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5. Is the concept of “peanut-free schools” useful in the routine management of peanut-allergic children at risk of anaphylaxis?: Position paper of the Food Allergy Working Group of the German Society for Allergology and Clinical Immunology (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Allergologie und klinische Immunologie, DGAKI)

Author

Reese, Imke, Ahrens, Birgit, Ballmer-Weber, Barbara, Beyer, Kirsten, Blümchen, Katharina, Doelle-Birke, Sabine, Heratizadeh, Annice, Kleine-Tebbe, Jörg, Lange, Lars, Lau, Susanne, Lepp, Ute, Mahler, Vera, Schäfer, Christiane, Schnadt, Sabine, Szepfalusi, Zsolt, Wassmann-Otto, Anja, Werfel, Thomas, and Worm, Margitta

Published
2020
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7. WHO/IUIS Allergen Nomenclature: Providing a common language

Author

Pomés, Anna, Davies, Janet M., Gadermaier, Gabriele, Hilger, Christiane, Holzhauser, Thomas, Lidholm, Jonas, Lopata, Andreas L., Mueller, Geoffrey A., Nandy, Andreas, Radauer, Christian, Chan, Sanny K., Jappe, Uta, Kleine-Tebbe, Jörg, Thomas, Wayne R., Chapman, Martin D., van Hage, Marianne, van Ree, Ronald, Vieths, Stefan, Raulf, Monika, and Goodman, Richard E.

Published
2018
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10. Medical diagnostics for indoor mold exposure

Author

Hurraß, Julia, Heinzow, Birger, Aurbach, Ute, Bergmann, Karl-Christian, Bufe, Albrecht, Buzina, Walter, Cornely, Oliver A., Engelhart, Steffen, Fischer, Guido, Gabrio, Thomas, Heinz, Werner, Herr, Caroline E.W., Kleine-Tebbe, Jörg, Klimek, Ludger, Köberle, Martin, Lichtnecker, Herbert, Lob-Corzilius, Thomas, Merget, Rolf, Mülleneisen, Norbert, Nowak, Dennis, Rabe, Uta, Raulf, Monika, Seidl, Hans Peter, Steiß, Jens-Oliver, Szewszyk, Regine, Thomas, Peter, Valtanen, Kerttu, and Wiesmüller, Gerhard A.

Published
2017
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15. International Consensus on Allergen Immunotherapy II: Mechanisms, standardization, and pharmacoeconomics

Author

Jutel, Marek, Agache, Ioana, Bonini, Sergio, Burks, A. Wesley, Calderon, Moises, Canonica, Walter, Cox, Linda, Demoly, Pascal, Frew, Antony J., O'Hehir, Robyn, Kleine-Tebbe, Jörg, Muraro, Antonella, Lack, Gideon, Larenas, Désirée, Levin, Michael, Martin, Bryan L., Nelson, Harald, Pawankar, Ruby, Pfaar, Oliver, van Ree, Ronald, Sampson, Hugh, Sublett, James L., Sugita, Kazunari, Du Toit, George, Werfel, Thomas, Gerth van Wijk, Roy, Zhang, Luo, Akdis, Mübeccel, and Akdis, Cezmi A.

Published
2016
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20. International consensus on allergy immunotherapy

Author

Jutel, Marek, Agache, Ioana, Bonini, Sergio, Burks, A. Wesley, Calderon, Moises, Canonica, Walter, Cox, Linda, Demoly, Pascal, Frew, Antony J., O'Hehir, Robin, Kleine-Tebbe, Jörg, Muraro, Antonella, Lack, Gideon, Larenas, Désirée, Levin, Michael, Nelson, Harald, Pawankar, Ruby, Pfaar, Oliver, van Ree, Ronald, Sampson, Hugh, Santos, Alexandra F., Du Toit, George, Werfel, Thomas, Gerth van Wijk, Roy, Zhang, Luo, and Akdis, Cezmi A.

