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Abstract Background 24-hour movement behaviors integrating physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), and sleep are important components influencing adults’ health. Canadian 24-hour movement guidelines for adults were launched in 2020. However, there is little evidence on the prevalence and correlates of guideline compliance and its associations with health outcomes among Chinese adults. The purposes of this study were to investigate the prevalence and correlates of meeting 24-hour movement guidelines and examine its association with physical fitness and depressive symptoms among Chinese adults. Methods A total of 7059 adults (45.73 ± 14.56 years, age range: 20–79 years, 52% female) were recruited by stratified cluster random sampling from health surveillance of Hubei, China, between 25-Jul and 19-Nov 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants completed a self-reported questionnaire including movement behaviors (PA, SB, and sleep), depressive symptoms, and demographic information. In addition, eight objectively measured physical fitness tests (body mass index, waist-hip ratio, body fat percentage, vital capacity, handgrip strength, flexibility, balance, and choice reaction time) were conducted. SPSS 28.0 was used to perform Generalized Linear Mixed Models analysis to examine the correlates of movement guidelines and its association with fitness and depressive symptoms. Results 25.54% of participants met all three movement guidelines, while 48.62% met only two, 23.10% met one, and 2.75% met none. Participants who were older adults (OR = 2.24; P = .017), unmarried (OR = 0.21; P .05). Conclusions The findings of this study indicate the need to promote adherence to all movement guidelines among Chinese adults. Future promoting strategies to meet movement guidelines should emphasize the demographic differences of the targeting population, especially age, marital status, and accessibility of PA facilities. Future interventions should be applied to affirm the effects of compliance with overall 24-hour movement guidelines to mitigate depressive symptoms among adults.

Abstract Background Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is the most common epileptogenic developmental malformation. The diagnosis of FCD is challenging. We generated a radiomics nomogram based on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to diagnose FCD and identify laterality early. Methods Forty-three patients treated between July 2017 and May 2022 with histopathologically confirmed FCD were retrospectively enrolled. The contralateral unaffected hemispheres were included as the control group. Therefore, 86 ROIs were finally included. Using January 2021 as the time cutoff, those admitted after January 2021 were included in the hold-out set (n = 20). The remaining patients were separated randomly (8:2 ratio) into training (n = 55) and validation (n = 11) sets. All preoperative and postoperative MR images, including T1-weighted (T1w), T2-weighted (T2w), fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), and combined (T1w + T2w + FLAIR) images, were included. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) was used to select features. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to develop the diagnosis model. The performance of the radiomic nomogram was evaluated with an area under the curve (AUC), net reclassification improvement (NRI), integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), calibration and clinical utility. Results The model-based radiomics features that were selected from combined sequences (T1w + T2w + FLAIR) had the highest performances in all models and showed better diagnostic performance than inexperienced radiologists in the training (AUCs: 0.847 VS. 0.664, p = 0.008), validation (AUC: 0.857 VS. 0.521, p = 0.155), and hold-out sets (AUCs: 0.828 VS. 0.571, p = 0.080). The positive values of NRI (0.402, 0.607, 0.424) and IDI (0.158, 0.264, 0.264) in the three sets indicated that the diagnostic performance of Model-Combined improved significantly. The radiomics nomogram fit well in calibration curves (p > 0.05), and decision curve analysis further confirmed the clinical usefulness of the nomogram. Additionally, the contrast (the radiomics feature) of the FCD lesions not only played a crucial role in the classifier but also had a significant correlation (r = -0.319, p

BackgroundThe long-term graft survival is closely related to its early status, yet the indices for assessing the early graft status are complex and lack quantitative values. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential of GcfDNA as a comprehensive, non-invasive, convenient, and quantifiable indicator for evaluating early graft status.MethodsIn this study, 138 recipients who underwent primary kidney transplantation were enrolled. Peripheral blood samples, each 10 mL, were collected on days 1 and 7 post-transplantation. The quantification of both the graft cell-free DNA (GcfDNA) fraction (%) and GcfDNA concentration (copies per milliliter, cp/mL) was performed using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR).ResultsFor most recipients, both the GcfDNA fraction and concentration had a rapid decline at 7 days post-transplantation, reaching median values of approximately 0.7% and 53.5 cp/mL, respectively. No significant associations were found between GcfDNA values and other clinical parameters. On the seventh postoperative day, we observed a significant elevation in GcfDNA concentration among recipients with eGFR values < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Additionally, notable increases were identified in both GcfDNA fraction and concentration variations within this specific subgroup. The findings of our study indicate a negative correlation between the concentration and fractional changes of GcfDNA on postoperative days 1 and 7, as well as the GcfDNA concentration on postoperative day 7, with eGFR within the 1–2 years post-transplantation period. The ROC curve of GcfDNA_Copies_Variation. day1-day 7 showed the highest AUC value AUC = 0.8006, with high sensitivity (90.14%) and specificity (77.61%), and PPV and NPV were 81.01% and 88.14%, respectively. Using four classical algorithm models, we found that the xgboost regression model achieved the best predictive performance (area under the curve (AUC) values = 0.862) for eGFR within 1–2 years post-transplantation, with high sensitivity (85.7%) and specificity (85%).ConclusionThe changes of GcfDNA levels in the early stage are closely related to kidney function within 1–2 years post-transplantation. As a comprehensive indicator of graft function, GcfDNA has great potential for clinical application.

Based on the waterflooding development in carbonate reservoirs in the Middle East, in order to solve the problem of the poor development effects caused by commingled injection and production, taking the thick bioclastic limestone reservoirs of Cretaceous in Iran-Iraq as an example, this paper proposes a balanced waterflooding development technology for thick and complex carbonate reservoirs. This technology includes the fine division of development units by concealed baffles and barriers, the combination of multi well type and multi well pattern, and the construction of balanced water injection and recovery system. Thick carbonate reservoirs in Iran-Iraq are characterized by extremely vertical heterogeneity, development of multi-genesis ultra-high permeability zones, and highly concealed baffles and barriers. Based on the technologies of identification, characterization, and sealing evaluation for concealed baffles and barriers, the balanced waterflooding development technology is proposed, and three types of balanced waterflooding development modes/techniques are formed, namely, conventional stratigraphic framework, fine stratigraphic framework, and deepened stratigraphic framework. Numerical simulations show that this technology is able to realize a fine and efficient waterflooding development to recover, in a balanced manner, the reserves of thick and complex carbonate reservoirs in Iran and Iraq. The proposed technology provides a reference for the development optimization of similar reservoirs.

In order to study the chemical constituents from Chloranthus henryi and their antitumor activities in vitro. The chemical constituents of ethyl acetate fraction, extracted with 95% ethanol from C. henryi were isolated and purified by silica gel column chromatography, reversed phase column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and preparation liquid chromatography, and their structures were identified by the physicochemical properties, spectral data combined with relevant literatures. The cytotoxic activities of these compounds were evaluated by MTT method. The results were as follows: (1) Twelve compounds were isolated and identified as pipercyclobutanamide C (1), chololactone A (2), sarcanolide B (3), oxacol A (4), chloramultiol D (5), chlorasessilifol B (6), chlorajaponol (7), tianmushanol (8), spicachlorantins B (9), spicachlorantins A (10), serrachlorin A (11), chloramultiols A (12). Among them, Compound 1 was identified as a new compound, and except for Compound 8, all the other compounds were isolated from the C. henryi for the first time. (2) The cytotoxic activity test results showed that only compounds 2 and 7 had good inhibitory effects on HeLa cells in vitro, while the other compounds showed no inhibition effects. The IC50 of the two compounds were (4.50±0.27) μmol·L-1 and (4.25±0.08) μmol·L-1 respectively. In conclusion, the study enriches the chemical constituents of C. henryi, and provides a reference for the further exploration and utilization of this Chloranthus herb plants.

