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1,895 results on '"Klimov, P. A."'

1. The EUSO-SPB2 Fluorescence Telescope for the Detection of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays

Author

Adams Jr., James H., Allard, Denis, Alldredge, Phillip, Anchordoqui, Luis, Anzalone, Anna, Battisti, Matteo, Belov, Alexander A., Bertaina, Mario, Bertone, Peter F., Blin-Bondil, Sylvie, Burton, Julia, Cafagna, Francesco S., Casolino, Marco, Černý, Karel, Christ, Mark J., Colalillo, Roberta, Crawford, Hank J., Creusot, Alexandre, Cummings, Austin, Diesing, Rebecca, Di Nola, Alessandro, Ebisuzaki, Toshikazu, Eser, Johannes, Ferrarese, Silvia, Filippatos, George, Finch, William W., Flaminio, Flavia, Fornaro, Claudio, Fuehne, Duncan, Fuglesang, Christer, Garg, Diksha, Golzio, Alessio, Guarino, Fausto, Guépin, Claire, Heibges, Tobias, Judd, Eleanor G., Klimov, Pavel A., Krizmanic, John F., Kungel, Viktoria, Kupari, Luke, Kuznetsov, Evgeny, Manfrin, Massimiliano, Marszal, Wlodzimierz, Matthews, John N., Mese, Marco, Meyer, Stephan S., Mignone, Marco, Miyamoto, Hiroko, Murashov, Alexey S., Nachtman, Jane M., Olinto, Angela V., Onel, Yasar, Osteria, Giuseppe, Panico, Beatrice, Parizot, Ètienne, Paul, Tom, Pech, Miroslav, Perfetto, Francesco, Piotrowski, Lech W., Plebaniak, Zbigniew, Posligua, Jonatan, Prévôt, Guillaume, Przybylak, Marika, Reardon, Patrick, Reno, Mary Hall, Ricci, Marco, Sarazin, Fred, Schovánek, P., Scotti, Valentina, Shinozaki, Kenji, Soriano, Jorge F., Stillwell, Ben K., Szabelski, Jacek, Takizawa, Yoshiyuki, Trofimov, Daniil, Unel, Fredrik, Valore, Laura, Venters, Tonia M., Watts Jr., John, Wiencke, Lawrence, Wistrand, Hannah, and Young, Roy

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The Extreme Universe Space Observatory on a Super Pressure Balloon 2 (EUSO-SPB2) flew on May 13$^{\text{th}}$ and 14$^{\text{th}}$ of 2023. Consisting of two novel optical telescopes, the payload utilized next-generation instrumentation for the observations of extensive air showers from near space. One instrument, the fluorescence telescope (FT) searched for Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) by recording the atmosphere below the balloon in the near-UV with a 1~$\mu$s time resolution using 108 multi-anode photomultiplier tubes with a total of 6,912 channels. Validated by pre-flight measurements during a field campaign, the energy threshold was estimated around 2~EeV with an expected event rate of approximately 1 event per 10 hours of observation. Based on the limited time afloat, the expected number of UHECR observations throughout the flight is between 0 and 2. Consistent with this expectation, no UHECR candidate events have been found. The majority of events appear to be detector artifacts that were not rejected properly due to a shortened commissioning phase. Despite the earlier-than-expected termination of the flight, data were recorded which provide insights into the detectors stability in the near-space environment as well as the diffuse ultraviolet emissivity of the atmosphere, both of which are impactful to future experiments.

Published
2024
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4. Phase transitions in random circuit sampling

Author

Morvan, A., Villalonga, B., Mi, X., Mandrà, S., Bengtsson, A., Klimov, P. V., Chen, Z., Hong, S., Erickson, C., Drozdov, I. K., Chau, J., Laun, G., Movassagh, R., Asfaw, A., Brandão, L. T. A. N., Peralta, R., Abanin, D., Acharya, R., Allen, R., Andersen, T. I., Anderson, K., Ansmann, M., Arute, F., Arya, K., Atalaya, J., Bardin, J. C., Bilmes, A., Bortoli, G., Bourassa, A., Bovaird, J., Brill, L., Broughton, M., Buckley, B. B., Buell, D. A., Burger, T., Burkett, B., Bushnell, N., Campero, J., Chang, H.-S., Chiaro, B., Chik, D., Chou, C., Cogan, J., Collins, R., Conner, P., Courtney, W., Crook, A. L., Curtin, B., Debroy, D. M., Barba, A. Del Toro, Demura, S., Paolo, A. Di, Dunsworth, A., Faoro, L., Farhi, E., Fatemi, R., Ferreira, V. S., Burgos, L. Flores, Forati, E., Fowler, A. G., Foxen, B., Garcia, G., Genois, É., Giang, W., Gidney, C., Gilboa, D., Giustina, M., Gosula, R., Dau, A. Grajales, Gross, J. A., Habegger, S., Hamilton, M. C., Hansen, M., Harrigan, M. P., Harrington, S. D., Heu, P., Hoffmann, M. R., Huang, T., Huff, A., Huggins, W. J., Ioffe, L. B., Isakov, S. V., Iveland, J., Jeffrey, E., Jiang, Z., Jones, C., Juhas, P., Kafri, D., Khattar, T., Khezri, M., Kieferová, M., Kim, S., Kitaev, A., Klots, A. R., Korotkov, A. N., Kostritsa, F., Kreikebaum, J. M., Landhuis, D., Laptev, P., Lau, K.-M., Laws, L., Lee, J., Lee, K. W., Lensky, Y. D., Lester, B. J., Lill, A. T., Liu, W., Livingston, W. P., Locharla, A., Malone, F. D., Martin, O., Martin, S., McClean, J. R., McEwen, M., Miao, K. C., Mieszala, A., Montazeri, S., Mruczkiewicz, W., Naaman, O., Neeley, M., Neill, C., Nersisyan, A., Newman, M., Ng, J. H., Nguyen, A., Nguyen, M., Niu, M. Yuezhen, O’Brien, T. E., Omonije, S., Opremcak, A., Petukhov, A., Potter, R., Pryadko, L. P., Quintana, C., Rhodes, D. M., Rocque, C., Rosenberg, E., Rubin, N. C., Saei, N., Sank, D., Sankaragomathi, K., Satzinger, K. J., Schurkus, H. F., Schuster, C., Shearn, M. J., Shorter, A., Shutty, N., Shvarts, V., Sivak, V., Skruzny, J., Smith, W. C., Somma, R. D., Sterling, G., Strain, D., Szalay, M., Thor, D., Torres, A., Vidal, G., Heidweiller, C. Vollgraff, White, T., Woo, B. W. K., Xing, C., Yao, Z. J., Yeh, P., Yoo, J., Young, G., Zalcman, A., Zhang, Y., Zhu, N., Zobrist, N., Rieffel, E. G., Biswas, R., Babbush, R., Bacon, D., Hilton, J., Lucero, E., Neven, H., Megrant, A., Kelly, J., Roushan, P., Aleiner, I., Smelyanskiy, V., Kechedzhi, K., Chen, Y., and Boixo, S.

