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The increasing demand for electric vehicles (EVs) has prompted extensive research in the development of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with high volumetric energy density. The graphite anode possesses a tap density of 2.25 g cc−1, resulting in a volumetric energy density of over 770 W h L−1. However, the practical electrode density of 1.4–1.6 g cc−1 leads to a lower volumetric energy density of ∼550 W h L−1, and increasing electrode density beyond 1.6 g cc−1 is limited owing to the pore closure and poor electrolyte penetration, which leads to an imbalance in the N/P ratio resulting in Li metal plating. Hence, enhancing the electrolyte permeation into the densely packed graphite electrode is the crucial aspect for achieving high volumetric energy density. In this research, we coated a functional polymer (cyanoethyl polyvinyl alcohol), which has a high electrolyte absorption capability on a conventional graphite anode to enhance the electrolyte penetration into the highly densified graphite. As a result, the electrode demonstrated a high cycle stability under a high electrode density of 1.9 g cc−1 without any Li plating, and drastic degradation of capacity retention resulted in a remarkable volumetric energy density exceeding 650 W h L−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The utilization of Si anode in sulfide‐based all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs) has gained more research attention in recent years to overcome the interface challenges associated with ASSB‐containing Li metal anode. However, the volume expansion feature of the Si, stress/strain evolution inside the electrode, and the parasitic side reaction at the Si/sulfide SE interface are the most predominant limiting factors for practical device applications. It is necessary to investigate and understand the interface challenges through in‐depth analysis in real‐time battery operation to design highly efficient ASSBs for commercial device applications. Hence, this perspective paper provides a summary of the characterization tools and the analysis results related to the Si/sulfide SE interface. Moreover, in this perspective, we emphasize the importance of further investigation of the interface through more advanced in‐depth/operando analysis tools to gain insightful information about the anodic interface, which could be useful for the researchers to design efficient research strategies for solving the challenging issues associated with the anodic interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we propose reliable Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) mapping and localization via the removal of moveable objects, which can cause noise for autonomous driving vehicles based on the Normal Distributions Transform (NDT). LiDAR measures the distances to objects such as parked and moving cars and objects on the road, calculating the time of flight required for the sensor's beam to reflect off an object and return to the system. The proposed localization system uses LiDAR to implement mapping and matching for the surroundings of an autonomous vehicle. This localization is applied to an autonomous vehicle, a mid-size Sports Utility Vehicle (SUV) that has a 64-channel Velodyne sensor, detecting moveable objects via modified DeepLabV3 and semantic segmentation. LiDAR and vision sensors are popular perception sensors, but vision sensors have a weakness that does not allow for an object to be detected accurately under special circumstances, such as at night or when there is a backlight in daylight. Even if LiDAR is more expensive than other detecting sensors, LiDAR can more reliably and accurately sense an object with the right depth because a LiDAR sensor estimates an object's distance using the time of flight required for the LiDAR sensor's beam to detect the object and return to the system. The cost of a LiDAR product will decrease dramatically in the case of skyrocketing demand for LiDAR in the industrial areas of autonomous vehicles, humanoid robots, service robots, and unmanned drones. As a result, this study develops a precise application of LiDAR localization for a mid-size SUV, which gives the best performance with respect to acquiring an object's information and contributing to the appropriate, timely control of the mid-size SUV. We suggest mapping and localization using only LiDAR, without support from any other sensors, such as a Global Positioning System (GPS) or an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) sensor; using only a LiDAR sensor will be beneficial for cost competitiveness and reliability. With the powerful modified DeepLabV3, which is faster and more accurate, we identify and remove a moveable object through semantic segmentation. The improvement rate of the mapping and matching performance of our proposed NDT, by removing the moveable objects, was approximately 12% in terms of the Root-Mean-Square Error (RMSE) for the first fifth of the test course, where there were fewer parked cars and more moving cars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The front cover of the journal article "Recent Progress of In-Depth Analysis Techniques for Si Anodes in Sulfide-Based All-Solid-State Batteries: A Concise Overview and Future Perspective" features an image of the interface between the sulfide-based solid electrolyte and silicon anode in all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries. The image highlights the importance of studying the electrode/electrolyte interface in order to design high-energy batteries. The authors argue that more advanced analysis tools are needed to fully understand the interface kinetics and charge transport mechanism for developing efficient battery systems for electric vehicles and portable devices. The article provides further information on this topic. [Extracted from the article]

This article presents a numerical simulation of three-dimensional flow and heat transfer in a channel with a backward-facing step. Flow was considered to be steady, incompressible, and laminar. The flow medium was treated as radiatively participating. Governing momentum, energy, and the radiative transfer equations were solved by a finite-volume method. Extensive validation studies were carried out. The SIMPLE algorithm was used to link pressure and velocity fields. The combined convective-radiative heat transfer was studied by varying optical thickness (τH = 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4) and scattering albedo (ω = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1). Variation of thermophysical properties with temperature was considered in this study. Effects of those radiative parameters on velocity, bulk temperature, and Nusselt number are presented in detail. The study goes further to investigate the variation of reattachment length with radiative parameters. The thermal penetration decreased with a decrease in optical thickness and an increase in scattering albedo. Thermal penetration increased with increasing optical thickness and decreasing scattering albedo. The reattachment length varied with temperature as a result of variation of thermophysical properties with temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]