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3. Longitudinal associations between socioeconomic position and overall health of children with chronic kidney disease and their carers

Author

Shingde, Rashmi, Guha, Chandana, van Zwieten, Anita, Kim, Siah, Walker, Amanda, Francis, Anna, Didsbury, Madeleine, Teixeira-Pinto, Armando, Prestidge, Chanel, Lancsar, Emily, Mackie, Fiona, Kwon, Joseph, Howard, Kirsten, Howell, Martin, Jaure, Allison, Hayes, Alison, Raghunandan, Rakhee, Petrou, Stavros, Lah, Suncica, McTaggart, Steven, Craig, Jonathan C., Mallitt, Kylie-Ann, and Wong, Germaine

Published
2024
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13. Hypothetical bias in stated choice experiments: Part I. Integrative synthesis of empirical evidence and conceptualisation of external validity

Author

Haghani, Milad, Bliemer, Michiel C. J., Rose, John M., Oppewal, Harmen, and Lancsar, Emily

Subjects
Economics - Econometrics
Abstract

The notion of hypothetical bias (HB) constitutes, arguably, the most fundamental issue in relation to the use of hypothetical survey methods. Whether or to what extent choices of survey participants and subsequent inferred estimates translate to real-world settings continues to be debated. While HB has been extensively studied in the broader context of contingent valuation, it is much less understood in relation to choice experiments (CE). This paper reviews the empirical evidence for HB in CE in various fields of applied economics and presents an integrative framework for how HB relates to external validity. Results suggest mixed evidence on the prevalence, extent and direction of HB as well as considerable context and measurement dependency. While HB is found to be an undeniable issue when conducting CEs, the empirical evidence on HB does not render CEs unable to represent real-world preferences. While health-related choice experiments often find negligible degrees of HB, experiments in consumer behaviour and transport domains suggest that significant degrees of HB are ubiquitous. Assessments of bias in environmental valuation studies provide mixed evidence. Also, across these disciplines many studies display HB in their total willingness to pay estimates and opt-in rates but not in their hypothetical marginal rates of substitution (subject to scale correction). Further, recent findings in psychology and brain imaging studies suggest neurocognitive mechanisms underlying HB that may explain some of the discrepancies and unexpected findings in the mainstream CE literature. The review also observes how the variety of operational definitions of HB prohibits consistent measurement of HB in CE. The paper further identifies major sources of HB and possible moderating factors. Finally, it explains how HB represents one component of the wider concept of external validity.

Published
2021
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14. Hypothetical bias in stated choice experiments: Part II. Macro-scale analysis of literature and effectiveness of bias mitigation methods

Author

Haghani, Milad, Bliemer, Michiel C. J., Rose, John M., Oppewal, Harmen, and Lancsar, Emily

Subjects
Economics - Econometrics
Abstract

This paper reviews methods of hypothetical bias (HB) mitigation in choice experiments (CEs). It presents a bibliometric analysis and summary of empirical evidence of their effectiveness. The paper follows the review of empirical evidence on the existence of HB presented in Part I of this study. While the number of CE studies has rapidly increased since 2010, the critical issue of HB has been studied in only a small fraction of CE studies. The present review includes both ex-ante and ex-post bias mitigation methods. Ex-ante bias mitigation methods include cheap talk, real talk, consequentiality scripts, solemn oath scripts, opt-out reminders, budget reminders, honesty priming, induced truth telling, indirect questioning, time to think and pivot designs. Ex-post methods include follow-up certainty calibration scales, respondent perceived consequentiality scales, and revealed-preference-assisted estimation. It is observed that the use of mitigation methods markedly varies across different sectors of applied economics. The existing empirical evidence points to their overall effectives in reducing HB, although there is some variation. The paper further discusses how each mitigation method can counter a certain subset of HB sources. Considering the prevalence of HB in CEs and the effectiveness of bias mitigation methods, it is recommended that implementation of at least one bias mitigation method (or a suitable combination where possible) becomes standard practice in conducting CEs. Mitigation method(s) suited to the particular application should be implemented to ensure that inferences and subsequent policy decisions are as much as possible free of HB.