Published
2024
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10. EUSO-SPB1 Mission and Science

Author

Collaboration, JEM-EUSO, Abdellaoui, G., Abe, S., Adams. Jr., J. H., Allard, D., Alonso, G., Anchordoqui, L., Anzalone, A., Arnone, E., Asano, K., Attallah, R., Attoui, H., Pernas, M. Ave, Bachmann, R., Bacholle, S., Bagheri, M., Bakiri, M., Baláz, J., Barghini, D., Bartocci, S., Battisti, M., Bayer, J., Beldjilali, B., Belenguer, T., Belkhalfa, N., Bellotti, R., Belov, A. A., Benmessai, K., Bertaina, M., Bertone, P. F., Biermann, P. L., Bisconti, F., Blaksley, C., Blanc, N., Blin-Bondil, S., Bobik, P., Bogomilov, M., Bolmgren, K., Bozzo, E., Briz, S., Bruno, A., Caballero, K. S., Cafagna, F., Cambié, G., Campana, D., Capdevielle, J. N., Capel, F., Caramete, A., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Casolino, M., Cassardo, C., Castellina, A., Catalano, O., Cellino, A., Černý, K., Chikawa, M., Chiritoi, G., Christl, M. J., Colalillo, R., Conti, L., Cotto, G., Crawford, H. J., Cremonini, R., Creusot, A., Cummings, A., Gónzalez, A. de Castro, de la Taille, C., del Peral, L., Desiato, J., Damian, A. Diaz, Diesing, R., Dinaucourt, P., Djakonow, A., Djemil, T., Ebersoldt, A., Ebisuzaki, T., Eser, J., Fenu, F., Fernández-González, S., Ferrarese, S., Filippatos, G., Finch, W., Fornaro, C., Fouka, M., Franceschi, A., Franchini, S., Fuglesang, C., Fujii, T., Fukushima, M., Galeotti, P., García-Ortega, E., Gardiol, D., Garipov, G. K., Gascón, E., Gazda, E., Genci, J., Golzio, A., Gorodetzky, P., Gregg, R., Green, A., Guarino, F., Guépin, C., Guzmán, A., Hachisu, Y., Haungs, A., Heigbes, T., Carretero, J. Hernández, Hulett, L., Ikeda, D., Inoue, N., Inoue, S., Isgrò, F., Itow, Y., Jammer, T., Jeong, S., Jochum, J., Joven, E., Judd, E. G., Jung, A., Kajino, F., Kajino, T., Kalli, S., Kaneko, I., Kasztelan, M., Katahira, K., Kawai, K., Kawasaki, Y., Kedadra, A., Khales, H., Khrenov, B. A., Kim, Jeong-Sook, Kim, Soon-Wook, Kleifges, M., Klimov, P. A., Kreykenbohm, I., Krizmanic, J. F., Królik, K., Kungel, V., Kurihara, Y., Kusenko, A., Kuznetsov, E., Lahmar, H., Lakhdari, F., Licandro, J., Campano, L. López, Martínez, F. López, Mackovjak, S., Mahdi, M., Mandát, D., Manfrin, M., Marcelli, L., Marcos, J. L., Marszał, W., Martín, Y., Martinez, O., Mase, K., Mastafa, M., Matthews, J. N., Mebarki, N., Medina-Tanco, G., Menshikov, A., Merino, A., Mese, M., Meseguer, J., Meyer, S. S., Mimouni, J., Miyamoto, H., Mizumoto, Y., Monaco, A., Ríos, J. A. Morales de los, Nachtman, J. M., Nagataki, S., Naitamor, S., Napolitano, T., Neronov, A., Nomoto, K., Nonaka, T., Ogawa, T., Ogio, S., Ohmori, H., Olinto, A. V., Onel, Y., Osteria, G., Otte, A. N., Pagliaro, A., Painter, W., Panasyuk, M. I., Panico, B., Parizot, E., Park, I. H., Pastircak, B., Paul, T., Pech, M., Pérez-Grande, I., Perfetto, F., Peter, T., Picozza, P., Pindado, S., Piotrowski, L. W., Piraino, S., Plebaniak, Z., Pollini, A., Popescu, E. M., Prevete, R., Prévôt, G., Prieto, H., Przybylak, M., Puehlhofer, G., Putis, M., Reardon, P., Reno, M. H., Reyes, M., Ricci, M., Frías, M. D. Rodríguez, Matamala, O. F. Romero, Ronga, F., Sabau, M. D., Saccá, G., Sagawa, H., Sahnoune, Z., Saito, A., Sakaki, N., Salazar, H., Sánchez, J. L., Balanzar, J. C. Sanchez, Santangelo, A., Sanz-Andrés, A., Saprykin, O. A., Sarazin, F., Sato, M., Scagliola, A., Schanz, T., Schieler, H., Schovánek, P., Scotti, V., Serra, M., Sharakin, S. A., Shimizu, H. M., Shinozaki, K., Soriano, J. F., Sotgiu, A., Stan, I., Strharský, I., Sugiyama, N., Supanitsky, D., Suzuki, M., Szabelski, J., Tajima, N., Tajima, T., Takahashi, Y., Takeda, M., Takizawa, Y., Talai, M. C., Tameda, Y., Tenzer, C., Thomas, S. B., Tibolla, O., Tkachev, L. G., Tomida, T., Tone, N., Toscano, S., Traïche, M., Tsunesada, Y., Tsuno, K., Turriziani, S., Uchihori, Y., Valdés-Galicia, J. F., Vallania, P., Valore, L., Vankova-Kirilova, G., Venters, T. M., Vigorito, C., Villaseñor, L., Vlcek, B., von Ballmoos, P., Vrabel, M., Wada, S., Watanabe, J., Watts. Jr., J., Muñoz, R. Weigand, Weindl, A., Wiencke, L., Wille, M., Wilms, J., Yamamoto, T., Yang, J., Yano, H., Yashin, I. V., Yonetoku, D., Yoshida, S., Young, R., Zgura, I. S., Zotov, M. Yu., and Marchi, A. Zuccaro

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The Extreme Universe Space Observatory on a Super Pressure Balloon 1 (EUSO-SPB1) was launched in 2017 April from Wanaka, New Zealand. The plan of this mission of opportunity on a NASA super pressure balloon test flight was to circle the southern hemisphere. The primary scientific goal was to make the first observations of ultra-high-energy cosmic-ray extensive air showers (EASs) by looking down on the atmosphere with an ultraviolet (UV) fluorescence telescope from suborbital altitude (33~km). After 12~days and 4~hours aloft, the flight was terminated prematurely in the Pacific Ocean. Before the flight, the instrument was tested extensively in the West Desert of Utah, USA, with UV point sources and lasers. The test results indicated that the instrument had sensitivity to EASs of approximately 3 EeV. Simulations of the telescope system, telescope on time, and realized flight trajectory predicted an observation of about 1 event assuming clear sky conditions. The effects of high clouds were estimated to reduce this value by approximately a factor of 2. A manual search and a machine-learning-based search did not find any EAS signals in these data. Here we review the EUSO-SPB1 instrument and flight and the EAS search., Comment: 18 pages, 19 figures

Published
2024
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11. Current challenges in the modern male immune system

Author

Vladimir Klimov and Andrew Klimov

Subjects
male immune system, “sequestrated antigens”, self-tolerance, male infertility, sperm allergy, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

The tripartite network, including the nervous, immune, and endocrine systems, plays a significant role in regulatory and effector processes in the male body. On the one hand, males perform their reproduction function by generating spermatozoa in conditions of self-tolerance maintenance because most spermatozoa antigens (“sequestrated antigens”) are unknown to the immune system. On the other hand, in everyday life, a male body encounters hostile external infections, some of which colonize the skin and barrier surfaces and present a cancer threat to male genital tracts. This is human papillomavirus (HPV), the “silent killer”. Therefore, the male immune system has to function in a contradictory situation using either active immune responses, self-tolerance mechanisms, or both simultaneously. This review focused on the functional organization of the male immune system, including its coordination with the nervous and endocrine systems, and immune processes at the level of the whole organism, as well as on obvious changes, which have currently happened. The male immune system should function in conditions of the strong influence of testosterone and biosocial impulses coming from the nervous system. In the last century, researchers obtained data showing a decrease in the male reproduction function because of a stable negative dynamic of spermatozoa count and quality. Nowadays, depressing statistical indicators of male fertility have been published. 15% of couples are unable to conceive a child, where 50% of the causes of infertility relate to males, and up to 15% of male infertility cases are due to immunological disorders. It can be assumed that the male immune system starts to function when self-tolerance is partially lost, and the previous balance has been destroyed. Furthermore, sperm allergy has become a new topic in male immunology.

