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Hücre zarı, hücreninsınırlarını oluşturur ve hücre içi ile dışı arasındaki madde geçişini düzenler.Hücrenin kendisi için gerekli besin maddelerinidış ortamdan alıp metabolizma sonucu oluşan zararlı metabolitleri dış ortamaverme olayında hücre zarlarının büyük bir rolü bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada sulu çözeltideki bir hücre zarı örneğinin 400 MHz 1H-NMR spektrumu, tek puls vepresaturasyon metodu kullanılarak alınmış ve bu iki spektrumunkarşılaştırmasıyla hücre zarı sinyalinin yeri saptanmaya çalışılmıştır., The cell membrane forms the boundaries of the cell and regulates thepassage of matter between the inside and the outside of the cell. Cellmembranes play a major role in the process of taking the necessary nutrientsfrom the outside and exerting the harmful metabolites resulting from themetabolism. In this study, 400 MHz 1H-NMR spectrum of a membranesample in an aqueous solution was taken using single pulse and presaturationmethod and it has been tried to determine the location of the membrane signalby comparing these two spectrums.

Bu çalışmada elektrik enerjisinin verimli ve tasarruflu bir şekilde kullanılmasıyla konutlarda aydınlatmanın gerçekleştirilmesi konusu üzerine araştırma yapılmıştır. Çalışmada enerjinin etkin kullanımı kavramına açıklık getirilerek konut aydınlatılmasında kullanılan elektrik enerjisinin genel tüketilen elektrik enerjisindeki payına dikkat çekilmiş ve buradan yola çıkarak aydınlatma enerjisinin etkin yönetimine yönelik çalışmaların gerekliliği vurgulanmıştır. Aydınlatma elamanları kısaca tanıtılarak enerji verimliliği ve tasarrufu açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Aydınlatma enerjisinde görsel konfor koşullarının yeri ve önemi noktasında gerekli açıklamalar yapılmıştır. Son olarak enerjinin etkin kullanılmasıyla yapılacak konut aydınlatmasında üzerinde durulması gereken önemli noktalar belirtilmiştir.

NMR studies involving H2O/D2O mixtures are mainly based on a single spectrum of water. However, some recent papers have revealed the presence of an HDO triplet in H2O/D2O, which is caused by the splittings of H2O signal by deuterium (D). Observation of inversion recovery (IR) traces of this triplet should be very useful for analyzing relaxation data in such mixtures. In this work, in order to obtain the traces, inversion recovery signal intensities of residual water and a mixture of 0.10 H2O and 0.90 D2O were acquired versus a set of short delay times in the presence or absense of 0.2 g albumin. T1 and T2 curves of the same samples were also obtained by using different sets of much longer times for checking the effect of radiation damping on the traces. Experiments were carried out with a 400 MHz proton NMR spectrometer equipped with a topspin programme for relaxation measurements. Inversion recovery data of the traces and T1 curves were obtained with the inversion recovery method, while T2 curves were obtained with the Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill method. Data was processed through an analysis programme of the topspin. Data showed that radiation damping is effectively reduced upon addition of albumin. Furthermore, the data of the residual water- and the mixture with albumin demonstrated the traces of the triplet at the initial part of a single inversion recovery line. Our results suggest that the splitting of water proton signal by deuterium can be detectable by the inversion recovery method for D2O- and the mixture containing albumin.

Kimyasal kayma kimyasal ve biyolojik moleküllerin tanımlanmasında yoğun kullanılan bir araç olmaktadır. Teorisi oldukça eski yıllarda oluşturulmuştur. Bu çalışmada, kitapların derinliklerinde kalan bu teori su yüzüne çıkarılarak, okuyucunun dikkatine sunulmaktadır. Okuyucunun kolay anlayabilmesi için, daha ziyade basit olan küresel yapılı moleküllerin ve sıvılardaki moleküllerin kimyasal kaymasının teorisi öne çıkarılmıştır., Chemical shift has been used intensively as a tool in recognizing of biological and chemical molecules. Chemical shift theory was created many years ago. This theory, which was remained in the depths of books, has been brought to the attention of the readers. In order to understand easily, chemical schift theory of simple spherical molecules and molecules in liquids were studied.