In actual production, the cutting and crushing process is the result of multi action coupling. The bidirectional coupling technology of discrete element method (DEM) and multi bodydynamics (MBD) can achieve information exchange between coal mining equipment and coal wall. It is in line with actual production situations and has significant advantages. In order to improve the working performance of the shearer drum, based on the DEM-MBD bidirectional coupling mechanism, combined with mechanical performance experiments and simulation experiments to obtain actual operating parameters, a bidirectional coupling model of the shearer drum cutting coal wall is established using simulation software EDEM and RecurDyn. The torque and cutting force experienced by the drum during the simulation process are analyzed, and it is proved that the coupling effect and cutting effect are good. Single factor experiments and orthogonal experiments are designed to analyze the influence of drum operating parameters on working performance. SPSS software is used to obtain the degree of influence of drum speed, cutting depth, and traction speed on cutting specific energy consumption, coal loading rate, and load fluctuation coefficient. The feasibility of the model is verified through on-site experiments. A multi-objective optimization model is constructed with drum speed, cutting depth, and traction speed as decision variables, and cutting specific energy consumption, coal loading rate, and load fluctuation coefficient as objectives. The improved multi-objective gray wolf optimization (MOGWO) algorithm and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method are used to solve the model. It is found that when the drum speed is 31.12 r/min, the cutting depth is 639.4 mm, and the traction speed is 5.58 m/min, the working performance of the shearer drum is optimal. At this time, the cutting specific energy consumption is 0.467 7 kW·h/m3, the coal loading rate is 43.01%, and the load fluctuation coefficient is 0.327 8.

ObjectiveTo determine the resistance of adult Culex quinquefasciatus and Musca domestica to commonly used insecticides in Dazhu District of Chongqing in 2023， and provide scientific evidence for rational use of hygienic insecticides.MethodsDrug resistance was determined by using adult mosquito contact tube method and adult fly drop method.ResultsIn 2023， the 24-hour mortality rate of adult Culex quinquefasciatus in Dazu District， Chongqing， against permethrin （0.25%）， beta-cypermethrin （0.025%）， deltamethrin （0.025%）， malathion （5%） and propoxur （0.1%） was 37.35%， 21.92%， 28.33%， 96.43%， and 95.38%， respectively. The median lethal dose （LD50） value of female adult Musca domestica against beta-cypermethrin （95.8%）， chlorpyrifos （97%）， deltamethrin （90%） and dichlorvos （95%） was 2.572 μg， 0.329 μg， 0.406 μg， and 0.492 μg， respectively， with resistance of 829.68， 7.65， 53.42， and 46.42 folds to the above tested insecticides．ConclusionAdult Culex quinquefasciatus and Musca domestica in Dazu District show various degrees of resistance to commonly used insecticides. It warrants suspending the insecticides with high resistance， whereas mixedly and alternatively administering the insecticides with possible resistance and low resistance. Additionally， we should continue to monitor the resistance and guide the rational use of insecticides.

Abstract Combined straw and straw-derived biochar input is commonly applied by farmland management in low-fertility soils. Although straw return increases soil organic matter (SOM) contents, it also primes SOM mineralization. The mechanisms by which active microorganisms mineralize SOM and the underlying factors remain unclear for such soils. To address these issues, paddy soil was amended with 13C-labeled straw, with and without biochar (BC) or ferrihydrite (Fh), and incubated for 70 days under flooded conditions. Compound-specific 13C analysis of phospholipid fatty acids (13C-PLFAs) allowed us to identify active microbial communities utilizing the 13C-labeled straw and specific groups involved in SOM mineralization. Cumulative SOM mineralization increased by 61% and 27% in soils amended with Straw + BC and Straw + Fh + BC, respectively, compared to that with straw only. The total PLFA content was independent of the straw and biochar input. However, 13C-PLFAs contents increased by 35–82% after biochar addition, reflecting accelerated microbial turnover. Compared to that in soils without biochar addition, those with biochar had an altered microbial community composition-increased amounts of 13C-labeled gram-positive bacteria (13C-Gram +) and fungi, which were the main active microorganisms mineralizing SOM. Microbial reproduction and growth were susceptible to nutrient availability. 13C-Gram + and 13C-fungi increased with Olsen P but decreased with dissolved organic carbon and $${\text{NO}}_{3}^{ - }$$ NO 3 - contents. In conclusion, biochar acts as an electron shuttle, stimulates iron reduction, and releases organic carbon from soil minerals, which in turn increases SOM mineralization. Gram + and fungi were involved in straw decomposition in response to biochar application and responsible for SOM mineralization. Graphical Abstract

Monkeypox (mpox) outbreak in 2022 has caused more than 91,000 cases, has spread to 115 countries, regions, and territories, and has thus attracted much attention. The stability of poxvirus particles in the environment is recognized as an important factor in determining their transmission. However, few studies have investigated the persistence of poxviruses on material surfaces under various environmental conditions, and their sensitivity to biocides. Here, we systematically measured the stability of vaccinia virus (VACV) under different environmental conditions and sensitivity to inactivation methods via plaque assay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and Gaussia luciferase (G-luciferase) reporter system. The results show that VACV is stable on the surface of stainless steel, glass, clothing, plastic, towel, A4 paper, and tissue and persists much longer at 4 °C and −20 °C, but is effectively inactivated by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, heat treatment, and chemical reagents. Our study raises the awareness of long persistence of poxviruses in the environment and provides a simple solution to inactivate poxviruses using common disinfectants, which is expected to help the control and prevention of mpox virus and future poxvirus outbreaks.

Abstract Background Metastasis is the leading cause of death among prostate cancer (PCa) patients. Obesity is associated with both PCa-specific and all-cause mortality. High-fat diet (HFD) is a risk factor contributing to obesity. However, the association of HFD with PCa metastasis and its underlying mechanisms are unclear. Methods Tumor xenografts were conducted by intrasplenic injections. The ability of migration or invasion was detected by transwell assay. The expression levels of RPS27 were detected by QRT-PCR and western blot. Results The present study verified the increase in PCa metastasis caused by HFD in mice. Bioinformatics analysis demonstrated increased RPS27 in the experimentally induced PCa in HFD mice, indicating that it is an unfavorable prognostic factor. Intrasplenic injections were used to demonstrate that RPS27 overexpression promotes, while RPS27 knockdown significantly reduces, PCa liver metastasis. Moreover, RPS27 inhibition suppresses the effects of HFD on PCa metastasis. Further mRNA sequencing analysis revealed that RPS27 promotes PCa metastasis by selectively enhancing the expression of various genes. Conclusion Our findings indicate that HFD increases the risk of PCa metastasis by elevating RPS27 expression and, subsequently, the expression of genes involved in PRAD progression. Therefore, RPS27 may serve as a novel target for the diagnosis and treatment of metastatic PCa.

