16,299 results on '"LICHENS"'
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2. Hydrogen production capabilities of lichens micro-ecosystem under extreme salinity, crystalline salt exposure, and simulated Mars-like conditions.
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Fanara, Maria, Papazi, Aikaterini, Pirintsos, Stergios, and Kotzabasis, Kiriakos
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CHLOROPHYLL spectra , *SEA salt , *HYDROGEN production , *ATMOSPHERIC pressure , *THERMAL conductivity , *EXTREME environments , *EFFECT of salt on plants - Abstract
This work aims to demonstrate the extremophilic behavior of the lichen Pleurosticta acetabulum at extreme salinities, while maintaining its metabolic capacity to produce hydrogen. Lichen is a special micro-ecosystem that includes mostly a fungus and a green alga or cyanobacterium, as well as a microbiome. The peculiarity of this symbiotic system is its ability to dry out completely and stay inactive to survive harsh conditions. Lichens that had been dehydrated for six months revived quickly when rehydrated, restoring their photosynthetic efficiency and ability to produce hydrogen. The lichen microbiome was crucial for hydrogen production, especially through dark fermentation. The experiments of this work showed that lichen during its exposure to different salinity conditions (0 %NaCl – control, 3,5 %NaCl – sea salt concentration, 36 %NaCl – saturated salt concentration), but also after exposure to crystalline salt (100 %NaCl) could maintain the structure and the functionality of its photosynthetic apparatus. This was tested using chlorophyll a fluorescence induction measurements. Based on the results from gas chromatography with thermal conductivity detection (GC-TCD) used to determine hydrogen production, it was shown that despite being exposed to extreme salinity conditions, lichens maintained their ability to produce hydrogen. The experimental combination of lichen exposure to extreme salinities (up to 100 % NaCl), with an extreme atmosphere (100 % CO 2) and low atmospheric pressure (<10mbar), simulating Mars conditions, highlighted the functional potential of the lichen for survival in a Mars-like environment. This lichen's ability to withstand extreme conditions and to produce large amounts of hydrogen, makes it a promising candidate for future biotechnological applications, even in challenging environments like Mars, opening new astrobiological and astrobiotechnological perspectives. • Behavior of the lichen Pleurosticta acetabulum under extreme salinity conditions. • Lichens produce H 2 even under extreme salinity and Mars-like conditions. • Astrobiotechnological applications of lichen micro-ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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3. Lithic bacterial communities: ecological aspects focusing on Tintenstrich communities.
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Pittino, Francesca, Fink, Sabine, Oliveira, Juliana, Janssen, Elisabeth M.-L., and Scheidegger, Christoph
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SILICEOUS rocks ,BIOTIC communities ,EXTREME environments ,CARBONATE rocks ,SURFACE structure - Abstract
Tintenstrich communities (TCs) mainly comprise Cyanobacteria developing on rock substrates and forming physical structures that are strictly connected to the rock itself. Endolithic and epilithic bacterial communities are important because they contribute to nutrient release within run-off waters flowing on the rock surface. Despite TCs being ubiquitous, little information about their ecology and main characteristics is available. In this study, we characterized the bacterial communities of rock surfaces of TCs in Switzerland through Illumina sequencing. We investigated their bacterial community composition on two substrate types (siliceous rocks [SRs] and carbonate rocks [CRs]) through multivariate models. Our results show that Cyanobacteria and Proteobacteria are the predominant phyla in this environment. Bacterial α -diversity was higher on CRs than on SRs, and the β -diversity of SRs varied with changes in rock surface structure. In this study, we provide novel insights into the bacterial community composition of TCs, their differences from other lithic communities, and the effects of the rock substrate and structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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4. Peltigera lichens as sources of uncharacterized cultured basidiomycete yeasts.
