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Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a common birth defect associated with high mortality and morbidity and many evidence show that genetic factors play an important role in the development of CDH. These key findings that form the basis for future research are examined.

Linked Comment: E. Epstein. Br J Dermatol 2022; 186:203. Plain language summary available online [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The worldwide prevalence of HIV is 0.8%, the annual incidence and death rate is respectively 2.7 million and 2.0 million people. HIV infection is associated with stigmatization and discrimination, independent of race en socio-economic status. This case describes a girl whose parents did not inform the doctors on admission that their daughter was HIV positive. We describe the medical-ethical dilemma of concealing a positive HIV status and the cultural differences which play a role in this decision. In many countries HIV infection is associated with stigma and discrimination of the HIV infected, which has many consequences. It can lead to discrimination and violation of human rights, especially rights related to access to health care and appropriate medical treatment. This can be a reason to conceal a severe illness, like a positive HIV status, to family and health care personnel. According to the 'Wet op de geneeskundige behandelingsovereenkomst' (WGBO) the doctor as well as the patient has the duty to inform one another of a patient's health status. Concealing a positive HIV status can have multiple detrimental consequences and therefore it is important for the patient as well as the health care personnel that the latter are duly informed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]