Environmental judicial adjudication is an essential component of the eco-environment governance system. The artificial intelligence large language model (AI-LLM), developed based on generative artificial intelligence, has offered significant opportunities for the environmental judicial adjudication to develop toward a higher level of smart adjudication. This study aims to promote the integration of AI-LLM technology with environmental judicial adjudication and promote the intelligent development of the environmental judicial adjudication. It explores the role and practical applications of AI-LLM in environmental judicial adjudication and summarizes prominent problems such as poor data quality, bias caused by algorithmic opacity, and limited capabilities for deep application. Using eco-environmental protection cases as an example, this study establishes a smart environmental judicial adjudication system based on AI-LLM and elaborates on the architecture design of the system and the technical elements involved. Furthermore, it proposes the following suggestions to promote the intelligent development of environment judicial adjudication: (1) emphasizing toplevel design and establishing a high-end think tank for environmental justice; (2) building an environmental justice data center to improve the judicial data standards system; (3) establishing an algorithmic governance mechanism to promote the fairness and justice in environmental judicial adjudication; and (4) improving the multiple accountability mechanism for environmental justice to strengthen the judicial supervision and management system.

δ-ferrite usually plays an important role in the mechanical properties of martensitic stainless steel. However, there are few studies on the effect of δ-ferrite on hydrogen embrittlement (HE) in martensitic steel. In this study, the H-trapping of δ-ferrite and the effect on the HE in martensitic stainless steel is investigated. The hydrogen distribution characteristics were observed by atomic force microscope scanning (AFM), and the related results show that the δ-ferrite, martensite and δ-ferrite/matrix (F/M) interface can act as hydrogen traps. The martensite and F/M interface has the higher hydrogen-trapping capability, hydrogen diffuses in δ-ferrite is faster than that of martensite. During deformation, Electron Back Scatter Diffraction (EBSD) observation shown that the exist of δ-ferrite can release the stress concentration caused by the poor deformation ability of martensitic grains, and further improve the resistance of HE. The results provide valuable insights into the behavior of δ-ferrite in the HE.

ObjectiveTo explore the variation rules and health risks of trihalomethane in regional drinking water， and to provide evidence for the innovative water processing technology and the optimization of drinking water quality.MethodsBased on regional drinking water sanitation monitoring， non-parametric rank sum test was used to analyze the effects of residual trihalomethane production in different periods and with disinfection methods. The United States environmental protection agency （USEPA） classic "four-step" health risk assessment model was used to evaluate the carcinogenic risk and non-carcinogenic risk of trihalomethane through drinking water exposure.ResultsThe yield of trichloromethane in wet season was 6.3 μg·L-1， which was higher than that in dry season. Compared with chlorination pretreatment， ozone pretreatment reduced the content of bromomethane dichloromethane. Compared to liquid chlorine disinfection， sodium hypochlorite treatment incresed the levels of trichloromethane and bromomethane chloride. Although the total carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of trihalomethane in drinking water in the region were at safe levels， they were above the acceptable limits occasionally. The highest carcinogenic risk of trihalomethane were dichlorobromomethane and chlorodibromomethane，and the highest non-carcinogenic risk was trichloromethane. The health risk of children was 1.2 times higher than that for adults.ConclusionThe production of residual trihalomethane in drinking water in this area is relatively low， which is less harmful to the health of adults and children. Monitoring， including other disinfection byproducts， should continue and appropriate disinfection techniques for drinking water should be explored.

Glioma, the most prevalent primary brain tumor in adults, is characterized by significant invasiveness and resistance. Current glioma treatments include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy, but these methods often fail to eliminate the tumor completely, leading to recurrence and poor prognosis. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, a class of commonly used immunotherapeutic drugs, have demonstrated excellent efficacy in treating various solid malignancies. Recent research has indicated that unconventional levels of expression of the MAP2K3 gene closely correlates with glioma malignancy, hinting it could be a potential immunotherapy target. Our study unveiled substantial involvement of MAP2K3 in gliomas, indicating the potential of the enzyme to serve as a prognostic biomarker related to immunity. Through the regulation of the infiltration of immune cells, MAP2K3 can affect the prognosis of patients with glioma. These discoveries establish a theoretical foundation for exploring the biological mechanisms underlying MAP2K3 and its potential applications in glioma treatment.

IntroductionNatural killer/T cell lymphoma (NKTL) is an aggressive malignancy associated with poor prognosis. This is largely due to limited treatment options, especially for relapsed patients. Immunotherapies like immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and anti-CD38 therapies have shown promising but variable clinical efficacies. Combining these therapies has been suggested to enhance efficacy.MethodsWe conducted a case study on a relapsed NKTL patient treated sequentially with anti-CD38 followed by ICI (anti-PD1) using cytometry analyses.Results and DiscussionOur analysis showed an expected depletion of peripheral CD38+ B cells following anti-CD38 treatment. Further analysis indicated that circulating anti-CD38 retained their function for up to 13 weeks post-administration. Anti-PD1 treatment triggered re-activation and upregulation of CD38 on the T cells. Consequently, these anti-PD1-activated T cells were depleted by residual circulating anti-CD38, rendering the ICI treatment ineffective. Finally, a meta-analysis confirmed this counterproductive effect, showing a reduced efficacy in patients undergoing combination therapy. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that sequential anti-CD38 followed by anti-PD1 therapy leads to a counterproductive outcome in NKTL patients. This suggests that the treatment sequence is antithetic and warrants re-evaluation for optimizing cancer immunotherapy strategies.

This research study focuses on the investigation of a three-dimensional reconstructed carbon coating based on stainless steel. The investigation encompasses the assessment of surface structure, elemental composition, cytotoxicity, and impact on wound healing. The findings indicate that the carbon coating possesses an approximate thickness of 700 nm, exhibiting a distinctive porous structure. Moreover, the surface water contact angle measures 97.7°, representing a 48.4° increase compared to uncoated stainless steel. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis confirms the uniform distribution of diverse elements on the coating’s surface. Additionally, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) verifies a substantial carbon accumulation. The electrical resistance of the stainless steel remains largely intact after the application of the coating, as demonstrated by the four-probe method. Notably, ex vivo porcine liver tissue cutting experiments using carbon-coated electrosurgical pencil electrodes showed a significant anti-adhesion effect, with a reduction in tissue adhesions of 81.3%. Furthermore, the MTT test indicates no significant cytotoxicity associated with the carbon coating. Rat skin-cutting experiments further validate that the coating does not impede the process of wound healing. Overall, this study successfully validated the desirable properties of stainless steel-based 3D reconstructed carbon coatings, such as enhanced surface properties, improved anti-adhesion efficacy, negligible cytotoxicity, and compatibility with wound healing. These findings are important for advancing medical device technology and improving patient outcomes.