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Pérez, Yosbany, Almendras, Katerin, Millanes, Ana M., Serey, Nayla, Yurkov, Andrey, Lizana, Natalia, Nesci, Andrea, Fessia, Aluminé, and Orlando, Julieta
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FUNGAL communities , *BASIDIOMYCETES , *ASCOMYCETES , *YEAST , *LIFE sciences , *LICHENS - Abstract
Lichens represent one of the most successful examples of symbiosis. They are constituted by the association between a dominant fungus (i.e., the mycobiont), one or more photosynthetic partners (algae or cyanobacteria), and harbor an array of associated microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi. The associated fungal communities in lichens, known as the "lichen mycobiome", are composed of both ascomycetes and basidiomycetes, including filamentous and yeast taxa. Recently, basidiomycete yeasts have received considerable attention as a much-overlooked source of diversity within the lichen mycobiome, with hypothesized roles in lichen symbiosis. This study surveyed the diversity of cultivable basidiomycete yeasts associated with Peltigera lichens across southern Chile. A phylogenetic study based on sequences of 179 yeast isolates allowed the identification of 29 taxa from 13 genera in the classes Agaricostilbomycetes, Cystobasidiomycetes, Microbotryomycetes, and Tremellomycetes, with the latter being the most represented. This research revealed several yeast species, including members of the genera Boekhoutia andGoffeauzyma, in lichens for the first time, thereby expanding our understanding of lichen-associated fungal diversity. In addition, four new cultivable species isolated from Peltigera are formally described. These are Boekhoutia peltigerae sp. nov., Cystobasidium chilense sp. nov., Genolevuria patagonica sp. nov. and Pseudotremella navarinensis sp. nov. These results highlight the role of lichens as reservoirs of uncharacterized basidiomycete yeasts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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5. Bryoclavula dryalisepiplutea sp. nov. (Hydnaceae: Cantharellales), a new lichenized basidiomycete from East Texas.
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Quedensley, Taylor S., Widhelm, Todd J., Distefano, Isabel, and Wade, Heaven
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Bryoclavula dryalisepiplutea, a new lichenized basidiomycete, is described from Fort Boggy State Park in Leon County, Texas. U.S.A., and represents the second species in the genus outside of Japan, and a first record for a lichenized basidiomycete for Texas. Morphological observations and phylogenetic analyses of the nuclear ITS and nrLSU regions using maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses supports placement within Bryoclavula (Hydnaceae: Cantharellales), and distinct from the previously described species, B. phycophila, from Japan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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6. Bacterial phylotypes associated with rock-dwelling Umbilicaria Lichens from Arctic/Subarctic areas in North America and Northern Europe.
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He, Zichen, Naganuma, Takeshi, Faluaburu, Merry Sailonga, Nakai, Ryosuke, Kanda, Hiroshi, Uchida, Masaki, Imura, Satoshi, and Hahn, Martin W.
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BACTERIAL metabolism , *SPECIES diversity , *BACTERIAL communities , *FUNGAL genes , *NUCLEOTIDE sequencing , *LICHENS , *BACTERIAL diversity - Abstract
The diversity of bacteria associated with lichens has received increasing attention. However, studies based on next-generation sequencing of microbiomes have not yet been conducted in the Arctic and Subarctic regions. In this study, rock-dwelling lichens belonging to the Umbilicariaceae family were sampled from the Arctic and Subarctic biological zones. The primary research purpose was to undertake a comparative investigation of the bacterial composition and diversity, identify potential indicators, and explore their potential metabolic pathways. 18S rRNA gene sequences of the fungal partner belonging to the genus Umbilicaria (Ascomycota) and the algal partner affiliated with the lineage Trebouxia (Chlorophyta). Comparing Umbilicaria spp. with a previous study in the Antarctic zone, the fungal partners were more inclined to cluster by sampling region. Operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were established based on a predetermined similarity threshold for V3-V4 sequences, which were ascribed to 19 bacterial phyla, and ten of them were consistently present in all samples. The most distinct zonal indicator genera based on OTU frequencies from Arctic and Subarctic lichens were Capsulimonas (Armatimonadota) and Jatrophihabitans (Actinomycota), respectively. Although the Subarctic zone had higher biodiversity and species richness based on alpha-diversity, the beta-diversity showed that the main species of bacterial communities were not significantly different, and the predictions of metabolic pathways based on the bacterial microbiome in lichen samples from the two zones were similar. These findings provide evidence that the geographical and/or bioclimatic environment and the different lichen-forming fungal species mainly and partially influence bacterial microbiomes and metabolic pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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7. Toward the first Red List of Latvian lichens according to the IUCN criteria.