Published
2024
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16. ELVES Measurements in the “UV Atmosphere” (Mini-EUSO) Experiment Onboard the ISS and Their Reconstruction

Author

Sharakin, S., Barghini, D., Battisti, M., Belov, A., Bertaina, M., Bianciotto, M., Bisconti, F., Blaksley, C., Blin, S., Cambiè, G., Capel, F., Casolino, M., Ebisuzaki, T., Eser, J., Fenu, F., Franceschi, M. A., Golzio, A., Gorodetsky, P., Kajino, F., Kasuga, H., Klimov, P., Manfrin, M., Marcelli, L., Marszal, W., Miyamoto, H., Mignone, M., Murashov, A., Napolitano, T., Ohmori, H., Olinto, A., Parizot, E., Picozza, P., Piotrowski, L. W., Plebaniak, Z., Prévôt, G., Reali, E., Ricci, M., Romoli, G., Sakaki, N., Shinozaki, K., Szabelski, J., De La Taille, C., Takizawa, Y., Vrábel, M., Wiencke, L., and Zotov, M.

Published
2024
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17. Dry Reforming of Methane over Mn-modified Ni-based Catalysts

Author

Manabayeva, Alua M., Mäki-Arvela, Päivi, Vajglová, Zuzana, Martinez-Klimov, Mark, Yevdokimova, Olha, Peuronen, Anssi, Lastusaari, Mika, Tirri, Teija, Baizhumanova, Tolkyn S., Kassymkan, Kaisar, Kaumenova, Gulnar N., Brodskiy, Alexandr R., Sarsenova, Rabiga O., Shorayeva, Kamshat A., Murzin, Dmitry Yu., and Tungatarova, Svetlana A.

Published
2024
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18. Developments and results in the context of the JEM-EUSO program obtained with the ESAF Simulation and Analysis Framework

Author

Abe, S., Adams Jr., J. H., Allard, D., Alldredge, P., Anchordoqui, L., Anzalone, A., Arnone, E., Baret, B., Barghini, D., Battisti, M., Bayer, J., Bellotti, R., Belov, A. A., Bertaina, M., Bertone, P. F., Bianciotto, M., Biermann, P. L., Bisconti, F., Blaksley, C., Blin-Bondil, S., Bobik, P., Bolmgren, K., Briz, S., Burton, J., Cafagna, F., Cambié, G., Campana, D., Capel, F., Caruso, R., Casolino, M., Cassardo, C., Castellina, A., Černý, K., Christl, M. J., Colalillo, R., Conti, L., Cotto, G., Crawford, H. J., Cremonini, R., Creusot, A., Cummings, A., Gónzalez, A. de Castro, de la Taille, C., del Peral, L., Diesing, R., Dinaucourt, P., Di Nola, A., Ebersoldt, A., Ebisuzaki, T., Eser, J., Fenu, F., Ferrarese, S., Filippatos, G., Finch, W. W., Flaminio, F., Fornaro, C., Fuehne, D., Fuglesang, C., Fukushima, M., Gardiol, D., Garipov, G. K., Golzio, A., Gorodetzky, P., Guarino, F., Guépin, C., Guzmán, A., Haungs, A., Heibges, T., Hernández-Carretero, J., Isgrò, F., Judd, E. G., Kajino, F., Kaneko, I., Kawasaki, Y., Kleifges, M., Klimov, P. A., Kreykenbohm, I., Krizmanic, J. F., Kungel, V., Kuznetsov, E., Martínez, F. López, Mackovjak, S., Mandát, D., Manfrin, M., Marcelli, A., Marcelli, L., Marszał, W., Matthews, J. N., Menshikov, A., Mernik, T., Mese, M., Meyer, S. S., Mimouni, J., Miyamoto, H., Mizumoto, Y., Monaco, A., Ríos, J. A Morales de los, Nagataki, S., Nachtman, J. M., Naumov, D., Neronov, A., Nonaka, T., Ogawa, T., Ogio, S., Ohmori, H., Olinto, A. V., Onel, Y., Osteria, G., Pagliaro, A., Panico, B., Parizot, E., Park, I. H., Pastircak, B., Paul, T., Pech, M., Perfetto, F., Picozza, P., Piotrowski, L. W., Plebaniak, Z., Posligua, J., Prevete, R., Prévôt, G., Prieto, H., Przybylak, M., Putis, M., Reali, E., Reardon, P., Reno, M. H., Ricci, M., Frías, M. Rodríguez, Romoli, G., Cano, G. Sáez, Sagawa, H., Sakaki, N., Santangelo, A., Saprykin, O. A., Sarazin, F., Sato, M., Schieler, H., Schovánek, P., Scotti, V., Selmane, S., Sharakin, S. A., Shinozaki, K., Soriano, J. F., Szabelski, J., Tajima, N., Tajima, T., Takahashi, Y., Takeda, M., Takizawa, Y., Tenzer, C., Thomas, S. B., Tkachev, L. G., Tomida, T., Toscano, S., Traïche, M., Trofimov, D., Tsuno, K., Vallania, P., Valore, L., Venters, T. M., Vigorito, C., von Ballmoos, P., Vrabel, M., Wada, S., Watts Jr., J., Weindl, A., Wiencke, L., Wilms, J., Winn, D., Wistrand, H., Yashin, I. V., Young, R., and Zotov, M. Yu.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

JEM--EUSO is an international program for the development of space-based Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Ray observatories. The program consists of a series of missions which are either under development or in the data analysis phase. All instruments are based on a wide-field-of-view telescope, which operates in the near-UV range, designed to detect the fluorescence light emitted by extensive air showers in the atmosphere. We describe the simulation software ESAFin the framework of the JEM--EUSO program and explain the physical assumptions used. We present here the implementation of the JEM--EUSO, POEMMA, K--EUSO, TUS, Mini--EUSO, EUSO--SPB1 and EUSO--TA configurations in ESAF. For the first time ESAF simulation outputs are compared with experimental data.

Published
2023
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20. Optimizing quantum gates towards the scale of logical qubits

Author

Klimov, Paul V., Bengtsson, Andreas, Quintana, Chris, Bourassa, Alexandre, Hong, Sabrina, Dunsworth, Andrew, Satzinger, Kevin J., Livingston, William P., Sivak, Volodymyr, Niu, Murphy Yuezhen, Andersen, Trond I., Zhang, Yaxing, Chik, Desmond, Chen, Zijun, Neill, Charles, Erickson, Catherine, Grajales Dau, Alejandro, Megrant, Anthony, Roushan, Pedram, Korotkov, Alexander N., Kelly, Julian, Smelyanskiy, Vadim, Chen, Yu, and Neven, Hartmut

Published
2024
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23. Minimally invasive treatment of multiple complications of pancreatitis

Author

R. G. Avanesyan, M. P. Korolev, R. А. Movsesian, A. V. Klimov, and G. R. Avanesyan

Subjects
pancreatitis, pancreatic cyst, drainage, bile ducts, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiostomy, Surgery, RD1-811
Abstract

A clinical case of multiple complications of pancreatitis associated with intraductal pancreatic hypertension with the formation of a cyst of the head and body of the pancreas and, as a result, biliary hypertension in a 55-year-old patient is presented. A phased minimally invasive treatment of pancreatitis complications is shown using original operations developed in the clinic aimed at internal drainage of the cavity of the pancreatic cyst associated with the duct and restoration of the pancreatic duct with stricture of the terminal department. An original method of removing a foreign body and the lumen of the pancreatic duct using minimally invasive surgery is also presented.

Published
2024
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24. Inflammatory Mediators in Major Depression and Bipolar Disorder (Russian Translation)

Author

Poletti, Sara, Mazza, Mario Gennaro, Benedetti, Francesco, Klimov, M.S., and Pchelin, Ivan Yu.