Abstract Background Metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) remains fatal and incurable, despite a variety of treatments that can delay disease progression and prolong life. Immune checkpoint therapy is a promising treatment. However, emerging evidence suggests that exosomal programmed necrosis ligand 1 (PD‐L1) directly binds to PD‐1 on the surface of T cells in the drain lineage lymph nodes or neutralizes administered PD‐L1 antibodies, resulting in poor response to anti‐PD‐L1 therapy in mCRPC. Materials and Methods Western blotting and immunofluorescence were performed to compare PD‐L1 levels in exosomes derived from different prostate cancer cells. PC3 cells were subcutaneously injected into nude mice, and then ELISA assay was used to detect human specific PD‐L1 in exosomes purified from mouse serum. The function of CD8+ T cells was detected by T cell mediated tumor cell killing assay and FACS analysis. A subcutaneous xenograft model was established using mouse prostate cancer cell RM1, exosomes with or without PD‐L1 were injected every 3 days, and then tumor size and weight were analyzed to evaluate the effect of exosomal PD‐L1. Results Herein, we found that exosomal‐PD‐L1 was taken up by tumor cells expressing low levels of PD‐L1, thereby protecting them from T‐cell killing. Higher levels of PD‐L1 were detected in exosomes derived from the highly malignant prostate cancer PC3 and DU145 cell lines. Moreover, exosomal PD‐L1 was taken up by the PD‐L1‐low‐expressing LNCaP cell line and inhibited the killing function of CD8‐T cells on tumor cells. The growth rate of RM1‐derived subcutaneous tumors was decreased after knockdown of PD‐L1 in tumor cells, whereas the growth rate recovered following exosomal PD‐L1 tail vein injection. Furthermore, in the serum of mice with PCa subcutaneous tumors, PD‐L1 was mainly present on exosomes. Conclusion In summary, tumor cells share PD‐L1 synergistically against T cells through exosomes. Inhibition of exosome secretion or prevention of PD‐L1 sorting into exosomes may improve the therapeutic response of prostate tumors to anti‐PD‐L1 therapy.

Thrombotic complications of atrial fibrillation continue to pose a significant challenge in clinical practice today. Left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) has emerged as a promising alternative to oral anticoagulation for high-risk patients with atrial fibrillation. However, despite the potential benefits, there is still the possibility of life-threatening complications such as device dislocation. In this case study, we present a patient who experienced severe hemodynamic disturbances due to the embolization of LAAO device into the left ventricular outflow tract, resulting in a torn mitral valve and secondary massive mitral regurgitation, just 3 hours after the procedure. As a result, emergent surgical intervention was required to remove the device and repair the mitral valve. We also conducted a review of previous studies on the retrieval of dislodged left atrial appendage occluders through surgical procedures. It is crucial to maintain vigilance, foster interdisciplinary collaboration, and respond promptly to ensure the safety and efficacy of LAAO procedures.

Aims: Human exposure to high-altitude and/or low-temperature areas is increasing and cardiac arrest in these circumstances represents an increasing proportion of all treated cardiac arrests. However, little is known about the performance of automated external defibrillators (AED) in these circumstances. The objective of this study is to assess the functional and electrical features of 6 commercially available AEDs in extreme environments. Methods: Accuracy of shockable rhythm detection, the time required for self-test, rhythm analysis, and capacitor charging, together with total energy, peak voltage, peak current, and phasic duration of defibrillation waveform measured after placing the AEDs in simulated high-altitude, simulated low-temperature, and natural composite high-altitude and low-temperature environment for 30 min, were compared to those measured in the standard environment. Results: All of the shockable rhythms were correctly detected and all of the defibrillation shocks were successfully delivered by the AEDs. However, the time required for self-test, rhythm detection, and capacitor charging was shortened by 1.2% (3 AEDs, maximum 12.4%) in the simulated high-altitude environment, was prolonged by 3.6% (4 AEDs, maximum 40.8%) in the simulated low-temperature environment, and was prolonged by 4.1% (5 AEDs, maximum 52.1%) in the natural environment. Additionally, the total delivered energy was decreased by 2.5% (2 AEDs, maximum 6.8%) in the natural environment. Conclusion: All of the investigated AEDs functioned properly in simulated and natural environments, but a large variation in the functional and electrical feature change was observed. When performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation in extreme environments, the impact of environmental factors may need consideration.

Introduction: Leeches are flesh-eating and bloodsucking parasitic worms. They are being used as a traditional Chinese medicine for centuries in activating blood and dissolving statis, dreging the meridims and tick. Hirudin, an active peptide product present in leech, has blood anticoagulant property and can assist in the treatment of thrombosis and diseases related to blood circulation. The efficacy and potential mechanism of action of leeches in such diseases should be further explored. Materials and methods: First, network pharmacology was used to screen the predicted potential targets of the active constituents of leech and AS. The common targets of the active constituents of leech and AS were obtained using Venn diagram. Further, the drug-active-constituent–target network diagram, protein–protein interaction, and GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were used to construct the active-constituent–AS target–pathway network diagram. Subsequently, the protein–drug molecule docking model was drawn. Finally, the results of network pharmacology were validated using a mouse model of AS. Results: In total, 34 active constituents of leech and 1172 AS-related gene targets were selected, took the drug action targets and potential disease targets to get the common targets, and took the top 10 of degree value as the main active constituents for the treatment of atherosclerosis. There were 89 common targets and 12 core targets. The main targets included MAPK, EGFR, PIK3CB, etc. Potential regulatory pathways included cancer pathways, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance, Rap1 signaling pathway, PPAR signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway, and AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications. Animal experiments using mouse model of AS confirmed that AS plaques were smaller after treatment with leeches. SRC level was measured using western blotting. Expression of SRC in myocardial tissue was remarkably lower in the mice treated with leech than in the mice from model group fed on high-fat chow. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to explore the mechanism of action of the active components of leech in AS prevention. The active components of leeches play a coordinated role in preventing AS through multicomponent, multitarget, and multichannel mechanism of action related to inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and lipid metabolism. This study provided a reference for subsequent cellular and animal experiments.

In this comprehensive meta-analysis, our objective was to evaluate the diagnostic utility of graft-derived cell-free DNA (GcfDNA) in kidney allograft rejection and explore associated factors. We conducted a thorough search of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases, spanning from their inception to September 2022. Statistical analysis was executed utilizing Stata 15, Meta-DiSc 1.4, and Review Manager 5.4 software. The combined pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and the area under the summary receiver operating characteristics (SROC) curve from the synthesis of findings across ten studies were as follows: 0.75 (0.67–0.81), 0.78 (0.72–0.83), 3.36 (2.89–4.35), 0.32 (0.24–0.44), 8.77 (4.34–17.74), and 0.83 (0.80–0.86), respectively. Among the ten studies primarily focused on GcfDNA’s diagnostic potential for antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR), the optimal cut-off threshold demonstrated substantial diagnostic efficacy, with pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, DOR, and area under the summary receiver operating characteristics curve values of 0.83 (0.74–0.89), 0.75 (0.70–0.80), 3.37 (2.64–4.30), 0.23 (0.15–0.36), 14.65 (7.94–27.03), and 0.85 (0.82–0.88), respectively. These results underscore the high diagnostic accuracy of GcfDNA in detecting rejection. Furthermore, the optimal cut-off threshold proves effective in diagnosing ABMR, while a 1% threshold remains a robust diagnostic criterion for rejection. Notably, for ABMR diagnosis, droplet digital PCR digital droplet polymerase chain reaction emerges as a superior method in terms of accuracy when compared to other techniques. Nonetheless, further research is warranted to substantiate these findings.

In the implementation process of carbon capture and storage (CCS), the geomechanical problems arising from the cyclic injection of carbon dioxide into the formation cannot be ignored. To clarify the influence of cyclic loading on the geomechanics properties of reservoir rocks, cyclic loading tests were carried out on rocks in sandstone reservoirs with the RTR-2000 Rock Mechanics Test System, and the evolution of compressive strength, elastic modulus, and Poisson’s ratio parameters was analyzed, which revealed the law of the geomechanical deterioration and damage evolution of sandstone reservoirs under cyclic loading. The results show that under the same cyclic load, when the number of cycles is increased to a certain degree, the influence on the peak strength is small. As the number of cycles increases, the modulus of elasticity of rock appears to be increasing and then decreasing, whereas a rapid increase in Poisson’s ratio and a slow increase in Poisson’s ratio occur with the increase in the number of cycles. Under the same number of cycles, the peak strength of the core gradually decreased with the increase of the maximum cyclic stress. When the cyclic load was smaller than the yield stress of the core, the effect of cyclic loading on the strength of the core was small, and when the cyclic load was larger than the yield stress, the effect of cyclic loading on the strength increased significantly. With the increase of cyclic load, the modulus of elasticity showed a tendency to increase and then decrease, and Poisson’s ratio had a tendency of decreasing and the overall degree of change was small.