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Degtjarenko, Polina, Kaupuža, Renāte, Motiejūnaitė, Jurga, Randlane, Tiina, and Moisejevs, Rolands
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ENDANGERED species , *FOREST management , *LICHENS , *FORESTS & forestry , *SPECIES - Abstract
Lichens are well-known bioindicators and exhibit high sensitivity to environmental changes due to their unique biological characteristics. Despite their ecological significance, lichens are often overlooked in conservation policies both at the European Union (EU) and global levels. The situation is better at the level of national Red Lists that can provide candidate species for regional or global Red Lists, thereby helping to prioritize conservation efforts. To fill a gap at the national level, this article presents the comprehensive data of the Red List of Latvian lichens. For the first time, IUCN threat categories and criteria were applied to assess 85 lichenized and one lichenicolous fungus during 2022–2023. Of these species, 3 were classified as Least Concern (LC), 2 as Data Deficient (DD), 11 as Near Threatened (NT), and 68 were ascribed the threatened categories: 14 to Vulnerable (VU), 27 to Endangered (EN), 27 to Critically Endangered (CR). The majority of Latvian lichens categorized as threatened or near threatened inhabit woodlands, particularly old-growth forests, which face the primary threat of intensive forest management. This article emphasizes the importance of continued evaluation efforts, while also addressing challenges associated with data scarcity and limited lichenological research capacity in Latvia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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8. Cryptogams as bio-indicators for ecosystem monitoring in Sri Lanka: a comprehensive review and recommendations.
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Dilrukshi, H. A. C., Ruklani, N. C. S., and Rubasinghe, S. C. K.
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Cryptogams, encompassing algae, fungi, lichens, bryophytes, and pteridophytes play essential roles in soil formation, nutrient cycling, and ecological stability. Sri Lanka faces numerous environmental challenges, including habitat loss, climate change, and pollution and there is an urgent need for effective monitoring programs to assess and mitigate these changes. This comprehensive review compiles existing literature on the importance of cryptogams and their responses to various environmental stressors and highlights the specific characteristics that make cryptogams valuable bio-indicators, such as their sensitivity to pollution, climate change, and land-use changes in habitats such as forests, agricultural lands, and urban areas, as well as their ability to accumulate and retain pollutants over time. The diversity of cryptogams is integral to their effectiveness as bio-indicators, providing a comprehensive picture of ecosystem health. Furthermore, recommendations for the development of monitoring programs are provided for different areas in the country. These recommendations include establishing baseline data for cryptogam diversity and abundance and incorporating the integration of modern molecular techniques such as DNA barcoding which are widely used in biodiversity monitoring programs to track the responses of cryptogams to environmental changes. This review seeks to emphasize the importance of cryptogams in ecosystem health assessment raising awareness among policymakers, researchers, and conservationists in Sri Lanka. Through the implementation of effective monitoring programs, we can enhance our understanding of local ecosystem dynamics, improve conservation efforts, and contribute to the sustainable management of Sri Lanka's natural resources in the face of ongoing environmental changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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9. Determination of Lichens' Bioaccumulation Capacity for Radioactive Isotopes Under Laboratory Conditions as a Basis for Their Application as Biomonitors.
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Saniewski, Michał, Węgrzyn, Michał Hubert, Fałowska, Patrycja, Dziurowicz, Patrycja, Waszkiewicz, Karolina, and Zalewska, Tamara
- Abstract
This study investigates the bioaccumulation capacity of the lichen Cladonia uncialis for radioactive isotopes, aiming to establish its potential as a biomonitor. Conducted under controlled laboratory conditions, the experiment utilised gamma-emitting isotopes to simulate fallout. The lichens were exposed to varying concentrations of these isotopes in three aquariums. The results demonstrated that the bioaccumulation of
54 Mn,57 Co,60 Co,65 Zn,137 Cs, and241 Am by C. uncialis was proportional to their initial deposition levels, and this occurred in the first days of the experiment. Analysis of isotope activity in washed and unwashed lichens showed that retention primarily occurred intracellularly, indicating effective bioaccumulation. The study derived the Aggregated Transfer Coefficient (Tag) for each isotope, which ranged from 0.34 to 0.64, and the absorption capacity of the elements increased in the following order:54 Mn <57 Co <60 Co ≤65 Zn <241 Am <137 Cs. Absorption efficiency, amounting to approximately 50% for137 Cs and241 Am, highlights the potential for lichens to serve as reliable biomonitors for environmental monitoring and estimation of deposition when knowing only the activity of the isotopes in lichen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2024
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10. Two new species of Lecaimmeria (lichenized Ascomycota, Lecideaceae) from Asia.