Subjects
Science, Medicine, History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, AZ20-999
Abstract

Major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) are highly disabling illnesses defined by different psychopathological, neuroimaging, and cognitive profiles. In the last decades, immune dysregulation has received increasing attention as a central factor in the pathophysiology of these disorders. Several aspects of immune dysregulations have been investigated, including, low-grade inflammation cytokines, chemokines, cell populations, gene expression, and markers of both peripheral and central immune activation. Understanding the distinct immune profiles characterizing the two disorders is indeed of crucial importance for differential diagnosis and the implementation of personalized treatment strategies. In this paper, we reviewed the current literature on the dysregulation of the immune response system focusing our attention on studies using inflammatory markers to discriminate between MDD and BD. High heterogeneity characterized the available literature, reflecting the heterogeneity of the disorders. Common alterations in the immune response system include high pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL‑6 and TNF-α. On the contrary, a greater involvement of chemokines and markers associated with innate immunity has been reported in BD together with dynamic changes in T cells with differentiation defects during childhood which normalize in adulthood, whereas classic mediators of immune responses such as IL‑4 and IL‑10 are present in MDD together with signs of immune-­senescence. Original article: Poletti S, Mazza MG, Benedetti F. Inflammatory mediators in major depression and bipolar disorder. Transl Psychiatry. 2024;(14):247. DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02921-z. The article was translated into Russian and published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license.

Published
2024
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25. Mucocele of the appendix complicated by intussusception

Author

A. V. Klimov, I. A. Solovyov, R. G. Avanesyan, M. P. Korolev, L. E. Fedotov, E. O. Bakasova, I. A. Kosmakov, and L. D. Bechvaya

Subjects
mucocele of the appendix, intussusception of the appendix, appendectomy, mucinous cystadenoma of the appendix, false tumor of the appendix, appendix myxoma, mucous cyst, myxoglobulosis, Surgery, RD1-811
Abstract

The OBJECTIVE of this study was to demonstrate and original clinical case of an appendiceal mucocele, complicated by intussusception in a 45-year-old female patient.METHODS AND MATERIALS. We present a rare clinical case of appendiceal mucocele in a female patient, complicated by partial intussusception into the caecum. Diagnostic laparoscopy was performed, followed by laparotomy with reduction of the intussusception and an atypical appendectomy.RESULTS. In this article we present a review of the literature and analyze our clinical case. Treatment result was positive, postoperative period was uncomplicated. This patient was followed up for year postoperatively.

Published
2024
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26. Assessment of Functional and Biochemical Parameters in Healthy Young Men with Different Somatotypes

Author

Anton Yu. Prikhodko, Mikhail S. Golovin, Vladimir M. Klimov, Sergey G. Krivoshchekov, and Roman I. Aizman

Subjects
heath–carter somatotype method, blood lactate concentration, blood glucose concentration, energy supply for muscle activity, treadmill step test, physical performance, Sports medicine, RC1200-1245, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

The purpose of this article was to study the functional and biochemical characteristics of the body before and after an exercise test as well as physical performance and muscular endurance in young men with different somatotypes. Materials and methods. The research involved 29 apparently healthy young men aged 18 to 22 years, who performed an exercise step test to failure on a treadmill. We assessed the subjects’ somatotype (according to the Heath–Carter method), anthropometric parameters, hand muscle strength and endurance, type of functional response, blood pressure, heart rate, as well as capillary blood glucose and lactate levels. All of the above were measured at the beginning of the test, during the transition between the steps (a 10–15-second pause) and immediately after the subjects’ failure to continue the test. Results. We found that ectomorphs differed from the subjects with other somatotypes, especially endomorphs, by having a higher level of functional capabilities and greater contribution of aerobic processes to the body’s energy supply, as well as smaller homeostatic shifts in the cardiovascular system and lower blood glucose and lactate concentrations after maximum physical exertion. Compared to their peers with other somatotypes, endomorphs showed a higher contribution of the lactate mechanism to the energy supply and lower functional capabilities, which were manifested in more pronounced functional and biochemical shifts after physical exertion. Mesomorphs occupied an intermediate position between endo- and ectomorphs in terms of many morphofunctional and biochemical parameters. Аt the same time, mesomorphs’ hand muscle endurance was the lowest, while their hand strength was the greatest.

Published
2024
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27. Optimizing quantum gates towards the scale of logical qubits

Author

Klimov, Paul V., Bengtsson, Andreas, Quintana, Chris, Bourassa, Alexandre, Hong, Sabrina, Dunsworth, Andrew, Satzinger, Kevin J., Livingston, William P., Sivak, Volodymyr, Niu, Murphy Y., Andersen, Trond I., Zhang, Yaxing, Chik, Desmond, Chen, Zijun, Neill, Charles, Erickson, Catherine, Dau, Alejandro Grajales, Megrant, Anthony, Roushan, Pedram, Korotkov, Alexander N., Kelly, Julian, Smelyanskiy, Vadim, Chen, Yu, and Neven, Hartmut

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

A foundational assumption of quantum error correction theory is that quantum gates can be scaled to large processors without exceeding the error-threshold for fault tolerance. Two major challenges that could become fundamental roadblocks are manufacturing high performance quantum hardware and engineering a control system that can reach its performance limits. The control challenge of scaling quantum gates from small to large processors without degrading performance often maps to non-convex, high-constraint, and time-dependent control optimization over an exponentially expanding configuration space. Here we report on a control optimization strategy that can scalably overcome the complexity of such problems. We demonstrate it by choreographing the frequency trajectories of 68 frequency-tunable superconducting qubits to execute single- and two-qubit gates while mitigating computational errors. When combined with a comprehensive model of physical errors across our processor, the strategy suppresses physical error rates by $\sim3.7\times$ compared with the case of no optimization. Furthermore, it is projected to achieve a similar performance advantage on a distance-23 surface code logical qubit with 1057 physical qubits. Our control optimization strategy solves a generic scaling challenge in a way that can be adapted to a variety of quantum operations, algorithms, and computing architectures.

Published
2023
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32. Set of Thomson Scattering Diagnostics for TRT

Author

Mukhin, E. E., Tolstyakov, S. Yu., Kurskiev, G. S., Zhiltsov, N. S., Ermakov, N. V., Tkachenko, E. E., Koval, A. N., Solovey, V. A., Aleksandrov, S. A., Nikolaev, A. V., Antropov, D. A., Bondar, A. V., Kedrov, I. V., Marchenko, T. A., Kornev, A. F., Makarov, A. M., Bogachev, D. L., Samsonov, D. S., Guk, E. G., Klimov, V. N., Smirnova, E. P., Sotnikov, A. V., Razdobarin, A. G., Bazhenov, A. N., Bocharov, I. V., Bocharnikov, V. A., Bukreev, I. M., Dmitriev, A. M., Elets, D. I., Tereshchenko, I. B., Varshavchik, L. A., Chernakov, An. P., Pankrat’ev, P. A., Marchii, G. V., Minbaev, M., Nikolaenko, K. O., Kungurtsev, N. A., Sakharov, N. V., Petrov, Yu. V., and Mokeev, A. N.