Abstract Vegetative phase change in plants is regulated by a gradual decline in the level of miR156 and a corresponding increase in the expression of its targets, SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL) genes. Gibberellin (GA), jasmonic acid (JA), and cytokinin (CK) regulate vegetative phase change by affecting genes in the miR156-SPL pathway. However, whether other phytohormones play a role in vegetative phase change remains unknown. Here, we show that a loss-of-function mutation in the brassinosteroid (BR) biosynthetic gene, DWARF5 (DWF5), delays vegetative phase change, and the defective phenotype is primarily attributable to reduced levels of SPL9 and miR172, and a corresponding increase in TARGET OF EAT1 (TOE1). We further show that GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE KINASE3 (GSK3)-like kinase BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE2 (BIN2) directly interacts with and phosphorylates SPL9 and TOE1 to cause subsequent proteolytic degradation. Therefore, BRs function to stabilize SPL9 and TOE1 simultaneously to regulate vegetative phase change in plants.

Abstract Purpose As a non-invasive tool for the assessment of cardiovascular autonomic function, the predictive value of heart rate variability (HRV) for sudden cardiac death (SCD) risk stratification remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the performance of the individualized heart rate (HR) adjusted HRV (HRVI) for SCD risk stratification in subjects with diverse risks. Methods A total of 11 commonly used HRV metrics were analyzed in 192 subjects, including 88 healthy controls (low risk group), 82 hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients (medium risk group), and 22 SCD victims (high risk group). The relationship between HRV metrics and HR was examined with long-term and short-term analysis. The performance HRVI was evaluated by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and covariance of variation (CV). Results Most of the HRV metrics were exponentially decayed with the increase of HR, while the exponential power coefficients were significantly different among groups. The HRVI metrics discriminated low, medium and high risk subjects with a median AUC of 0.72[0.11], which was considerably higher than that of the traditional long-term (0.63[0.04]) and short-term (0.58[0.05]) HRV without adjustment. The average CV of the HRVI metrics was also significantly lower than traditional short-term HRV metrics (0.09 ± 0.02 vs. 0.24 ± 0.13, p

Abstract Background Dealing with the giant pheochromocytomas (maximum diameter ≥ 6 cm) has long been a tough challenge for urologists. We introduced a new retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy method modified with renal-rotation techniques to treat giant pheochromocytomas. Methods 28 diagnosed patients were prospectively recruited as the intervention group. Meanwhile, by referring to the historical records in our database, matched patients who had undergone routine retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy (RA), transperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy (TA), or open adrenalectomy (OA) for giant pheochromocytomas were selected as controls. Perioperative and follow-up data were collected for comparative assessment. Results Among all the groups, the intervention group had the minimal bleeding volume (28.93 ± 25.94 ml, p

Objective To analyze the mortality characteristics and trends and the cause-eliminated life expectancy of gastric cancer in Harbin City from 1987 to 2019. Methods Mortality data of residents with gastric cancer from 1987 to 2019 in Harbin was analyzed to describe the mortality characteristics and trends of gastric cancer. Abridged life table and cause-eliminated life table were applied to calculate life expectancy and cause-eliminated life expectancy. Average annual percentage change (AAPC) was calculated with Joinpoint 4.2 software to evaluate the trends of mortality and cause-eliminated life expectancy of gastric cancer. Results From 1987 to 2019, the crude mortality, ASMRC and ASMRW and the truncated rate (35-64) were 14.3/105, 10.9/105, 10.9/105, and 13.5/105, respectively. The ASMRC showed an obvious decreasing trend at an average annual rate of 2.9% from 1987 to 2019 (95%CI: -4.4%--1.4%). Significant decreasing trends were observed for males (AAPC=-3.0%, 95%CI: -4.4%--1.7%) and females (AAPC=-3.1%, 95%CI: -5.3%--0.9%). An obvious decreasing trend in the ASMRW was also observed. The truncated rate (35-64) showed a downward trend (AAPC=-2.8%, 95%CI: -3.1%--2.5%). The average life expectancy of residents from 1987 to 2019 in Harbin were 76.78 years (male: 74.41 years, female: 79.33 years). After eliminating the causes of death of gastric cancer, the life expectancy increased by 0.25 years (male: 0.31 years, female: 0.18 years). Significant decreasing trends were found in the proportion of gastric cancer in all malignant cancer cases (AAPC=-0.18%, 95%CI: -2.0%--1.7%). Conclusion The mortality of gastric cancer decreases gradually from 1987 to 2019 in Harbin. After eliminating the causes of death of gastric cancer, the life expectancy increases by 0.25 years. Therefore, prevention and control should be strengthened.

Ground-based cloud images can provide information on weather and cloud conditions, which are important for cloud monitoring and PV power generation forecasting. Prediction of short-time cloud movement from images is a major means of intra-hourly irradiation forecasting for solar power generation and is also important for precipitation forecasting. However, there is a lack of advanced and complete methods for cloud movement prediction from ground-based cloud images, and traditional techniques based on image processing and motion vector calculations have difficulty in predicting cloud morphological changes, which makes accurate prediction of cloud motion (especially nonlinear motion) very challenging. Therefore, this paper proposes CloudpredNet, a ground-based cloud ultra-short-term movement prediction model based on an “encoder-generator” architecture. This paper also proposes a loss function dedicated to the time series prediction of ground-based cloud images and combines the attention mechanism to train the model. The model is validated on a publicly available dataset, and it is demonstrated that it has good performance in all metrics of cloud image generation for the next 10 minutes.

Background The kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) were diagnosed with Chronic Kidney Disease after transplantation (CKD-T). CKD-T can be affected by the microbial composition and metabolites. The present study integrates the analysis of gut microbiome and metabolites to further identify the characteristics of CKD-T.Methods We collected 100 fecal samples of KTRs and divided them into two groups according to the stage progression of CKD-T. Among them, 55 samples were analyzed by Hiseq sequencing, and 100 samples were used for non-targeted metabolomics analysis. The gut microbiome and metabolomics of KTRs were comprehensively characterized.Results As well as significant differences in gut microbiome diversity between the CKD G1-2T group and CKD G3T group. Eight flora including Akkermansia were found to be enriched in CKD G3T group. As compared with CKD G1-2T group, the relative abundance of some amino acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism and purine metabolism in CKD G3T group were differential expressed significantly. In addition, fecal metabolome analysis indicated that CKD G3T group had a unique metabolite distribution characteristic. Two differentially expressed metabolites, N-acetylornithine and 5-deoxy-5'-(Methylthio) Adenosine, were highly correlated with serum creatinine, eGFR and cystatin C. The enrichment of gut microbial function in CKD-T is correlated with the expression of gut metabolites.Conclusion Gut microbiome and metabolites in the progression of CKD-T display some unique distribution and expression characteristics. The composition of the gut microbiome and their metabolites appears to be different between patients with CKD G3T and those with CKD G1-2T.