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Asghar, Hafiza Simab, Nadeem, Muhammad, Oryakhil, Naqibullah, Fayyaz, Iram, Niazi, Abdul Rehman, Afshan, Najam-ul-Sehar, Naseer, Arooj, and Khalid, Abdul Nasir
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Two new species of the lichen genus Lecaimmeria are described and illustrated from Pakistan, namely, Lecaimmeria asiatica and L. crispula. The former taxon is characterized by pale brown to dark brown thallus, up to 2-mm large areoles, flat to strongly convex apothecial disc, taller hymenium 120–150 µm, apically branched, not anastomosing paraphyses, large conidia 5–7 × 1.1–1.4 µm, with respect to ecology, and the absence of secondary metabolites, whereas L. crispula can be characterized by having a light brown to chocolate brown thallus, apothecia having flat to slightly concave discs with wavy margins that curl inward, a tall hymenium150–180 μm, branched and anastomosing paraphyses, large ascospores 25–33 × 12–17 μm, and absence of secondary metabolites. A phylogenetic analysis is provided based on nrITS and nrLSU sequences that support the separation of both novel species. Comparative analyses with related species of Lecaimmeria are provided to confirm the status of these species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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11. Tundra plant communities along the mesotopographic gradient in NE Finland.
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Kuusisto, Inka, Huttunen, Sanna, and Virtanen, Risto
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PLANT communities , *MULTIDIMENSIONAL scaling , *MOUNTAIN plants , *PLANT anatomy , *VASCULAR plants , *TUNDRAS - Abstract
In this study, we describe plant communities along the mesotopographic gradient in the low‐elevation subcontinental mountains of NE Finland (Utsjoki region). We sampled vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens along 18 mesotopographic ridge‐snowbed transects comprising a total of 180 plots. We used non‐metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination with envfit to explore the differentiation of plant communities in relation to mesotopography, elevation, rock cover, cover of bare ground, snowbed size and snowmelt time. The classification of communities was performed using DIANA clustering. Plant communities were differentiated along the mesotopographic gradient, snowmelt time, elevation and rock cover. The DIANA analysis distinguished seven clusters corresponding to the following communities:
Betula nana–Lichenes heath,Empetrum–Myrtillus–Stereocaulon heath,Empetrum–Pleurozium–Lichenes heath, graminoid‐rich snow‐protected heath,Oreojuncus trifidus –Avenella flexuosa snow‐protected heath,Polytrichastrum sexangulare– liverwort snowbed, andSalix herbacea–Kiaeria starkei snowbed. Because of the strong impact of snowmelt time on plant community structure and distribution of communities, it is likely that climate change‐induced changes in snow conditions are affecting tundra vegetation and especially snowbeds are threatened. Snowbed communities in the Utsjoki region roughly align with previously described vegetation associations of mountain areas in NW Europe. The assignment of the graminoid‐rich snow‐protected heath community remains uncertain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2024
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12. 厚基衣属 (文字衣科) 地衣一新种.
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崔 璨, 蒋树浩, 李 洋, 郝成悦, and 贾泽峰
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BIOLOGICAL classification ,ASCOSPORES ,THALLUS ,SPECIES ,CRYSTALS ,LICHENS - Abstract
Copyright of Mycosystema is the property of Mycosystema Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...
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- 2024
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13. A geospatial dataset of lichen key attributes in the Earth's three poles.