Published
2024
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34. Dynamics of magnetization at infinite temperature in a Heisenberg spin chain

Author

Rosenberg, Eliott, Andersen, Trond, Samajdar, Rhine, Petukhov, Andre, Hoke, Jesse, Abanin, Dmitry, Bengtsson, Andreas, Drozdov, Ilya, Erickson, Catherine, Klimov, Paul, Mi, Xiao, Morvan, Alexis, Neeley, Matthew, Neill, Charles, Acharya, Rajeev, Allen, Richard, Anderson, Kyle, Ansmann, Markus, Arute, Frank, Arya, Kunal, Asfaw, Abraham, Atalaya, Juan, Bardin, Joseph, Bilmes, A., Bortoli, Gina, Bourassa, Alexandre, Bovaird, Jenna, Brill, Leon, Broughton, Michael, Buckley, Bob B., Buell, David, Burger, Tim, Burkett, Brian, Bushnell, Nicholas, Campero, Juan, Chang, Hung-Shen, Chen, Zijun, Chiaro, Benjamin, Chik, Desmond, Cogan, Josh, Collins, Roberto, Conner, Paul, Courtney, William, Crook, Alexander, Curtin, Ben, Debroy, Dripto, Barba, Alexander Del Toro, Demura, Sean, Di Paolo, Agustin, Dunsworth, Andrew, Earle, Clint, Farhi, E., Fatemi, Reza, Ferreira, Vinicius, Flores, Leslie, Forati, Ebrahim, Fowler, Austin, Foxen, Brooks, Garcia, Gonzalo, Genois, Élie, Giang, William, Gidney, Craig, Gilboa, Dar, Giustina, Marissa, Gosula, Raja, Dau, Alejandro Grajales, Gross, Jonathan, Habegger, Steve, Hamilton, Michael, Hansen, Monica, Harrigan, Matthew, Harrington, Sean, Heu, Paula, Hill, Gordon, Hoffmann, Markus, Hong, Sabrina, Huang, Trent, Huff, Ashley, Huggins, William, Ioffe, Lev, Isakov, Sergei, Iveland, Justin, Jeffrey, Evan, Jiang, Zhang, Jones, Cody, Juhas, Pavol, Kafri, D., Khattar, Tanuj, Khezri, Mostafa, Kieferová, Mária, Kim, Seon, Kitaev, Alexei, Klots, Andrey, Korotkov, Alexander, Kostritsa, Fedor, Kreikebaum, John Mark, Landhuis, David, Laptev, Pavel, Lau, Kim Ming, Laws, Lily, Lee, Joonho, Lee, Kenneth, Lensky, Yuri, Lester, Brian, Lill, Alexander, Liu, Wayne, Livingston, William P., Locharla, A., Mandrà, Salvatore, Martin, Orion, Martin, Steven, McClean, Jarrod, McEwen, Matthew, Meeks, Seneca, Miao, Kevin, Mieszala, Amanda, Montazeri, Shirin, Movassagh, Ramis, Mruczkiewicz, Wojciech, Nersisyan, Ani, Newman, Michael, Ng, Jiun How, Nguyen, Anthony, Nguyen, Murray, Niu, M., O'Brien, Thomas, Omonije, Seun, Opremcak, Alex, Potter, Rebecca, Pryadko, Leonid, Quintana, Chris, Rhodes, David, Rocque, Charles, Rubin, N., Saei, Negar, Sank, Daniel, Sankaragomathi, Kannan, Satzinger, Kevin, Schurkus, Henry, Schuster, Christopher, Shearn, Michael, Shorter, Aaron, Shutty, Noah, Shvarts, Vladimir, Sivak, Volodymyr, Skruzny, Jindra, Smith, Clarke, Somma, Rolando, Sterling, George, Strain, Doug, Szalay, Marco, Thor, Douglas, Torres, Alfredo, Vidal, Guifre, Villalonga, Benjamin, Heidweiller, Catherine Vollgraff, White, Theodore, Woo, Bryan, Xing, Cheng, Yao, Jamie, Yeh, Ping, Yoo, Juhwan, Young, Grayson, Zalcman, Adam, Zhang, Yaxing, Zhu, Ningfeng, Zobrist, Nicholas, Neven, Hartmut, Babbush, Ryan, Bacon, Dave, Boixo, Sergio, Hilton, Jeremy, Lucero, Erik, Megrant, Anthony, Kelly, Julian, Chen, Yu, Smelyanskiy, Vadim, Khemani, Vedika, Gopalakrishnan, Sarang, Prosen, Tomaž, and Roushan, Pedram

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

Understanding universal aspects of quantum dynamics is an unresolved problem in statistical mechanics. In particular, the spin dynamics of the 1D Heisenberg model were conjectured to belong to the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) universality class based on the scaling of the infinite-temperature spin-spin correlation function. In a chain of 46 superconducting qubits, we study the probability distribution, $P(\mathcal{M})$, of the magnetization transferred across the chain's center. The first two moments of $P(\mathcal{M})$ show superdiffusive behavior, a hallmark of KPZ universality. However, the third and fourth moments rule out the KPZ conjecture and allow for evaluating other theories. Our results highlight the importance of studying higher moments in determining dynamic universality classes and provide key insights into universal behavior in quantum systems.

Published
2023
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35. Stable Quantum-Correlated Many Body States through Engineered Dissipation

Author

Mi, X., Michailidis, A. A., Shabani, S., Miao, K. C., Klimov, P. V., Lloyd, J., Rosenberg, E., Acharya, R., Aleiner, I., Andersen, T. I., Ansmann, M., Arute, F., Arya, K., Asfaw, A., Atalaya, J., Bardin, J. C., Bengtsson, A., Bortoli, G., Bourassa, A., Bovaird, J., Brill, L., Broughton, M., Buckley, B. B., Buell, D. A., Burger, T., Burkett, B., Bushnell, N., Chen, Z., Chiaro, B., Chik, D., Chou, C., Cogan, J., Collins, R., Conner, P., Courtney, W., Crook, A. L., Curtin, B., Dau, A. G., Debroy, D. M., Barba, A. Del Toro, Demura, S., Di Paolo, A., Drozdov, I. K., Dunsworth, A., Erickson, C., Faoro, L., Farhi, E., Fatemi, R., Ferreira, V. S., Forati, L. F. Burgos E., Fowler, A. G., Foxen, B., Genois, E., Giang, W., Gidney, C., Gilboa, D., Giustina, M., Gosula, R., Gross, J. A., Habegger, S., Hamilton, M. C., Hansen, M., Harrigan, M. P., Harrington, S. D., Heu, P., Hoffmann, M. R., Hong, S., Huang, T., Huff, A., Huggins, W. J., Ioffe, L. B., Isakov, S. V., Iveland, J., Jeffrey, E., Jiang, Z., Jones, C., Juhas, P., Kafri, D., Kechedzhi, K., Khattar, T., Khezri, M., Kieferova, M., Kim, S., Kitaev, A., Klots, A. R., Korotkov, A. N., Kostritsa, F., Kreikebaum, J. M., Landhuis, D., Laptev, P., Lau, K. -M., Laws, L., Lee, J., Lee, K. W., Lensky, Y. D., Lester, B. J., Lill, A. T., Liu, W., Locharla, A., Malone, F. D., Martin, O., McClean, J. R., McEwen, M., Mieszala, A., Montazeri, S., Morvan, A., Movassagh, R., Mruczkiewicz, W., Neeley, M., Neill, C., Nersisyan, A., Newman, M., Ng, J. H., Nguyen, A., Nguyen, M., Niu, M. Y., OBrien, T. E., Opremcak, A., Petukhov, A., Potter, R., Pryadko, L. P., Quintana, C., Rocque, C., Rubin, N. C., Saei, N., Sank, D., Sankaragomathi, K., Satzinger, K. J., Schurkus, H. F., Schuster, C., Shearn, M. J., Shorter, A., Shutty, N., Shvarts, V., Skruzny, J., Smith, W. C., Somma, R., Sterling, G., Strain, D., Szalay, M., Torres, A., Vidal, G., Villalonga, B., Heidweiller, C. V., White, T., Woo, B. W. K., Xing, C., Yao, Z. J., Yeh, P., Yoo, J., Young, G., Zalcman, A., Zhang, Y., Zhu, N., Zobrist, N., Neven, H., Babbush, R., Bacon, D., Boixo, S., Hilton, J., Lucero, E., Megrant, A., Kelly, J., Chen, Y., Roushan, P., Smelyanskiy, V., and Abanin, D. A.