Published
2015
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23. Abridged version of the AWMF guideline for the medical clinical diagnostics of indoor mould exposure: S2K Guideline of the German Society of Hygiene, Environmental Medicine and Preventive Medicine (GHUP) in collaboration with the German Association of Allergists (AeDA), the German Society of Dermatology (DDG), the German Society for Allergology and Clinical Immunology (DGAKI), the German Society for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (DGAUM), the German Society for Hospital Hygiene (DGKH), the German Society for Pneumology and Respiratory Medicine (DGP), the German Mycological Society (DMykG), the Society for Pediatric Allergology and Environmental Medicine (GPA), the German Federal Association of Pediatric Pneumology (BAPP), and the Austrian Society for Medical Mycology (ÖGMM)

Author

Wiesmüller, Gerhard A., Heinzow, Birger, Aurbach, Ute, Bergmann, Karl-Christian, Bufe, Albrecht, Buzina, Walter, Cornely, Oliver A., Engelhart, Steffen, Fischer, Guido, Gabrio, Thomas, Heinz, Werner, Herr, Caroline E. W., Kleine-Tebbe, Jörg, Klimek, Ludger, Köberle, Martin, Lichtnecker, Herbert, Lob-Corzilius, Thomas, Merget, Rolf, Mülleneisen, Norbert, Nowak, Dennis, Rabe, Uta, Raulf, Monika, Seidl, Hans Peter, Steiß, Jens-Oliver, Szewszyk, Regine, Thomas, Peter, Valtanen, Kerttu, and Hurraß, Julia

Published
2017
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24. German guideline for the management of adverse reactions to ingested histamine: Guideline of the German Society for Allergology and Clinical Immunology (DGAKI), the German Society for Pediatric Allergology and Environmental Medicine (GPA), the German Association of Allergologists (AeDA), and the Swiss Society for Allergology and Immunology (SGAI)

Author

Reese, Imke, Ballmer-Weber, Barbara, Beyer, Kirsten, Fuchs, Thomas, Kleine-Tebbe, Jörg, Klimek, Ludger, Lepp, Ute, Niggemann, Bodo, Saloga, Joachim, Schäfer, Christiane, Werfel, Thomas, Zuberbier, Torsten, and Worm, Margitta

Published
2017
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26. EAACI guidelines on allergen immunotherapy: Prevention of allergy

Author

Halken, Susanne, Larenas‐Linnemann, Desiree, Roberts, Graham, Calderón, Moises A., Angier, Elisabeth, Pfaar, Oliver, Ryan, Dermot, Agache, Ioana, Ansotegui, Ignacio J., Arasi, Stefania, Du Toit, George, Fernandez‐Rivas, Montserrat, Geerth van Wijk, Roy, Jutel, Marek, Kleine‐Tebbe, Jörg, Lau, Susanne, Matricardi, Paolo M., Pajno, Giovanni B., Papadopoulos, Nikolaos G., Penagos, Martin, Santos, Alexandra F., Sturm, Gunter J., Timmermans, Frans, van Ree, R., Varga, Eva‐Maria, Wahn, Ulrich, Kristiansen, Maria, Dhami, Sangeeta, Sheikh, Aziz, and Muraro, Antonella

Published
2017
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28. Guidelines on the management of IgE-mediated food allergies: S2k-Guidelines of the German Society for Allergology and Clinical Immunology (DGAKI) in collaboration with the German Medical Association of Allergologists (AeDA), the German Professional Association of Pediatricians (BVKJ), the German Allergy and Asthma Association (DAAB), German Dermatological Society (DDG), the German Society for Nutrition (DGE), the German Society for Gastroenterology, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases (DGVS), the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, the German Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine (DGKJ), the German Society for Pediatric Allergology and Environmental Medicine (GPA), the German Society for Pneumology (DGP), the German Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition (GPGE), German Contact Allergy Group (DKG), the Austrian Society for Allergology and Immunology (Æ-GAI), German Professional Association of Nutritional Sciences (VDOE) and the Association of the Scientific Medical Societies Germany (AWMF)