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Alatan, Zhula, Wu, Wenjin, Li, Xinwu, Zhao, Liqing, Guo, Huadong, Li, Jinfeng, and Hao, Chengzhi
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REMOTE sensing ,LICHENS ,LONGITUDE ,TIBETANS ,LATITUDE - Abstract
In the Antarctic, Arctic, and Tibetan Plateau—recognized as the Earth's three poles characterized by extremely harsh environments—lichens prevail in the ecosystem and play crucial roles as pioneer species. Despite their importance, studies investigating the spatial distribution patterns of lichen attributes are scarce due to a lack of appropriate datasets. To bridge this gap and enhance our understanding of the growth preferences of lichens in these areas, here we present a geospatial dataset encompassing key attributes of lichens, such as color type and growth form, for over 2800 lichen species and 170,000 in-situ lichen records. The dataset facilitates the creation of the first spatial distribution map illustrating the variation of lichen attributes across different latitudes and longitudes. This can serve as a foundational resource for studies on the relationship between lichen types and their growing environment, which is a vital scientific question in the ecology domain. Additionally, it can contribute to the development of specialized remote sensing technique tailored for lichen monitoring, which is currently lacking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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14. Bagliettoa A. Massal. (Verrucariaceae): A New Generic Record of Lichenized Fungi for India.
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Kumar, Vishal, Upreti, Dalip Kumar, Nayaka, Sanjeeva, and Sharma, Yash Pal
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LICHEN classification , *HERBARIA , *SPECIES , *BIODIVERSITY , *FUNGI - Abstract
ABSTRACT The lichen genus Bagliettoa A. Massal. is being reported for the first time from India, represented by B. baldensis (A. Massal.) Vězda, B. calciseda (DC.) Gueidan & Cl. Roux, and B. limborioides A. Massal. Previously, specimens belonging to this genus were erroneously identified as species of Awasthiella and Verrucaria at herbarium LWG. Detailed descriptions, illustrations, notes on distribution and ecology, and a comparison with related species are provided along with a key to facilitate their identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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15. Exploring winter diet, gut microbiota and parasitism in caribou using multi-marker metabarcoding of fecal DNA.
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Nagati, Mélissande, Bergeron, Marie-Josée, Gagné, Patrick, Arsenault, André, Droit, Arnaud, Wilson, Paul, Pittoello, Gigi, Kutz, Susan, Manseau, Micheline, and Martineau, Christine
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In conservation strategies, getting precise and repeatable information on the species’ diet and health without relying on invasive or laborious methods is challenging. Here, we developed an efficient and non-invasive workflow for the sequencing and analysis of four taxonomic markers from fecal DNA to characterize the gut microbiota, parasites, and plants and lichens composing the winter diet of caribou (Rangifer tarandus), Canada’s most iconic endangered species. Sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene of eukaryotes from seven locations in Manitoba and Saskatchewan, Canada, allowed for the detection of five genera of parasites in caribou feces (including Nematodirella and Parelaphostrongylus) with variable frequency of occurrence depending on sampling location and sex. Our workflow also revealed a rich winter plant and lichen diet in caribou, with respectively 29 and 18 genera identified across all samples through plant and fungal ITS2 sequencing. Relationships between the gut microbiota and both the diet and parasite richness were also identified. Of note, the Central Saskatchewan sampling location was characterized by a clearly distinct gut microbiota which could be linked to an epiphytic lichen-rich diet. Overall, our results showed the potential of this multi-marker DNA metabarcoding workflow as an efficient tool to provide insights into the species biology and ecology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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16. Effects of Use of Some Lichen Species as Plant Nutrient on Metabolic Properties and Growth Parameters of Corn Plant (Zea mays L.).
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Aslan, Ali, Emsen, Bugrahan, Susar, Ali, Keçe, Yusuf Murat, and Güneş, Adem
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SUSTAINABLE agriculture , *PLANTING , *ORGANIC acids , *AMINO acids , *PLANT nutrients ,CORN growth - Abstract
Lichens contain a sufficient amount of plant nutrients for plant growth. Studies have shown that the characteristic secondary metabolites they produce contain significant amounts of organic acids, amino acids, and hormones. This study aims to examine the effects of 10 different lichen species Aspicilia calcarea (A. calcarea), Cetraria islandica (C. islandica), Cladonia furcate (C. furcate), Flavoparmelia caperata (F. caperata), Lobaria pulmonaria (L. pulmonaria), Pseudevernia furfuracea (P. furfuracea), Rhizoplaca chrsoleuca (R. chrsoleuca), Umbilicaria vellea (U. vellaa), Xanthoparmelia somloensis (X. somloensis), Usnea longissima (U. longissima) on metabolic properties and growth parameters of maize plant for possible use as a plant food source in sustainable and organic agriculture. As a result of the research, it was observed that when lichen species were applied as plant nutrients, there were significant increases in plant height, plant weight, dry matter ratio, some nutrient content and amino acid levels of maize compared to the control group. Among the treatments, Lobaria pulmonaria application at 5 g/kg resulted in the highest values for plant height (145.00 cm), plant weight (187.00 g), and dry matter ratio (19.21%). The research shows that different lichen species significantly affect the amino acid content, nutrient content, and growth parameters of the maize plant at various levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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17. Metabolites from the Andean paramo lichen Cladonia cf. didyma and their effect as photoprotective and antioxidant agents.