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

Engineered dissipative reservoirs have the potential to steer many-body quantum systems toward correlated steady states useful for quantum simulation of high-temperature superconductivity or quantum magnetism. Using up to 49 superconducting qubits, we prepared low-energy states of the transverse-field Ising model through coupling to dissipative auxiliary qubits. In one dimension, we observed long-range quantum correlations and a ground-state fidelity of 0.86 for 18 qubits at the critical point. In two dimensions, we found mutual information that extends beyond nearest neighbors. Lastly, by coupling the system to auxiliaries emulating reservoirs with different chemical potentials, we explored transport in the quantum Heisenberg model. Our results establish engineered dissipation as a scalable alternative to unitary evolution for preparing entangled many-body states on noisy quantum processors.

Published
2023
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36. Phase transition in Random Circuit Sampling

Author

Morvan, A., Villalonga, B., Mi, X., Mandrà, S., Bengtsson, A., Klimov, P. V., Chen, Z., Hong, S., Erickson, C., Drozdov, I. K., Chau, J., Laun, G., Movassagh, R., Asfaw, A., Brandão, L. T. A. N., Peralta, R., Abanin, D., Acharya, R., Allen, R., Andersen, T. I., Anderson, K., Ansmann, M., Arute, F., Arya, K., Atalaya, J., Bardin, J. C., Bilmes, A., Bortoli, G., Bourassa, A., Bovaird, J., Brill, L., Broughton, M., Buckley, B. B., Buell, D. A., Burger, T., Burkett, B., Bushnell, N., Campero, J., Chang, H. S., Chiaro, B., Chik, D., Chou, C., Cogan, J., Collins, R., Conner, P., Courtney, W., Crook, A. L., Curtin, B., Debroy, D. M., Barba, A. Del Toro, Demura, S., Di Paolo, A., Dunsworth, A., Faoro, L., Farhi, E., Fatemi, R., Ferreira, V. S., Burgos, L. Flores, Forati, E., Fowler, A. G., Foxen, B., Garcia, G., Genois, E., Giang, W., Gidney, C., Gilboa, D., Giustina, M., Gosula, R., Dau, A. Grajales, Gross, J. A., Habegger, S., Hamilton, M. C., Hansen, M., Harrigan, M. P., Harrington, S. D., Heu, P., Hoffmann, M. R., Huang, T., Huff, A., Huggins, W. J., Ioffe, L. B., Isakov, S. V., Iveland, J., Jeffrey, E., Jiang, Z., Jones, C., Juhas, P., Kafri, D., Khattar, T., Khezri, M., Kieferová, M., Kim, S., Kitaev, A., Klots, A. R., Korotkov, A. N., Kostritsa, F., Kreikebaum, J. M., Landhuis, D., Laptev, P., Lau, K. -M., Laws, L., Lee, J., Lee, K. W., Lensky, Y. D., Lester, B. J., Lill, A. T., Liu, W., Livingston, W. P., Locharla, A., Malone, F. D., Martin, O., Martin, S., McClean, J. R., McEwen, M., Miao, K. C., Mieszala, A., Montazeri, S., Mruczkiewicz, W., Naaman, O., Neeley, M., Neill, C., Nersisyan, A., Newman, M., Ng, J. H., Nguyen, A., Nguyen, M., Niu, M. Yuezhen, O'Brien, T. E., Omonije, S., Opremcak, A., Petukhov, A., Potter, R., Pryadko, L. P., Quintana, C., Rhodes, D. M., Rosenberg, E., Rocque, C., Roushan, P., Rubin, N. C., Saei, N., Sank, D., Sankaragomathi, K., Satzinger, K. J., Schurkus, H. F., Schuster, C., Shearn, M. J., Shorter, A., Shutty, N., Shvarts, V., Sivak, V., Skruzny, J., Smith, W. C., Somma, R. D., Sterling, G., Strain, D., Szalay, M., Thor, D., Torres, A., Vidal, G., Heidweiller, C. Vollgraff, White, T., Woo, B. W. K., Xing, C., Yao, Z. J., Yeh, P., Yoo, J., Young, G., Zalcman, A., Zhang, Y., Zhu, N., Zobrist, N., Rieffel, E. G., Biswas, R., Babbush, R., Bacon, D., Hilton, J., Lucero, E., Neven, H., Megrant, A., Kelly, J., Aleiner, I., Smelyanskiy, V., Kechedzhi, K., Chen, Y., and Boixo, S.

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

Undesired coupling to the surrounding environment destroys long-range correlations on quantum processors and hinders the coherent evolution in the nominally available computational space. This incoherent noise is an outstanding challenge to fully leverage the computation power of near-term quantum processors. It has been shown that benchmarking Random Circuit Sampling (RCS) with Cross-Entropy Benchmarking (XEB) can provide a reliable estimate of the effective size of the Hilbert space coherently available. The extent to which the presence of noise can trivialize the outputs of a given quantum algorithm, i.e. making it spoofable by a classical computation, is an unanswered question. Here, by implementing an RCS algorithm we demonstrate experimentally that there are two phase transitions observable with XEB, which we explain theoretically with a statistical model. The first is a dynamical transition as a function of the number of cycles and is the continuation of the anti-concentration point in the noiseless case. The second is a quantum phase transition controlled by the error per cycle; to identify it analytically and experimentally, we create a weak link model which allows varying the strength of noise versus coherent evolution. Furthermore, by presenting an RCS experiment with 67 qubits at 32 cycles, we demonstrate that the computational cost of our experiment is beyond the capabilities of existing classical supercomputers, even when accounting for the inevitable presence of noise. Our experimental and theoretical work establishes the existence of transitions to a stable computationally complex phase that is reachable with current quantum processors.

Published
2023
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39. Measurement-induced entanglement and teleportation on a noisy quantum processor

Author

Hoke, Jesse C., Ippoliti, Matteo, Rosenberg, Eliott, Abanin, Dmitry, Acharya, Rajeev, Andersen, Trond I., Ansmann, Markus, Arute, Frank, Arya, Kunal, Asfaw, Abraham, Atalaya, Juan, Bardin, Joseph C., Bengtsson, Andreas, Bortoli, Gina, Bourassa, Alexandre, Bovaird, Jenna, Brill, Leon, Broughton, Michael, Buckley, Bob B., Buell, David A., Burger, Tim, Burkett, Brian, Bushnell, Nicholas, Chen, Zijun, Chiaro, Ben, Chik, Desmond, Cogan, Josh, Collins, Roberto, Conner, Paul, Courtney, William, Crook, Alexander L., Curtin, Ben, Dau, Alejandro Grajales, Debroy, Dripto M., Barba, Alexander Del Toro, Demura, Sean, Di Paolo, Augustin, Drozdov, Ilya K., Dunsworth, Andrew, Eppens, Daniel, Erickson, Catherine, Farhi, Edward, Fatemi, Reza, Ferreira, Vinicius S., Burgos, Leslie Flores, Forati, Ebrahim, Fowler, Austin G., Foxen, Brooks, Giang, William, Gidney, Craig, Gilboa, Dar, Giustina, Marissa, Gosula, Raja, Gross, Jonathan A., Habegger, Steve, Hamilton, Michael C., Hansen, Monica, Harrigan, Matthew P., Harrington, Sean D., Heu, Paula, Hoffmann, Markus R., Hong, Sabrina, Huang, Trent, Huff, Ashley, Huggins, William J., Isakov, Sergei V., Iveland, Justin, Jeffrey, Evan, Jones, Cody, Juhas, Pavol, Kafri, Dvir, Kechedzhi, Kostyantyn, Khattar, Tanuj, Khezri, Mostafa, Kieferová, Mária, Kim, Seon, Kitaev, Alexei, Klimov, Paul V., Klots, Andrey R., Korotkov, Alexander N., Kostritsa, Fedor, Kreikebaum, John Mark, Landhuis, David, Laptev, Pavel, Lau, Kim-Ming, Laws, Lily, Lee, Joonho, Lee, Kenny W., Lensky, Yuri D., Lester, Brian J., Lill, Alexander T., Liu, Wayne, Locharla, Aditya, Martin, Orion, McClean, Jarrod R., McEwen, Matt, Miao, Kevin C., Mieszala, Amanda, Montazeri, Shirin, Morvan, Alexis, Movassagh, Ramis, Mruczkiewicz, Wojciech, Neeley, Matthew, Neill, Charles, Nersisyan, Ani, Newman, Michael, Ng, Jiun H., Nguyen, Anthony, Nguyen, Murray, Niu, Murphy Yuezhen, O'Brien, Tom E., Omonije, Seun, Opremcak, Alex, Petukhov, Andre, Potter, Rebecca, Pryadko, Leonid P., Quintana, Chris, Rocque, Charles, Rubin, Nicholas C., Saei, Negar, Sank, Daniel, Sankaragomathi, Kannan, Satzinger, Kevin J., Schurkus, Henry F., Schuster, Christopher, Shearn, Michael J., Shorter, Aaron, Shutty, Noah, Shvarts, Vlad, Skruzny, Jindra, Smith, W. Clarke, Somma, Rolando D., Sterling, George, Strain, Douglas, Szalay, Marco, Torres, Alfredo, Vidal, Guifre, Villalonga, Benjamin, Heidweiller, Catherine Vollgraff, White, Ted, Woo, Bryan W. K., Xing, Cheng, Yao, Z. Jamie., Yeh, Ping, Yoo, Juhwan, Young, Grayson, Zalcman, Adam, Zhang, Yaxing, Zhu, Ningfeng, Zobrist, Nicholas, Neven, Harmut, Babbush, Ryan, Bacon, Dave, Boixo, Sergio, Hilton, Jeremy, Lucero, Erik, Megrant, Anthony, Kelly, Julian, Chen, Yu, Smelyanskiy, Vadim, Mi, Xiao, Khemani, Vedika, and Roushan, Pedram