Author

Worm, Margitta, Reese, Imke, Ballmer-Weber, Barbara, Beyer, Kirsten, Bischoff, Stephan C., Classen, Martin, Fischer, Peter J., Fuchs, Thomas, Huttegger, Isidor, Jappe, Uta, Klimek, Ludger, Koletzko, Berthold, Lange, Lars, Lepp, Ute, Mahler, Vera, Niggemann, Bodo, Rabe, Ute, Raithel, Martin, Saloga, Joachim, Schäfer, Christiane, Schnadt, Sabine, Schreiber, Jens, Szépfalusi, Zsolt, Treudler, Regina, Wagenmann, Martin, Watzl, Bernhard, Werfel, Thomas, Zuberbier, Torsten, and Kleine-Tebbe, Jörg

Published
2015
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30. Efficacy and safety of omalizumab in patients with chronic urticaria who exhibit IgE against thyroperoxidase

Author

Maurer, Marcus, Altrichter, Sabine, Bieber, Thomas, Biedermann, Tilo, Bräutigam, Matthias, Seyfried, Stefan, Brehler, Randolf, Grabbe, Jürgen, Hunzelmann, Nicolas, Jakob, Thilo, Jung, Andreas, Kleine-Tebbe, Jörg, Mempel, Martin, Meurer, Michael, Reich, Kristian, Ruëff, Franziska, Schäkel, Knut, Sengupta, Kaushik, Sieder, Christian, Simon, Jan C., Wedi, Bettina, Zuberbier, Torsten, Mahler, Vera, and Staubach, Petra

Published
2011
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32. Guideline on allergen-specific immunotherapy in IgE-mediated allergic diseases: S2k Guideline of the German Society for Allergology and Clinical Immunology (DGAKI), the Society for Pediatric Allergy and Environmental Medicine (GPA), the Medical Association of German Allergologists (AeDA), the Austrian Society for Allergy and Immunology (ÖGAI), the Swiss Society for Allergy and Immunology (SGAI), the German Society of Dermatology (DDG), the German Society of Oto- Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (DGHNO-KHC), the German Society of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (DGKJ), the Society for Pediatric Pneumology (GPP), the German Respiratory Society (DGP), the German Association of ENT Surgeons (BV-HNO), the Professional Federation of Paediatricians and Youth Doctors (BVKJ), the Federal Association of Pulmonologists (BDP) and the German Dermatologists Association (BVDD)

Author

Pfaar, Oliver, Bachert, Claus, Bufe, Albrecht, Buhl, Roland, Ebner, Christof, Eng, Peter, Friedrichs, Frank, Fuchs, Thomas, Hamelmann, Eckard, Hartwig-Bade, Doris, Hering, Thomas, Huttegger, Isidor, Jung, Kirsten, Klimek, Ludger, Kopp, Matthias Volkmar, Merk, Hans, Rabe, Uta, Saloga, Joachim, Schmid-Grendelmeier, Peter, Schuster, Antje, Schwerk, Nicolaus, Sitter, Helmut, Umpfenbach, Ulrich, Wedi, Bettina, Wöhrl, Stefan, Worm, Margitta, and Kleine-Tebbe, Jörg

Published
2014
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34. Allergen immunotherapy for the prevention of allergic disease: protocol for a systematic review

Author

Dhami, Sangeeta, Nurmatov, Ulugbek, Halken, Susanne, Calderón, Moises A., Muraro, Antonella, Roberts, Graham, Toit, George Du, Kleine-Tebbe, Jörg, Larenas-Linnemann, Desiree, Lau, Susanne, Matricardi, Paolo Maria, Pajno, Giovanni, Papadopoulos, Nikolaos G., Pfaar, Oliver, Ryan, Dermot, Santos, Alexandra F., Timmermanns, Frans, Wahn, Ulrich, and Sheikh, Aziz

Published
2016
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42. One hundred and ten years of Allergen Immunotherapy: A journey from empiric observation to evidence.