Summary: Mpox is caused by a zoonotic virus belonging to the Orthopoxvirus genus and the Poxviridae family. In this study, we develop a recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA)-coupled CRISPR-Cas12a detection assay for the mpox virus. We design and test a series of CRISPR-derived RNAs(crRNAs) targeting the conserved D6R and E9L genes for orthopoxvirus and the unique N3R and N4R genes for mpox viruses. D6R crRNA-1 exhibits the most robust activity in detecting orthopoxviruses, and N4R crRNA-2 is able to distinguish the mpox virus from other orthopoxviruses. The Cas12a/crRNA assay alone presents a detection limit of 108 copies of viral DNA, whereas coupling RPA increases the detection limit to 1–10 copies. The one-tube RPA-Cas12a assay can, therefore, detect viral DNA as low as 1 copy within 30 min and holds the promise of providing point-of-care detection for mpox viral infection. Motivation: The rise of mpox cases in many previously non-endemic countries in 2022 prompted the WHO to declare mpox as a public health emergency of international concern. Since it is difficult to detect mpox at the early stage of infection, a rapid and accurate diagnostic assay for the mpox virus is essential to control its spread and enable timely treatment. Here, we present an RPA-Cas12a ribonucleoprotein-based method for rapid and sensitive detection of mpox.

Cold adaptation is essential to the protective effect of soft armor and other protective materials because of the potential for prolonged exposure to freezing conditions in service, while the properties of flexible matrices are always affected by low temperatures. To integrate the good protection efficiency and excellent anti-freezing properties, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), sodium alginate (SA), and glycerol (Gly) were selected to prepare a frigostable hydrogel in this study. Afterward, the hydrogel was laminated with aramid fabric to obtain a flexible anti-puncture composite that can be used at low temperatures. At −30 °C, the breaking strength and elongation of PVA/SA/Gly hydrogel reached 1.32 MPa and 330%, which was basically the same as at room temperature, indicating its excellent cold adaptation. Meanwhile, the maximum puncture resistance force and energy dissipation of the aramid/hydrogel composite at −30 °C were 56.88 N and 263.07 mJ, respectively, 289% and 184% higher than that of neat fabric, while the weight gain rate of the composite was only 40%. At room and low temperatures, the flexibility of the composite was only 5% and 8% lower than that of the neat fabric, respectively, and a helix shape of 360° could be formed and maintained under a small torsional force even at −30 °C.

Simultaneous realization of printing and holographic images has become an emerging and promising technology for optical storage and anti‐counterfeiting, which can significantly enhance the information capacity and security of an optical system. Herein, a non‐interleaved four‐channel metasurface based on opposite‐chirality‐coexisted meta‐atoms is proposed, which can simultaneously support four independent circular polarization (CP) information channels, including two near‐field printing channels and two far‐field holography channels. In addition, due to the chiral resonance properties, the operation frequencies of these four polarization channels can also be flexibly designed to simultaneously achieve polarization multiplexing and frequency multiplexing. As a proof of concept, two four‐channel metasurfaces, one of which works at a single frequency and the other works at two different frequencies, are designed and validated numerically and experimentally. It is shown in the results that two printing and two holographic images with different handedness can be stored at one frequency or two different frequencies through the flexible design of metasurface. This four‐channel metasurface provides a new avenue for the design of future photonic devices with highly integrated and multiple functionalities, and may have an advantage in diverse potential applications, such as advanced anti‐counterfeits, optical data storage, and image displays.

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the secondary neuronal damage after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs) has been shown to reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and NADPH oxidases (Nox) transcription. Vorinostat is an HDAC inhibitor. This study investigated the influence of vorinostat on neurological impairments in a rat model of TBI induced by lateral fluid percussion injury (LFPI). Different concentrations of vorinostat (5, 25, and 50 mg/kg) were administered via intraperitoneal injection. Neurological deficits were evaluated by modified neurological severity scoring (mNSS). Evans blue extravasation was performed to assess blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Morris water maze assay was performed to evaluate cognitive impairments. Protein levels were evaluated through ELISA and Western blot. Vorinostat was found to attenuate TBI induced brain edema and BBB permeability in rats. Vorinostat also alleviated TBI-induced neurological impairments and anxiety-like behavior in rats. Vorinostat attenuated TBI induced apoptosis and oxidative stresses in ipsilateral injury cortical tissue. Vorinostat inhibited HDAC1, HDAC3, and Nox4 while activated AMPK signaling in ipsilateral injury cortical tissue. In conclusion, administration of vorinostat alleviates the secondary damage of TBI in rat model. The oxidative stress in the ipsilateral injury cortical tissues is decreased by the inhibition of Nox4 expression and the activation of AMPK.

Abstract Background Previous studies demonstrate a reduced risk of thrombosis and mortality with anticoagulant treatment in patients with COVID-19 than in those without anticoagulation treatment. However, an open question regarding the efficacy and safety of therapeutic anticoagulation (T-AC) versus a lower dose, prophylaxis anticoagulation (P-AC) in COVID-19 patients is still controversial. Methods We systematically reviewed currently available randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and observational studies (OBs) from January 8, 2019, to January 8, 2022, and compared prophylactic and therapeutic anticoagulant treatment in COVID-19 patients. The primary outcomes were risk of mortality, major bleeding, and the secondary outcomes included venous and arterial thromboembolism. Subgroup analysis was also performed between critically ill and non-critically ill patients with COVID-19 and between patients with higher and lower levels of D-dimer. Sensitivity analysis was performed to decrease the bias and the impact of population heterogeneity. Results We identified 11 RCTs and 17 OBs fulfilling our inclusion criteria. In the RCTs analyses, there was no statistically significant difference in the relative risk of mortality between COVID-19 patients with T-AC treatment and those treated with P-AC (RR 0.95, 95% CI, 0.78–1.15, P = 0.60). Similar results were also found in the OBs analyses (RR 1.21, 95% CI, 0.98–1.49, P = 0.08). The pooling meta-analysis using a random-effects model combined with effect sizes showed that in the RCTs and OBs analyses, patients with COVID-19 who received T-AC treatment had a significantly higher relative risk of the major bleeding event than those with P-AC treatment in COVID-19 patients (RCTs: RR 1.76, 95% CI, 1.19–2.62, P = 0.005; OBs: RR 2.39, 95% CI, 1.56–3.68, P

In this paper, Acer truncatum seed meal was hydrolyzed by alkaline protease method. The enzymatic hydrolysis time, enzyme dosage, pH, enzymatic hydrolysis temperature and solid-liquid ratio were investigated, and the yield of enzymatic hydrolysis polypeptide was taken as the evaluation index. On the basis of the single-factor experiments and the Box-Behnken central combination experimental design, the preparation process of alkaline protease hydrolyzed polypeptide of Acer truncatum seed meal was optimized. The amino acid composition, water absorption, oil absorption, foaming, emulsifying and surface hydrophobicity of the enzymatic hydrolyzed peptides were characterized. The results showed that the optimal enzymatic hydrolysis process was as follows: enzymatic hydrolysis time 3.3 h, pH10, enzyme dosage 3%, enzymatic hydrolysis temperature 55 ℃. Under the optimum preparation conditions, the yield of peptides hydrolyzed by alkaline protease from Acer truncatum seed meal was 40.13%±0.15%. The analysis of amino acid composition showed that the amount of eight essential amino acids contained in the enzymatic hydrolysis polypeptide was as high as 20.3%, which was much higher than the amount of essential amino acids recommended by FAO. In addition, the oil absorption of enzymatic hydrolysis polypeptide (4.553 g/g) was higher than that of soybean protein (2.61 g/g), its surface hydrophobicity (1365.3) was similar to that of soybean 7S globulin, and its emulsifying property and emulsifying stability were slightly lower than that of soybean protein isolate. The alkaline protease hydrolyzed polypeptide of Acer truncatum seed meal obtained in this study had good functional characteristics, which also showed that it could be used as a potential functional component in food, providing data and theoretical support for the new application and development of Acer truncatum seed meal.