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics, High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract

Measurement has a special role in quantum theory: by collapsing the wavefunction it can enable phenomena such as teleportation and thereby alter the "arrow of time" that constrains unitary evolution. When integrated in many-body dynamics, measurements can lead to emergent patterns of quantum information in space-time that go beyond established paradigms for characterizing phases, either in or out of equilibrium. On present-day NISQ processors, the experimental realization of this physics is challenging due to noise, hardware limitations, and the stochastic nature of quantum measurement. Here we address each of these experimental challenges and investigate measurement-induced quantum information phases on up to 70 superconducting qubits. By leveraging the interchangeability of space and time, we use a duality mapping, to avoid mid-circuit measurement and access different manifestations of the underlying phases -- from entanglement scaling to measurement-induced teleportation -- in a unified way. We obtain finite-size signatures of a phase transition with a decoding protocol that correlates the experimental measurement record with classical simulation data. The phases display sharply different sensitivity to noise, which we exploit to turn an inherent hardware limitation into a useful diagnostic. Our work demonstrates an approach to realize measurement-induced physics at scales that are at the limits of current NISQ processors.

Published
2023
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40. Spin valve as THz emitter providing amplitude modulation

Author

A. M. Buryakov, E. D. Mishina, E. D. Lebedeva, P. Yu. Avdeev, N. Tiercelin, S. V. Ovcharenko, A. V. Gorbatova, A. A. Klimov, A. S. Sigov, and V. L. Preobrazhensky

Subjects
Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

We present a novel spin-valve THz emitter composed of FeCo/TbCo2/FeCo tri-layers separated by a copper spacer, designed to provide amplitude modulation of THz radiation. The distinct coercivities of the magnetic layers enable magnetic field control of the THz emission, with the final amplitude formed by the interference of THz waves from the individual tri-layers. Experimental studies using time-domain spectroscopy reveal that the spin-valve structure, optimized for in-plane magnetic anisotropy, effectively modulates the THz signal and maintains constant polarization. Although the current optical-to-THz conversion efficiency is insufficient for commercial use, the findings offer crucial insights for enhancing efficiency through structural optimization, highlighting the potential for advanced THz emitters and modulators.

Published
2024
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41. Overcoming leakage in scalable quantum error correction

Author

Miao, Kevin C., McEwen, Matt, Atalaya, Juan, Kafri, Dvir, Pryadko, Leonid P., Bengtsson, Andreas, Opremcak, Alex, Satzinger, Kevin J., Chen, Zijun, Klimov, Paul V., Quintana, Chris, Acharya, Rajeev, Anderson, Kyle, Ansmann, Markus, Arute, Frank, Arya, Kunal, Asfaw, Abraham, Bardin, Joseph C., Bourassa, Alexandre, Bovaird, Jenna, Brill, Leon, Buckley, Bob B., Buell, David A., Burger, Tim, Burkett, Brian, Bushnell, Nicholas, Campero, Juan, Chiaro, Ben, Collins, Roberto, Conner, Paul, Crook, Alexander L., Curtin, Ben, Debroy, Dripto M., Demura, Sean, Dunsworth, Andrew, Erickson, Catherine, Fatemi, Reza, Ferreira, Vinicius S., Burgos, Leslie Flores, Forati, Ebrahim, Fowler, Austin G., Foxen, Brooks, Garcia, Gonzalo, Giang, William, Gidney, Craig, Giustina, Marissa, Gosula, Raja, Dau, Alejandro Grajales, Gross, Jonathan A., Hamilton, Michael C., Harrington, Sean D., Heu, Paula, Hilton, Jeremy, Hoffmann, Markus R., Hong, Sabrina, Huang, Trent, Huff, Ashley, Iveland, Justin, Jeffrey, Evan, Jiang, Zhang, Jones, Cody, Kelly, Julian, Kim, Seon, Kostritsa, Fedor, Kreikebaum, John Mark, Landhuis, David, Laptev, Pavel, Laws, Lily, Lee, Kenny, Lester, Brian J., Lill, Alexander T., Liu, Wayne, Locharla, Aditya, Lucero, Erik, Martin, Steven, Megrant, Anthony, Mi, Xiao, Montazeri, Shirin, Morvan, Alexis, Naaman, Ofer, Neeley, Matthew, Neill, Charles, Nersisyan, Ani, Newman, Michael, Ng, Jiun How, Nguyen, Anthony, Nguyen, Murray, Potter, Rebecca, Rocque, Charles, Roushan, Pedram, Sankaragomathi, Kannan, Schuster, Christopher, Shearn, Michael J., Shorter, Aaron, Shutty, Noah, Shvarts, Vladimir, Skruzny, Jindra, Smith, W. Clarke, Sterling, George, Szalay, Marco, Thor, Douglas, Torres, Alfredo, White, Theodore, Woo, Bryan W. K., Yao, Z. Jamie, Yeh, Ping, Yoo, Juhwan, Young, Grayson, Zalcman, Adam, Zhu, Ningfeng, Zobrist, Nicholas, Neven, Hartmut, Smelyanskiy, Vadim, Petukhov, Andre, Korotkov, Alexander N., Sank, Daniel, and Chen, Yu

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

Leakage of quantum information out of computational states into higher energy states represents a major challenge in the pursuit of quantum error correction (QEC). In a QEC circuit, leakage builds over time and spreads through multi-qubit interactions. This leads to correlated errors that degrade the exponential suppression of logical error with scale, challenging the feasibility of QEC as a path towards fault-tolerant quantum computation. Here, we demonstrate the execution of a distance-3 surface code and distance-21 bit-flip code on a Sycamore quantum processor where leakage is removed from all qubits in each cycle. This shortens the lifetime of leakage and curtails its ability to spread and induce correlated errors. We report a ten-fold reduction in steady-state leakage population on the data qubits encoding the logical state and an average leakage population of less than $1 \times 10^{-3}$ throughout the entire device. The leakage removal process itself efficiently returns leakage population back to the computational basis, and adding it to a code circuit prevents leakage from inducing correlated error across cycles, restoring a fundamental assumption of QEC. With this demonstration that leakage can be contained, we resolve a key challenge for practical QEC at scale., Comment: Main text: 7 pages, 5 figures