Author

Pfaar, Oliver, Bousquet, Jean, Durham, Stephen R., Kleine‐Tebbe, Jörg, Larché, Mark, Roberts, Graham, Shamji, Mohamed H., and Gerth van Wijk, Roy

Subjects
CORONAVIRUS diseases, ALLERGENS, COVID-19, IMMUNOTHERAPY, ALLERGIES, ALLERGENIC extracts
Abstract

One hundred and ten years after Noon's first clinical report of the subcutaneous application of allergen extracts, allergen immunotherapy (AIT) has evolved as the most important pillar of the treatment of allergic patients. It is the only disease‐modifying treatment option available and the evidence for its clinical efficacy and safety is broad and undisputed. Throughout recent decades, more insights into the underlying mechanisms, in particular the modulation of innate and adaptive immune responses, have been described. AIT is acknowledged by worldwide regulatory authorities, and following the regulatory guidelines for product development, AIT products are subject to a rigorous evaluation before obtaining market authorization. Knowledge and practice are anchored in international guidelines, such as the recently published series of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI). Innovative approaches continue to be further developed with the focus on clinical improvement by, for example, the usage of adjuvants, peptides, recombinants, modification of allergens, new routes of administration, and the concomitant use of biologicals. In addition, real‐life data provide complementary and valuable information on the effectiveness and tolerability of this treatment option in the clinical routine. New mobile health technologies and big‐data approaches will improve daily treatment convenience, adherence, and efficacy of AIT. However, the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has also had some implications for the feasibility and practicability of AIT. Taken together, AIT as the only disease‐modifying therapy in allergic diseases has been broadly investigated over the past 110 years laying the path for innovations and further improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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43. Skin testing with food allergens: Guideline of the German Society of Allergology and Clinical Immunology (DGAKI), the Physiciansʼ Association of German Allergologists (ÄDA) and the Society of Pediatric Allergology (GPA) together with the Swiss Society of Allergology

Author

Henzgen, Margot, Ballmer-Weber, Barbara K., Erdmann, Stephan, Fuchs, Thomas, Kleine-Tebbe, Jörg, Lepp, Ute, Niggemann, Bodo, Raithel, Martin, Reese, Imke, Saloga, Joachim, Vieths, Stefan, Zuberbier, Torsten, and Werfel, Thomas

Published
2008

44. Hauttestungen mit Nahrungsmittelallergenen

Author

Henzgen, Margot, Ballmer-Weber, Barbara K., Erdmann, Stephan, Fuchs, Thomas, Kleine-Tebbe, Jörg, Lepp, Ute, Niggemann, Bodo, Raithel, Martin, Reese, Imke, Saloga, Joachim, Vieths, Stefan, Zuberbier, Torsten, and Werfel, Thomas

Published
2008

45. In-vitro-Allergiediagnostik

Author

Renz, Harald, Becker, Wolf-Meinhard, Bufe, Albrecht, Kleine-Tebbe, Jörg, Heimsoth, Monika Raulf-, Saloga, Joachim, Werfel, Thomas, and Worm, Margitta

Published
2006

46. Molecular allergology and its impact in specific allergy diagnosis and therapy.

Author

Barber, Domingo, Diaz‐Perales, Araceli, Escribese, Maria M., Kleine‐Tebbe, Jörg, Matricardi, Paolo M., Ollert, Markus, Santos, Alexandra F., and Sastre, Joaquin

Subjects
DIAGNOSIS, ALLERGIES, IMMUNOTHERAPY, MOLECULAR diagnosis, ALLERGENS
Abstract