Bir ilacın soğurulması, dağıtımı, metabolizması ve vücuttan atılmasıyla ilgili bilgilere ulaşma; o ilacın tedavideki başarı etkinliğini anlamak için çok önemlidir. İlaçların dağıtımını etkileyen en önemli faktör, o ilacın insan kan serumundaki albüminine bağlanma çekiciliğidir. İnsan serumunun en bol proteini albümindir. Birçok ligand bağlama yeteneği olan albümin, çeşitli ilaçları da kendisine bağlamaktadır. İlacın hedef organa ulaşabilmesi ve etkili bir tedavi sağlanması için, ilaç ile albümin arasındaki etkileşme optimum olmalıdır. Bu tez çalışmasında, D2O ortamında çözünmüş üç farklı ilaç etken maddesine (5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), Cytosine ß-D Arabinofuranoside (Ara-C), Cyclophosphamide-Monohydrate (CM)) farklı konsantrasyonlarda insan serum albümini eklenerek elde edilen örnekler 400 MHz NMR spektroskopisi ile incelenmiştir. Bu incelemelerde spektrumlar (pikler), kimyasal kaymalar ve piklerin durulma zamanlarına (T1 ve T2) ait veriler kullanılmıştır. Bu verilerden elde edilen sonuçlarla protein-ilaç etkileşmelerinin moleküler dinamiği üzerine bilgi edinilmiştir. Bu tez çalışmasında ayrıca; ilaç etken maddeleriyle iki tip membrane (normal ve diyabetli) etkileştirilmiş ve bu etkileşme sonrası artan ilaç konsantrasyonlarında membrane piklerinin şiddeti ve kimyasal kayma değerleri incelenmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: NMR Spektroskopi, ilaç-albumin etkileşmesi, T1 ve T2 durulma zamanı, insan serum albümin, membrane, kimyasal kayma The information on absorption, distribution, metabolism of drugs and also knowledge on the lifetime of drug in organs, are very important for the efficiency of a successful treatment. The most important factor for drugs injected to veins, is the binding affinity to human serum albumin. Human serum albumin (HSA) is the most abundant serum protein. The albumin has a binding capacity for many ligands, and it can bind drugs injected to vein. If the drugs bound to albumin are not dissociated, they may not reach to target tissue effectively. This knowledge implies that, the interaction between drug and albumin should be optimum for an effective treatment. In this study, for three different drugs (5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), Cytosine ß-D Arabinofuranoside (Ara-C), Cyclophosphamide-Monohydrate (CM)), drug-albumin interactions were investigated versus increasing drug and albumin concentration by 400 MHz NMR spectrometer. In this work, spectrums (peaks), chemical shifts and data related to relaxation times of peaks were used. The results obtained from these data gave us useful information about molecular dynamics of drug-albumin interactions. In this study, also, for three different drugs, drug-membrane interactions were investigated for two different membranes (normal and diabetic) versus increasing drug concentration and signal intensities and chemical shift values of membrane peaks were used. Keywords: NMR Spectroscopy, drug-albumin inteaction, T1 and T2 relaxation times, human serum albumin, membrane, chemical shift Bu tez çalışması Dicle Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinatörlüğü (DÜBAP) tarafından 08-FF-10 nolu proje ile desteklenmiştir.

In this work the T1 and T2 curves of H2O/D2O mixtures were obtained for several fractions of H2O and also for different amounts of albumin and manganese. The experiments were carried out with a 400 MHz proton NMR spectrometer. The T1 and the T2 curves were determined by the inversion recovery (IR) and Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) sequences, respectively. The relaxation times in residual water and in a mixture with 0.05 ml H2O were found to be reliable either in the presence or in the absence of albumin. The mixtures containing 0.1 ml or higher H2O suffer from radiation damping (RD). RD was removed gradually by addition of albumin or manganese. RD in the protein solution with 0.1 ml H2O was removed by adding 1 µg of manganese to one ml of solution. The data suggest that the relaxation times in H2O/D2O mixtures are measurable by conventional methods upon the addition of appropriate amounts of manganese and albumin.

The movement and relaxation of the localized energy on FPU lattices have been studied by using Wavelet transforms methods. The energy relaxation mechanism for nonlinear chains involves the degradation of higher frequency excitations into lower frequencies. It is shown that low frequency modes decay more slowly in nonlinear chains. The wavelet spectrum exhibits a behavior involving the interplay of phonon modes and breather modes.

There is no report is available on the interaction of polymerized acrylic resin materials with water studied by high resolution NMR. In this study, the chemical shifts of NMR peaks of water interacting with different types of polymerized acrylic resin materials were compared. Two different types of polymers obtained by heat and microwave, were selected. Each NMR sample was prepared by mixing the dusty materials and 1 mL of a mixture of H 2O (80 %) and D 2O (20 %). The water proton signals in samples were measured by 400 MHz NMR. The data was divided into four groups. The chemical shifts of microwave acrylic resin (group 3) was higher than that of microwave acrylic resin reinforced with glass fibers (group 4), while the chemical shift of heat cured acrylic resin (group 1) was higher than that of heat cured acrylic resin reinforced with glass fibers (group 2). Furthermore, the chemical shifts of material polymerized by microwave are higher than those polymerized by injection (group 3 > group 1, and group 4 > group 2). Data shows that different type of polymerized acrylic resin materials can be differentiated by chemical shift measurements.