Published
2021
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19. Longitudinal assessment of the health-related quality of life of children and adolescents with chronic kidney disease

Author

Guha, Chandana, van Zwieten, Anita, Khalid, Rabia, Kim, Siah, Walker, Amanda, Francis, Anna, Didsbury, Madeleine, Teixeira-Pinto, Armando, Barton, Belinda, Prestidge, Chanel, Lancsar, Emily, Mackie, Fiona, Kwon, Joseph, Howard, Kirsten, Mallitt, Kylie-Ann, Howell, Martin, Jaure, Allison, Hayes, Alison, Raghunandan, Rakhee, Petrou, Stavros, Lah, Suncica, McTaggart, Steven, Craig, Jonathan C., and Wong, Germaine

Published
2023
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23. Systematic Review of Conceptual, Age, Measurement and Valuation Considerations for Generic Multidimensional Childhood Patient-Reported Outcome Measures

Author

Kwon, Joseph, Freijser, Louise, Huynh, Elisabeth, Howell, Martin, Chen, Gang, Khan, Kamran, Daher, Shahd, Roberts, Nia, Harrison, Conrad, Smith, Sarah, Devlin, Nancy, Howard, Kirsten, Lancsar, Emily, Bailey, Cate, Craig, Jonathan, Dalziel, Kim, Hayes, Alison, Mulhern, Brendan, Wong, Germaine, Ratcliffe, Julie, and Petrou, Stavros

Published
2022
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25. The path towards herd immunity: Predicting COVID-19 vaccination uptake through results from a stated choice study across six continents

Author

Hess, Stephane, Lancsar, Emily, Mariel, Petr, Meyerhoff, Jürgen, Song, Fangqing, van den Broek-Altenburg, Eline, Alaba, Olufunke A., Amaris, Gloria, Arellana, Julián, Basso, Leonardo J., Benson, Jamie, Bravo-Moncayo, Luis, Chanel, Olivier, Choi, Syngjoo, Crastes dit Sourd, Romain, Cybis, Helena Bettella, Dorner, Zack, Falco, Paolo, Garzón-Pérez, Luis, Glass, Kathryn, Guzman, Luis A., Huang, Zhiran, Huynh, Elisabeth, Kim, Bongseop, Konstantinus, Abisai, Konstantinus, Iyaloo, Larranaga, Ana Margarita, Longo, Alberto, Loo, Becky P.Y., Oehlmann, Malte, O'Neill, Vikki, de Dios Ortúzar, Juan, Sanz, María José, Sarmiento, Olga L., Moyo, Hazvinei Tamuka, Tucker, Steven, Wang, Yacan, Wang, Yu, Webb, Edward J.D., Zhang, Junyi, and Zuidgeest, Mark H.P.

Published
2022
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31. Correction to: Systematic Review of Conceptual, Age, Measurement and Valuation Considerations for Generic Multidimensional Childhood Patient-Reported Outcome Measures

Author

Kwon, Joseph, Freijser, Louise, Huynh, Elisabeth, Howell, Martin, Chen, Gang, Khan, Kamran, Daher, Shahd, Roberts, Nia, Harrison, Conrad, Smith, Sarah, Devlin, Nancy, Howard, Kirsten, Lancsar, Emily, Bailey, Cate, Craig, Jonathan, Dalziel, Kim, Hayes, Alison, Mulhern, Brendan, Wong, Germaine, Ratcliffe, Julie, and Petrou, Stavros

Published
2022
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37. Systematic Review of the Relative Social Value of Child and Adult Health.

Author

Peasgood, Tessa, Howell, Martin, Raghunandan, Rakhee, Salisbury, Amber, Sellars, Marcus, Chen, Gang, Coast, Joanna, Craig, Jonathan C., Devlin, Nancy J., Howard, Kirsten, Lancsar, Emily, Petrou, Stavros, Ratcliffe, Julie, Viney, Rosalie, Wong, Germaine, Norman, Richard, and Donaldson, Cam

Subjects
SOCIAL values, EVIDENCE gaps, WILLINGNESS to pay, CHILDREN'S health, AGE groups
Abstract