Progressive knowledge of allergenic structures resulted in a broad availability of allergenic molecules for diagnosis. Component‐resolved diagnosis allowed a better understanding of patient sensitization patterns, facilitating allergen immunotherapy decisions. In parallel to the discovery of allergenic molecules, there was a progressive development of a regulation framework that affected both in vitro diagnostics and Allergen Immunotherapy products. With a progressive understanding of underlying mechanisms associated to Allergen immunotherapy and an increasing experience of application of molecular diagnosis in daily life, we focus in analyzing the evidences of the value provided by molecular allergology in daily clinical practice, with a focus on Allergen Immunotherapy decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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47. Research needs in allergy: an EAACI position paper, in collaboration with EFA

Author

Papadopoulos Nikolaos G, Agache Ioana, Bavbek Sevim, Bilo Beatrice M, Braido Fulvio, Cardona Victoria, Custovic Adnan, deMonchy Jan, Demoly Pascal, Eigenmann Philippe, Gayraud Jacques, Grattan Clive, Heffler Enrico, Hellings Peter W, Jutel Marek, Knol Edward, Lötvall Jan, Muraro Antonella, Poulsen Lars K, Roberts Graham, Schmid-Grendelmeier Peter, Skevaki Chrysanthi, Triggiani Massimo, vanRee Ronald, Werfel Thomas, Flood Breda, Palkonen Susanna, Savli Roberta, Allegri Pia, Annesi-Maesano Isabella, Annunziato Francesco, Antolin-Amerigo Dario, Apfelbacher Christian, Blanca Miguel, Bogacka Ewa, Bonadonna Patrizia, Bonini Matteo, Boyman Onur, Brockow Knut, Burney Peter, Buters Jeroen, Butiene Indre, Calderon Moises, Cardell Lars, Caubet Jean-Christoph, Celenk Sevcan, Cichocka-Jarosz Ewa, Cingi Cemal, Couto Mariana, deJong Nicolette, Del Giacco Stefano, Douladiris Nikolaos, Fassio Filippo, Fauquert Jean-Luc, Fernandez Javier, Rivas Montserrat, Ferrer Marta, Flohr Carsten, Gardner James, Genuneit Jon, Gevaert Philippe, Groblewska Anna, Hamelmann Eckard, Hoffmann Hans, Hoffmann-Sommergruber Karin, Hovhannisyan Lilit, Hox Valérie, Jahnsen Frode L, Kalayci Ömer, Kalpaklioglu Ayse, Kleine-Tebbe Jörg, Konstantinou George, Kurowski Marcin, Lau Susanne, Lauener Roger, Lauerma Antti, Logan Kirsty, Magnan Antoine, Makowska Joanna, Makrinioti Heidi, Mangina Paraskevi, Manole Felicia, Mari Adriano, Mazon Angel, Mills Clare, Mingomataj ErvinÇ, Niggemann Bodo, Nilsson Gunnar, Ollert Markus, O'Mahony Liam, O'Neil Serena, Pala Gianni, Papi Alberto, Passalacqua Gianni, Perkin Michael, Pfaar Oliver, Pitsios Constantinos, Quirce Santiago, Raap Ulrike, Raulf-Heimsoth Monika, Rhyner Claudio, Robson-Ansley Paula, Alves Rodrigo, Roje Zeljka, Rondon Carmen, Rudzeviciene Odilija, Ruëff Franziska, Rukhadze Maia, Rumi Gabriele, Sackesen Cansin, Santos Alexandra F, Santucci Annalisa, Scharf Christian, Schmidt-Weber Carsten, Schnyder Benno, Schwarze Jürgen, Senna Gianenrico, Sergejeva Svetlana, Seys Sven, Siracusa Andrea, Skypala Isabel, Sokolowska Milena, Spertini Francois, Spiewak Radoslaw, Sprikkelman Aline, Sturm Gunter, Swoboda Ines, Terreehorst Ingrid, Toskala Elina, Traidl-Hoffmann Claudia, Venter Carina, Vlieg-Boerstra Berber, Whitacker Paul, Worm Margitta, Xepapadaki Paraskevi, and Akdis Cezmi A

Subjects
Allergy, Allergic diseases, Policy, Research needs, Research funding, Europe, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