This paper reports findings of a qualitative study that compared the implementation of teaching practicum for primary school teachers in China, Cambodia and Malawi. The study used semi-structured interviews and document analysis. Data sources included policy documents, interviews and literature. The systems theory was employed to make explicit the implementation of teaching practicum, including processes and challenges. Findings show different approaches of teaching practicum in the three countries determined by different environmental expectations, all emphasizing providing student teachers with diverse learning experiences. The study also sheds light on some of the challenges of teaching practicum. These findings underpin the importance of local school authorities in ensuring effective teaching practicum.

A concentric circle target is commonly used in the vision measurement system for its detection accuracy and robustness. To enhance the camera calibration accuracy, this paper proposes an improved calibration method that utilizes concentric circle grids as the calibration target. The method involves accurately locating the imaged center and optimizing camera parameters. The imaged concentric circle center obtained by cross-ratio invariance is not affected by perspective projection, which ensures the location accuracy of the feature point. Subsequently, the impact of lens distortion on camera calibration is comprehensively investigated. The sub-pixel coordinates of imaged centers are taken into the iterative calibration method, and camera parameters are updated. Through simulations and real experiments, the proposed method effectively reduces the residual error and improves the accuracy of camera parameters.

In view of existing problems, such as the seed and fertilizer supply link for wheat seeders still relying on manual installation and the lack of practical application equipment, a seed–fertilizer replenishment device based on the three-degree-of-freedom mechanical arm and screw conveying principle is designed using the seed box installation and supply as the operation scenario to replace the manual installation process. Combined with the requirements of the seed box replenishment operation, the key parameters of the replenishment robot arm and the screw conveyor auger are determined. Then, the kinematic model of the replenishment robot arm is established based on the modified D-H method, forward and inverse kinematics calculations are performed, and the workspace is analyzed using the Monte Carlo method. Based on this, the robotic arm task path is designed, the fifth-degree polynomial interpolation method is used to complete the trajectory planning, and MATLAB R2016a software is used to simulate the motion trajectories of each joint, verifying the feasibility of the trajectory planning solution. Finally, a prototype is trial-produced and quadratic regression orthogonal testing and response surface analyses are conducted to obtain the optimal working parameters of the replenishment device. The verification test shows that when the angular velocity of the lumbar joint of the replenishment device is 4°/s, the speed of screw conveyor is 90 r/min, and the angle of the big arm is 12°, the conveying loss rate is 3.98%, and the conveying efficiency is 0.833 kg/s. The relative errors with the theoretical optimal values are 4.2% and 2.4%, respectively, both less than 5%. The supply trajectory is reasonable, and the robot arm runs smoothly. This study can provide reference for the design of seed–fertilizer replenishment device for wheat seeders.

The use of water resources for energy generation has become increasingly prevalent, encompassing the conversion of kinetic energy from streams, tides, and waves into renewable electrical power. Water energy sources offer numerous benefits, including widespread availability, stability, and the absence of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions, making them a clean and environmentally friendly form of energy. In this work, we develop a droplet-based liquid–solid triboelectric nanogenerator (LS-TENG) using sophisticatedly designed inflatable columnar structures with inner and outer dual-electrodes. This device can be utilized to harvest both the internal droplet-rolling mechanical energy and the external droplet-falling mechanical energy, capable of being assembled into various structures for versatile applications. The design incorporates a combined structure of both internal and external TENG to optimize output performance via multiple energy harvesting strategies. The internal structure features a dual-electrode columnar-shaped LS-TENG, designed to harvest fluid kinetic energy from water droplets. By leveraging the back-and-forth motion of a small amount of water within the air column, mechanical energy can be readily collected, achieving a maximum mass power density of 9.02 W·Kg ^−1 and an energy conversion efficiency of 10.358%. The external component is a droplet-based LS-TENG, which utilizes a double-layer capacitor switch effect elucidated with an equivalent circuit model. Remarkably, without the need for pre-charging, a single droplet can generate over 140 V of high voltage, achieving a maximum power density of 7.35 W·m ^−2 and an energy conversion efficiency of 22.058%. The combined LS-TENG with a sophisticated inflatable columnar structure can simultaneously collect multiple types of energy with high efficacy, exhibiting great significance in potential applications such as TENG aeration rollers, inflatable lifejacket, wind energy harvesting, TENG tents, and green houses.

We investigate spectral broadening in TiO2 seeded by > 2 W, τ0.5 = 26 fs, 23 MHz pulses from a Cr:ZnS amplifier. We generate pulses covering spectrum from 1.1 to 3.2 µm at the -20-dB level at 1.3 W. © 2024 The Author(s)

IntroductionRecently, the incidence of chlamydial pneumonia caused by rare pathogens such as C. psittaci or C. abortus has shown a significant upward trend. The non-specific clinical manifestations and the limitations of traditional pathogen identification methods determine that chlamydial pneumonia is likely to be poorly diagnosed or even misdiagnosed, and may further result in delayed treatment or unnecessary antibiotic use. mNGS's non-preference and high sensitivity give us the opportunity to obtain more sensitive detection results than traditional methods for rare pathogens such as C. psittaci or C. abortus. MethodsIn the present study, we investigated both the pathogenic profile characteristics and the lower respiratory tract microbiota of pneumonia patients with different chlamydial infection patterns using mNGS.ResultsMore co-infecting pathogens were found to be detectable in clinical samples from patients infected with C. psittaci compared to C. abortus, suggesting that patients infected with C. psittaci may have a higher risk of mixed infection, which in turn leads to more severe clinical symptoms and a longer disease course cycle. Further, we also used mNGS data to analyze for the first time the characteristic differences in the lower respiratory tract microbiota of patients with and without chlamydial pneumonia, the impact of the pattern of Chlamydia infection on the lower respiratory tract microbiota, and the clinical relevance of these characteristics. Significantly different profiles of lower respiratory tract microbiota and microecological diversity were found among different clinical subgroups, and in particular, mixed infections with C. psittaci and C. abortus resulted in lower lung microbiota diversity, suggesting that chlamydial infections shape the unique lung microbiota pathology, while mixed infections with different Chlamydia may have important effects on the composition and diversity of the lung microbiota. DiscussionThe present study provides possible evidences supporting the close correlation between chlamydial infection, altered microbial diversity in patients' lungs and clinical parameters associated with infection or inflammation in patients, which also provides a new research direction to better understand the pathogenic mechanisms of pulmonary infections caused by Chlamydia.