Objectives: We aimed to synthesise knowledge on the relative social value of child and adult health. Methods: Quantitative and qualitative studies that evaluated the willingness of the public to prioritise treatments for children over adults were included. A search to September 2023 was undertaken. Completeness of reporting was assessed using a checklist derived from Johnston et al. Findings were tabulated by study type (matching/person trade-off, discrete choice experiment, willingness to pay, opinion survey or qualitative). Evidence in favour of children was considered in total, by length or quality of life, methodology and respondent characteristics. Results: Eighty-eight studies were included; willingness to pay (n = 9), matching/person trade-off (n = 12), discrete choice experiments (n = 29), opinion surveys (n = 22) and qualitative (n = 16), with one study simultaneously included as an opinion survey. From 88 studies, 81 results could be ascertained. Across all studies irrespective of method or other characteristics, 42 findings supported prioritising children, while 12 provided evidence favouring adults in preference to children. The remainder supported equal prioritisation or found diverse or unclear views. Of those studies considering prioritisation within the under 18 years of age group, nine findings favoured older children over younger children (including for life saving interventions), six favoured younger children and five found diverse views. Conclusions: The balance of evidence suggests the general public favours prioritising children over adults, but this view was not found across all studies. There are research gaps in understanding the public's views on the value of health gains to very young children and the motivation behind the public's views on the value of child relative to adult health gains. Clinical Trial Registration: The review is registered at PROSPERO number: CRD42021244593. There were two amendments to the protocol: (1) some additional search terms were added to the search strategy prior to screening to ensure coverage and (2) a more formal quality assessment was added to the process at the data extraction stage. This assessment had not been identified at the protocol writing stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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38. Predictors of individual mental health and psychological resilience after Australia's 2019–2020 bushfires.

Author

Macleod, Emily, Heffernan, Timothy, Greenwood, Lisa-Marie, Walker, Iain, Lane, Jo, Stanley, Samantha K, Evans, Olivia, Calear, Alison L, Cruwys, Tegan, Christensen, Bruce K, Kurz, Tim, Lancsar, Emily, Reynolds, Julia, Rodney Harris, Rachael, and Sutherland, Stewart

Subjects
COMPETENCY assessment (Law), POSITIVE psychology, WELL-being, COVID-19, AGE distribution, POST-traumatic stress disorder, EMERGENCY management, SURVEYS, EXPERIENCE, SEX distribution, INCOME, MENTAL depression, FINANCIAL stress, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, RESEARCH funding, ANXIETY, PSYCHOLOGICAL adaptation, JUDGMENT sampling, STATISTICAL sampling, PSYCHOLOGICAL resilience, WILDFIRES, PSYCHOLOGICAL distress, ENVIRONMENTAL exposure, EDUCATIONAL attainment
Abstract

Aims: We assessed the mental health effects of Australia's 2019–2020 bushfires 12–18 months later, predicting psychological distress and positive psychological outcomes from bushfire exposure and a range of demographic variables, and seeking insights to enhance disaster preparedness and resilience planning for different profiles of people. Methods: We surveyed 3083 bushfire-affected and non-affected Australian residents about their experiences of bushfire, COVID-19, psychological distress (depression, anxiety, stress, post-traumatic stress disorder) and positive psychological outcomes (resilient coping, wellbeing). Results: We found high rates of distress across all participants, exacerbated by severity of bushfire exposure. For people who were bushfire-affected, being older, having less financial stress, and having no or fewer pre-existing mental disorders predicted both lower distress and higher positive outcomes. Being male or having less income loss also predicted positive outcomes. Severity of exposure, higher education and higher COVID-19-related stressors predicted both higher distress and higher positive outcomes. Pre-existing physical health diagnosis and previous bushfire experience did not significantly predict distress or positive outcomes. Recommendations: To promote disaster resilience, we recommend investment in mental health, particularly for younger adults and for those in rural and remote areas. We also recommend investment in mechanisms to protect against financial distress and the development of a broader definition of bushfire-related impacts than is currently used to capture brushfires' far-reaching effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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39. Effectiveness of donor supported leadership development interventions intended to promote women's leadership in health in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review.

Author

Matenge, Sethunya, Sutarsa, I Nyoman, and Lancsar, Emily

Subjects
LEADERSHIP in women, LEADERSHIP training, MIDDLE-income countries, WOMEN'S health, GENDER inequality
Abstract

Women remain underrepresented in health leadership. Promoting women's leadership in development has resulted in the proliferation of donor-supported leadership development initiatives to address barriers to women's participation. There is limited evidence synthesis regarding their effectiveness. This scoping review aimed to summarise evidence regarding the efficacy of donor strategies in this field. Seven of 3365 studies were identified. Findings were overwhelmingly positive however there was an overreliance on anecdotal evidence, and short evaluation periods. Overall, evidence is lacking on the effectiveness of such initiatives. More robust evaluation designs are needed to determine best practices to overcome gender inequality in leadership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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