Published
2022
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42. Purification-based quantum error mitigation of pair-correlated electron simulations

Author

O'Brien, T. E., Anselmetti, G., Gkritsis, F., Elfving, V. E., Polla, S., Huggins, W. J., Oumarou, O., Kechedzhi, K., Abanin, D., Acharya, R., Aleiner, I., Allen, R., Andersen, T. I., Anderson, K., Ansmann, M., Arute, F., Arya, K., Asfaw, A., Atalaya, J., Bacon, D., Bardin, J. C., Bengtsson, A., Boixo, S., Bortoli, G., Bourassa, A., Bovaird, J., Brill, L., Broughton, M., Buckley, B., Buell, D. A., Burger, T., Burkett, B., Bushnell, N., Campero, J., Chen, Y., Chen, Z., Chiaro, B., Chik, D., Cogan, J., Collins, R., Conner, P., Courtney, W., Crook, A. L., Curtin, B., Debroy, D. M., Demura, S., Drozdov, I., Dunsworth, A., Erickson, C., Faoro, L., Farhi, E., Fatemi, R., Ferreira, V. S., Burgos, L. Flores, Forati, E., Fowler, A. G., Foxen, B., Giang, W., Gidney, C., Gilboa, D., Giustina, M., Gosula, R., Dau, A. Grajales, Gross, J. A., Habegger, S., Hamilton, M. C., Hansen, M., Harrigan, M. P., Harrington, S. D., Heu, P., Hilton, J., Hoffmann, M. R., Hong, S., Huang, T., Huff, A., Ioffe, L. B., Isakov, S. V., Iveland, J., Jeffrey, E., Jiang, Z., Jones, C., Juhas, P., Kafri, D., Kelly, J., Khattar, T., Khezri, M., Kieferová, M., Kim, S., Klimov, P. V., Klots, A. R., Kothari, R., Korotkov, A. N., Kostritsa, F., Kreikebaum, J. M., Landhuis, D., Laptev, P., Lau, K., Laws, L., Lee, J., Lee, K., Lester, B. J., Lill, A. T., Liu, W., Livingston, W. P., Locharla, A., Lucero, E., Malone, F. D., Mandra, S., Martin, O., Martin, S., McClean, J. R., McCourt, T., McEwen, M., Megrant, A., Mi, X., Mieszala, A., Miao, K. C., Mohseni, M., Montazeri, S., Morvan, A., Movassagh, R., Mruczkiewicz, W., Naaman, O., Neeley, M., Neill, C., Nersisyan, A., Neven, H., Newman, M., Ng, J. H., Nguyen, A., Nguyen, M., Niu, M. Y., Omonije, S., Opremcak, A., Petukhov, A., Potter, R., Pryadko, L. P., Quintana, C., Rocque, C., Roushan, P., Saei, N., Sank, D., Sankaragomathi, K., Satzinger, K. J., Schurkus, H. F., Schuster, C., Shearn, M. J., Shorter, A., Shutty, N., Shvarts, V., Skruzny, J., Smelyanskiy, V., Smith, W. C., Somma, R., Sterling, G., Strain, D., Szalay, M., Thor, D., Torres, A., Vidal, G., Villalonga, B., Heidweiller, C. Vollgraff, White, T., Woo, B. W. K., Xing, C., Yao, Z. J., Yeh, P., Yoo, J., Young, G., Zalcman, A., Zhang, Y., Zhu, N., Zobrist, N., Gogolin, C., Babbush, R., and Rubin, N. C.

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

An important measure of the development of quantum computing platforms has been the simulation of increasingly complex physical systems. Prior to fault-tolerant quantum computing, robust error mitigation strategies are necessary to continue this growth. Here, we study physical simulation within the seniority-zero electron pairing subspace, which affords both a computational stepping stone to a fully correlated model, and an opportunity to validate recently introduced ``purification-based'' error-mitigation strategies. We compare the performance of error mitigation based on doubling quantum resources in time (echo verification) or in space (virtual distillation), on up to $20$ qubits of a superconducting qubit quantum processor. We observe a reduction of error by one to two orders of magnitude below less sophisticated techniques (e.g. post-selection); the gain from error mitigation is seen to increase with the system size. Employing these error mitigation strategies enables the implementation of the largest variational algorithm for a correlated chemistry system to-date. Extrapolating performance from these results allows us to estimate minimum requirements for a beyond-classical simulation of electronic structure. We find that, despite the impressive gains from purification-based error mitigation, significant hardware improvements will be required for classically intractable variational chemistry simulations., Comment: 10 pages, 13 page supplementary material, 12 figures. Experimental data available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7225821

Published
2022
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49. Evaluation of the effectiveness of surgical treatment of tethered spinal cord syndrome of secondary origin in spina bifida: a systematic review

Author

S.O. Ryabykh, A.A. Kalashnikov, D.A. Lysachev, V.S. Klimov, A.V. Gubin, K.A. Dyachkov, I.I. Khuzhanazarov, and D.I. Eshkulov

Subjects
children, spina bifida, tethered spinal cord syndrome, surgical treatment, Surgery, RD1-811
Abstract

Objective. To present a literature review assessing the effectiveness of surgical treatment methods for tethered spinal cord syndrome of secondary origin in spina bifida. Material and Methods. The Pubmed, EMBASE, eLibrary, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for prospective cohort clinical studies published from 2009 to 2024 and evaluating the effectiveness of methods for correcting tethered spinal cord syndrome in spina bifida. The study was carried out in accordance with the guidelines for Preferred Reporting Items for writing Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Results. During this period, 20 articles were published assessing the effectiveness of surgical methods for correcting tethered spinal cord syndrome. Of these, 15 are pragmatic clinical trials and 5 are randomized clinical trials. The average level of evidence is III. Conclusion. Currently, it can be stated that there is an intra-expert consensus regarding functional radiological criteria for tethered spinal cord syndrome of secondary origin in spina bifida. However, the issue of the effectiveness of surgical intervention directly depends on the availability of objective methods for clinical assessment of the severity of functional deficit and the reversibility of morphofunctional changes in the nervous tissue. Despite the variety of clinical scales and questionnaires, there is no unified assessment system for neurological, urological and orthopedic deficits in patients with tethered spinal cord syndrome. In this context, functional MRI (spinal MR tractography) can be considered a promising method for objectifying the pathological process. However, the phenomena revealed during the examination are not fully studied and require further research.

Published
2024
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50. Predicting host range expansion in parasitic mites using a global mammalian-acarine dataset

Author

Pavel B. Klimov and Qixin He

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract Multi-host parasites pose greater health risks to wildlife, livestock, and humans than single-host parasites, yet our understanding of how ecological and biological factors influence a parasite’s host range remains limited. Here, we assemble the largest and most complete dataset on permanently parasitic mammalian mites and build a predictive model assessing the probability of single-host parasites to become multi-hosts, while accounting for potentially unobserved host-parasite links and class imbalance. This model identifies statistically significant predictors related to parasites, hosts, climate, and habitat disturbance. The most important predictors include the parasite’s contact level with the host immune system and two variables characterizing host phylogenetic similarity and spatial co-distribution. Our model reveals an overrepresentation of mites associated with Rodentia (rodents), Chiroptera (bats), and Carnivora in the multi-host risk group. This highlights both the potential vulnerability of these hosts to parasitic infestations and the risk of serving as reservoirs of parasites for new hosts. In addition, we find independent macroevolutionary evidence that supports our prediction of several single-host species of Notoedres, the bat skin parasites, to be in the multi-host risk group, demonstrating the forecasting potential of our model.

Published
2024
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