Abstract In less than half a century, allergy, originally perceived as a rare disease, has become a major public health threat, today affecting the lives of more than 60 million people in Europe, and probably close to one billion worldwide, thereby heavily impacting the budgets of public health systems. More disturbingly, its prevalence and impact are on the rise, a development that has been associated with environmental and lifestyle changes accompanying the continuous process of urbanization and globalization. Therefore, there is an urgent need to prioritize and concert research efforts in the field of allergy, in order to achieve sustainable results on prevention, diagnosis and treatment of this most prevalent chronic disease of the 21st century. The European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) is the leading professional organization in the field of allergy, promoting excellence in clinical care, education, training and basic and translational research, all with the ultimate goal of improving the health of allergic patients. The European Federation of Allergy and Airways Diseases Patients’ Associations (EFA) is a non-profit network of allergy, asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD) patients’ organizations. In support of their missions, the present EAACI Position Paper, in collaboration with EFA, highlights the most important research needs in the field of allergy to serve as key recommendations for future research funding at the national and European levels. Although allergies may involve almost every organ of the body and an array of diverse external factors act as triggers, there are several common themes that need to be prioritized in research efforts. As in many other chronic diseases, effective prevention, curative treatment and accurate, rapid diagnosis represent major unmet needs. Detailed phenotyping/endotyping stands out as widely required in order to arrange or re-categorize clinical syndromes into more coherent, uniform and treatment-responsive groups. Research efforts to unveil the basic pathophysiologic pathways and mechanisms, thus leading to the comprehension and resolution of the pathophysiologic complexity of allergies will allow for the design of novel patient-oriented diagnostic and treatment protocols. Several allergic diseases require well-controlled epidemiological description and surveillance, using disease registries, pharmacoeconomic evaluation, as well as large biobanks. Additionally, there is a need for extensive studies to bring promising new biotechnological innovations, such as biological agents, vaccines of modified allergen molecules and engineered components for allergy diagnosis, closer to clinical practice. Finally, particular attention should be paid to the difficult-to-manage, precarious and costly severe disease forms and/or exacerbations. Nonetheless, currently arising treatments, mainly in the fields of immunotherapy and biologicals, hold great promise for targeted and causal management of allergic conditions. Active involvement of all stakeholders, including Patient Organizations and policy makers are necessary to achieve the aims emphasized herein.

Published
2012
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48. EAACI: A European Declaration on Immunotherapy. Designing the future of allergen specific immunotherapy

Author

Calderon Moises A, Demoly Pascal, Gerth van Wijk Roy, Bousquet Jean, Sheikh Aziz, Frew Anthony, Scadding Glenis, Bachert Claus, Malling Hans J, Valenta Rudolph, Bilo Beatrice, Nieto Antonio, Akdis Cezmi, Just Jocelyne, Vidal Carmen, Varga Eva M, Alvarez-Cuesta Emilio, Bohle Barbara, Bufe Albrecht, Canonica Walter G, Cardona Victoria, Dahl Ronald, Didier Alain, Durham Stephen R, Eng Peter, Fernandez-Rivas Montserrat, Jacobsen Lars, Jutel Marek, Kleine-Tebbe Jörg, Klimek Ludger, Lötvall Jan, Moreno Carmen, Mosges Ralph, Muraro Antonella, Niggemann Bodo, Pajno Giovanni, Passalacqua Giovanni, Pfaar Oliver, Rak Sabina, Senna Gianenrico, Senti Gabriela, Valovirta Erkka, van Hage Marianne, Virchow Johannes C, Wahn Ulrich, and Papadopoulos Nikolaos

Subjects
Allergy, Asthma, Rhinitis, Immunotherapy, Health economics, Quality of life, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