Introduction: Amplitude spectrum area (AMSA) is a well-established measure than can predict defibrillation outcome and guiding individualized resuscitation of ventricular fibrillation (VF) patients. However, accurate AMSA can only be calculated during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) pause due to artifacts produced by chest compression (CC). In this study, we developed a real-time AMSA estimation algorithm using a convolutional neural network (CNN).Methods: Data were collected from 698 patients, and the AMSA calculated from the uncorrupted signals served as the true value for both uncorrupted and the adjacent corrupted signals. An architecture consisting of a 6-layer 1D CNN and 3 fully connected layers was developed for AMSA estimation. A 5-fold cross-validation procedure was used to train, validate and optimize the algorithm. An independent testing set comprised of simulated data, real-life CC corrupted data, and preshock data was used to evaluate the performance.Results: The mean absolute error, root mean square error, percentage root mean square difference and correlation coefficient were 2.182/1.951 mVHz, 2.957/2.574 mVHz, 22.887/28.649% and 0.804/0.888 for simulated and real-life testing data, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve regarding predicting defibrillation success was 0.835, which was comparable to that of 0.849 using the true value of the AMSA.Conclusions: AMSA can be accurately estimated during uninterrupted CPR using the proposed method.

Crowded living conditions and increasingly severe noise problems necessitate the development of a low-thickness sound absorption material with remarkable sound absorption performance. Here, simple materials such as sodium alginate aerogel (SA) and polyurethane (PU) foam are used to combine with special 3D spacer fabric to design an innovative highly-efficient acoustic absorber composite (B&M−L composite). It integrates a “backing cavity-like” (BC-L) structure and “filled-microperforated plate-like” (MPP-L) structure. Thereby, it realizes porous and resonant sound absorption at a small thickness. The superior structure design combining strong resonance with porous structure endows the new type of composite with a remarkable absorption performance. Specifically, the peak absorption coefficient is 0.98, the average absorption coefficient at a thickness of 10 mm is 0.71, and the noise reduction coefficient per unit thickness of B&M−L composites exceeds those of most of the reported sound absorption materials. Based on its remarkable acoustic performance, good mechanical properties, heat insulation performance, and thermal stability, the B&M−L composite provides a convenient and inexpensive method to improve the overall performance of porous sound absorption materials, and displays significant potential for use in the fields of construction, transportation, and large mechanical equipment.

Nanosilica (NS) may be obtained as a by-product in several industrial processes and is associated with high availability and affordability among other nanoadditives. NS has been used for asphalt modification, and improvement in high-temperature performance and several other physical properties has been reported. However, due to the wide varieties and intrinsic variability of asphalt materials, concerns have been raised about the reproducibility of some conclusions, and therefore, a review was conducted. According to the results, NS additives with a purity of over 99% were usually used for modification and the specific surface area was over 100 m2/g, leading to the superior absorption of asphalt and thus improvement in rutting resistance of the mixtures. Due to a lack of guidance for the blending procedures, inconsistency exists among studies in the shear speed, blending duration, and temperature, leading to possible excessive blending and unnecessary energy and time consumption. Rises in NS concentration would cause higher softening point and rotational viscosity, and therefore elevated temperatures for mixing and paving, but penetration would be reduced. According to rheological evaluations, with the rise of NS concentration, the rutting parameter would increase, indicating an improvement in the high-temperature performance, but the low-temperature performance may deteriorate.

Background: Metabolic reprogramming is an important player in the prognosis of cancer patients. However, metabolism-related genes (MRGs) that are essential to the prognosis of bladder cancer (BLCA) are nor yet fully understood. The purpose of this study is to use bioinformatics methods to establish prognostic models based on MRGs in BLCA to screen potential biomarkers. Methods: Based on the transcriptomic data from BLCA patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases, we identified the differentially expressed genes related to metabolism and analyzed the functional enrichment by edgeR package. A prognostic model was generated using univariate Cox regression analysis and validated using GEO dataset. The prognostic risk model was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier curve. The single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) revealed the gene interaction networks and traced the development trajectories of distinct cell lineages. The levels of key metabolism-related biomarkers in vitro were verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results: We screened 201 differentially expressed metabolism-related genes (DEMRGs), which were significantly enriched in oxidative phosphorylation. The risk model was constructed by 5 biomarkers. qRT-PCR analysis verified that there is a significant higher expression of FASN and MTHFD1L in carcinoma tissue. Conclusions: This study constructed a novel prognostic model based on a combination of clinical and molecular factors that related to metabolic reprogramming, which has the potential to improve the prediction of independent prognosis indicators and management of BLCA patients, leading to better treatment outcomes and survival rates.

In order to solve the problems of poor skin-friendly softness, poor application effect, easy oxidation of active nutrients and waste of essence of traditional paste mask, a water-soluble moisturizing micro-nano fiber mask was prepared from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), silk peptide and hyaluronic acid by electrostatic spinning, and the effect of spinning parameters on the microstructure were investigated. The water solubility and contact angle of micro-nano fiber mask that made under the optimal technological parameters were tested, and three different alginate fiber mask substrates were selected as receiving substrates to prepare composite micro-nano fiber mask and test its moisturizing effect. The results show that when the mass fraction of PVA is 12%, the mass ratio of PVA, silk peptide and hyaluronic acid in the solution is 6∶1∶1, the spinning voltage is 20 kV, the feeding rate is 0.4 mL/h, the receiving distance is 18 cm, and the roller speed is 300 r/min, the micro-nano fiber mask with smooth surface and uniform diameter can be obtained. With good hydrophilicity, the mask can be dissolved in water completely at 12 s; the compound mask based on modified seaweed fiber mask has outstanding hydrating and moisturizing effect, the skin moisture content can be increased to about 60% within 15min of sticking.

IntroductionAs a pigment protein, phycocyanin has been widely used in the fields of food, nutraceutical and biotechnology due to its excellent biological activities of antioxidant. So far, Arthrospira has been generally considered as a great species for phycocyanin production.MethodsIn this study, independent and interactive effect of three factors, NaCl, Bainengsi (BS) and Bainengtai (BT) on microalgae growth and phycocyanin production were explored by response surface methodology (RSM). Using Box-Behnken design (BBD) method, the well-fitting quadratic models were established based on experimental results.ResultsMoreover, the maximum phycocyanin concentration reached 704.66 mg L-1 at the optimal condition (185 mM NaCl, 200 mg L-1 BS, and 20 mg L-1 BT), while the maximum phycocyanin content of 19.03% was obtained at another optimal condition (136 mM NaCl, 200 mg L-1 BS, and 50 mg L-1 BT). Compared to control, the concentration and content of phycocyanin were increased by 22.98% and 16.73%, respectively.DiscussionOverall, this study demonstrated that addition of exogenous substances (BS, BT) into culture medium optimized by RSM was an effective approach to increase phycocyanin production, which paved a potential way to realizing high efficient production of algal biomass and bioactive substances.

SERINC5 is a multi-span transmembrane protein that is incorporated into HIV-1 particles in producing cells and inhibits HIV-1 entry. Multiple retroviruses like HIV-1, equine infectious anemia virus and murine leukemia virus are subject to SERINC5 inhibition, while HIV-1 pseudotyped with envelope glycoproteins of vesicular stomatitis virus and Ebola virus are resistant to SERINC5. The antiviral spectrum and the underlying mechanisms of SERINC5 restriction are not completely understood. Here we show that SERINC5 inhibits influenza A virus infection by targeting virus-cell membrane fusion at an early step of infection. Further results show that different influenza hemagglutinin (HA) subtypes exhibit diverse sensitivities to SERINC5 restriction. Analysis of the amino acid sequences of influenza HA1 strains indicates that HA glycosylation sites correlate with the sensitivity of influenza HA to SERINC5, and the inhibitory effect of SERINC5 was lost when certain HA glycosylation sites were mutated. Our study not only expands the antiviral spectrum of SERINC5, but also reveals the role of viral envelope glycosylation in resisting SERINC5 restriction.