incidence of grade 3 or more sAEs (3.8% vs. 25.0%, respectively, p=0.05). At the pharmacist outpatient clinics, pharmacists gave 84 recommendations to urologists, with 98.8% of them reflected in prescriptions. The most frequently prescribed moisturizers were heparinoid oil-based creams, with a significantly higher prescription rate in the intervention compared to the nonintervention group (30.0 g/28 days vs. 0 g/28 days, p<0.01). Conclusion: As far as we are aware, our study is the first to show that intervention by pharmacist outpatient clinics reduces apalutamide-induced sAEs. Pharmacist outpatient clinics can assist in the appropriate skin management of patients taking apalutamide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aim: Alectinib is recommended for anaplastic lymphoma kinase fusion gene-positive non-small cell lung cancer. We have experienced early alectinib discontinuation due to disease progression and adverse effects in real world. Because alectinib has a high proteinbinding rate of >99%, low serum albumin may increase the concentration of free drug and affect efficacy and adverse events. However, no association between serum albumin and the clinical impact of alectinib has been reported. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of serum albumin on time-to-treatment failure (TTF) in alectinib. Patients and Methods: Fifty-six patients who were admitted to four hospitals (National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Cancer Center, Sapporo Minami-Sanjo Hospital, KKR Sapporo Medical Center, Otaru General Hospital) between October 2014 and September 2020 were retrospectively evaluated to identify those treated with alectinib. Results: The multivariate analysis showed that the risk of discontinuation was significantly higher with serum albumin <3.6 g/dl compared to ≥3.6 g/dl at the start of alectinib administration (hazard ratio=3.00; 95% confidence interval=1.36-6.66; p<0.01). On Kaplan-Meier curves, TTF for serum albumin <3.6 was significantly shorter than that for ≥3.6. (median TTF: 12.1 months vs. not reach, p<0.01). Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report that serum albumin <3.6 g/dl at alectinib induction is associated with poor TTF. Low serum albumin is a poor prognostic factor in cancer patients. Thus, serum albumin levels must be measured before treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The gate-opening adsorption behavior of the one-dimensional chain compound [Ru2(4-Cl-2-OMePh-CO2)4(phz)] (1; 4-Cl-2-OMePhCO2− = 4-chloro-o-anisate; phz = phenazine) for various gases (O2 NO, and CO2) was electronically monitored in situ by applying ac electric fields to pelletized samples attached to a cryostat, which was used to accurately control the temperature and gas pressure. The gate-opening and -closing transitions induced by gas adsorption/ desorption, respectively, were accurately monitored by a sudden change in the real part of permittivity (ε). The transition temperature (TGO) was also found to be dependent on the applied temperature and gas pressure according to the Clausius—Clapeyron equation. This behavior was also observed in the isostructural compound [Rh2(4-Cl-2-OMePhCO2)4(phz)] (2), which exhibited similar gate-opening adsorption properties, but was not detected in the nonporous gate-inactive compound [Ru2(o-OMePhCO2)4(phz)] (3). Furthermore, the imaginary part of permittivity (ε") effectively captured the electronic perturbations of the samples induced by the introduced guest molecules. Only the introduction of NO resulted in the increase of the sample’s electronic conductivity for 1 and 3, but not for 2. This behavior indicates that electronic host—guest interactions were present, albeit very weak, at the surface of sample 1 and 3, i.e., through grain boundaries of the sample, which resulted in perturbation of the conduction band of this material s framework. This technique involving the in situ application of ac electric fields is useful not only for rapidly monitoring gas sorption responses accompanied by gate-opening/-closing structural transitions but also potentially for the development of molecular framework materials as chemically driven electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design of porous materials that undergo selective adsorption of a specific molecule is a critical issue in research on porous coordination polymers or metal-organic frameworks. For the purpose of the selective capture of molecules possessing an electron-acceptor character such as nitric oxide (NO), one-dimensional chain compounds possessing a high donor character have been synthesized using 4-chloroanisate-bridged paddlewheel-type dimetal(ll, II) complexes with M = Ru and Rh and phenazine (phz) as the chain linker: [M2(4-Cl-2-OMePhCO2)4(phz)]-n(CH2Cl2) (M = Ru, 1; Rh, 2). These compounds are isostructural and are composed of chains with a [-{M2}-phz-] repeating unit and CH2Cl2 occupying the void space between the chains. Compounds 1 and 2 change to a new phase (1-dry and 2-dry) upon evacuating the crystallization solvent (CH2Cl2) and almost lose their pores in the drying process: no void space in 1-dry and 31.8 Å3, corresponding to 2.9% of the cell volume, in 2-dry. Nevertheless, the compounds show a unique gas accommodation ability. Accompanied by a structural transformation (i.e., the first gate-opening) at low pressures of <10 kPa, both compounds show a typical physisorption isotherm for O2 (90 K) and CO2 (195 K), with the adsorption amount of ca. 2-4 gas molecules per [M2] unit. In addition, the adsorption isotherm for NO (121 K) involves the first gate-opening followed by a second gate-opening anomaly at NO pressures of ≈52 kPa for 1-dry and ≈21 kPa for 2-dry. At the first gate-opening, the absorbed amount of NO is ca. 4 molecules per [M2] unit, and then it reaches 8.4 and 6.3 for 1-dry and 2-dry, respectively, at 95 kPa. Only the isotherm for NO exhibits hysteresis in the desorption process, and some of the NO molecules are trapped in pores even after evacuating at 121 K, although it recovers to the original dried sample on heating to room temperature. The adsorbed NO molecules accrue a significant electron donation from the host framework even in the [Rh2] derivative, indicating that such simple porous compounds with electron-donor characteristics are useful for the selective adsorption of NO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrical magnetism control is realized in a Li-ion battery system through a redox reaction involving ion migrations; “magneto-ionic control”. A quasi-layered metal–organic framework compound with a cross-linked π-conjugated/unconjugated one-dimensional chain motifs composed of electron-donor/acceptor units is developed as the cathode material. A change in magnetic phase from paramagnetic to ferrimagnetic is demonstrated by means of electron-filling control for the acceptor units via insertion of Li+-ions into pores in the material. The transition temperature is as high as that expected for highly π-conjugated layered systems, indicating an extension of π-conjugated exchange paths by rearranging coordination bonds in the first discharge process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]