Abstract Allergy today is a public health concern of pandemic proportions, affecting more than 150 million people in Europe alone. In view of epidemiological trends, the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) predicts that within the next few decades, more than half of the European population may at some point in their lives experience some type of allergy. Not only do allergic patients suffer from a debilitating disease, with the potential for major impact on their quality of life, career progression, personal development and lifestyle choices, but they also constitute a significant burden on health economics and macroeconomics due to the days of lost productivity and underperformance. Given that allergy triggers, including urbanization, industrialization, pollution and climate change, are not expected to change in the foreseeable future, it is imperative that steps are taken to develop, strengthen and optimize preventive and treatment strategies. Allergen specific immunotherapy is the only currently available medical intervention that has the potential to affect the natural course of the disease. Years of basic science research, clinical trials, and systematic reviews and meta-analyses have convincingly shown that allergen specific immunotherapy can achieve substantial results for patients, improving the allergic individuals’ quality of life, reducing the long-term costs and burden of allergies, and changing the course of the disease. Allergen specific immunotherapy not only effectively alleviates allergy symptoms, but it has a long-term effect after conclusion of the treatment and can prevent the progression of allergic diseases. Unfortunately, allergen specific immunotherapy has not yet received adequate attention from European institutions, including research funding bodies, even though this could be a most rewarding field in terms of return on investments, translational value and European integration and, a field in which Europe is recognized as a worldwide leader. Evaluation and surveillance of the full cost of allergic diseases is still lacking and further progress is being stifled by the variety of health systems across Europe. This means that the general population remains unaware of the potential use of allergen specific immunotherapy and its potential benefits. We call upon Europe’s policy-makers to coordinate actions and improve individual and public health in allergy by: Promoting awareness of the effectiveness of allergen specific immunotherapy Updating national healthcare policies to support allergen specific immunotherapy Prioritising funding for allergen specific immunotherapy research Monitoring the macroeconomic and health economic parameters of allergy Reinforcing allergy teaching in medical disciplines and specialties The effective implementation of the above policies has the potential for a major positive impact on European health and well-being in the next decade.

Published
2012
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50. Placebo effects in allergen immunotherapy—An EAACI Task Force Position Paper.

Author

Pfaar, Oliver, Agache, Ioana, Bergmann, Karl‐Christian, Bindslev‐Jensen, Carsten, Bousquet, Jean, Creticos, Peter S., Devillier, Philippe, Durham, Stephen R., Hellings, Peter, Kaul, Susanne, Kleine‐Tebbe, Jörg, Klimek, Ludger, Jacobsen, Lars, Jutel, Marek, Muraro, Antonella, Papadopoulos, Nikolaos G., Rief, Winfried, Scadding, Glenis K., Schedlowski, Manfred, and Shamji, Mohamed H.

Subjects
PLACEBOS, TASK forces, ALLERGENS, CLINICAL trials, IMMUNOTHERAPY
Abstract

The placebo (Latin "I will please") effect commonly occurs in clinical trials. The psychological and physiological factors associated with patients' expectations about a treatment's positive and negative effects have yet to be well characterized, although a functional prefrontal cortex and intense bidirectional communication between the central nervous system and the immune system appear to be prerequisites for a placebo effect. The use of placebo raises certain ethical issues, especially if patients in a placebo group are denied an effective treatment for a long period of time. The placebo effect appears to be relatively large (up to 77%, relative to pretreatment scores) in controlled clinical trials of allergen immunotherapy (AIT), such as the pivotal, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled (DBPC) randomized clinical trials currently required by regulatory authorities worldwide. The European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) therefore initiated a Task Force, in order to better understand the placebo effect in AIT and its specific role in comorbidities, blinding issues, adherence, measurement time points, variability and the natural course of the disease. In this Position Paper, the EAACI Task Force highlights several important topics regarding the placebo effect in AIT such as a) regulatory aspects, b) neuroimmunological and psychological mechanisms, c) placebo effect sizes in AIT trials, d) methodological limitations in AIT trial design and e) potential solutions in future AIT trial design. In conclusion, this Position Paper aims to examine the methodological problem of placebo in AIT from different aspects and also to highlight unmet needs and possible solutions for future trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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