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Núñez-Arango, Lissy M., Rojas, José L., Valencia-Islas, Norma A., Cerbón, Marco, and González-Sánchez, Ignacio
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METABOLITES ,THALLUS ,LICHENS ,PEROXIDATION ,ACETONE - Abstract
5α,8α-peroxyergosteryl divaricatinate (1) is isolated for the first time from acetone extract of the thallus of Cladonia cf. didyma together with condidymic (2), isodidymic (3) and barbatic (4) acids. Their UVB/UVA photoprotective and antioxidant activities were determined along with their cyto- and DNA-protecting actions against OH• damage. Compound 1 showed high UVA, cyto- (%cell viability ca. 82 at 15 µM vs 71 for OH•) and DNA (%DNA-integrity ca. 74 at 100 µM vs 22 for OH•) protecting properties. Compounds 2 and 3 exhibited high UVB (SPF ca. 40) and antioxidant activities (free radical scavenging potency EC
50 = 0.6694 and 1.700 mol compound/mol DPPH•; ferric reducing power 0.392 and 0.546, at 500 ppm and inhibited lipid peroxidation); protecting cells (%cell viability ca. 76 at 15 µM) and DNA (%DNA-integrity ca. 57 at 100 µM). Compounds 1 to 3 fulfilled some physicochemical properties to act topically on the skin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2024
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18. The relationship between the vaginal and vulvar microbiomes and lichen sclerosus symptoms in post-menopausal women.
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Taylor, Oluwatobiloba A., Birse, Kenzie D., Hill, D.'Atra J., Knodel, Samantha, Noel-Romas, Laura, Myers, Anna, Marino, Jean, Burgener, Adam D., Pope, Rachel, and Farr Zuend, Christina
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LICHEN sclerosus et atrophicus , *POSTMENOPAUSE , *VULVAR cancer , *SEXUAL dysfunction , *ACTINOMYCES , *LICHENS - Abstract
Lichen sclerosus is a chronic inflammatory condition of unknown etiology that affects the genital and extragenital skin, which can lead to sexual dysfunction and has been associated with vulvar cancer. The vaginal microbiome has a critical role in gynecologic health, but little is known about the microbiome in lichen sclerosus. This study investigated the vaginal and vulvar microbiomes of 27 post-menopausal women with lichen sclerosus. The most abundant genera detected in the vaginal microbiome were Lactobacillus, Gardnerella, and Anaerococcus, while Lactobacillus, Anaerococcus, and Staphylococcus were the most abundant in the vulvar microbiome. The vaginal samples clustered into two main groups, Lactobacillus dominant (n = 6, > 50% microbiome Lactobacillus) and polymicrobial (n = 21) with no dominant genus. The vulvar samples were mainly polymicrobial (n = 25). Actinomyces, Anaerococcus, and Ezakiella in the vaginal microbiome and Actinomyces and Ezakiella in the vulvar microbiome were significantly associated with lichen sclerosus symptoms (adjusted p < 0.05). In this population of post-menopausal women with lichen sclerosus the majority have diverse, non-Lactobacillus dominant microbiomes, which is considered less optimal for gynecologic health based on studies of pre-menopausal women. Actinomyces, Ezakiella, and Anaerococcus were associated with lichen sclerosus symptoms. Understanding the role of these bacteria in lichen sclerosus pathogenesis will be an essential future investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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19. Hydroxydiorygmone A, a New Guaiane-Sesquiterpene from the Cultured Lichen Mycobiont of Diorygma sp.
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Nguyen, Ngoc-Hong, Duong, Thuc-Huy, Duong, Gia-Huy, Nguyen, Huy Truong, Nguyen, Thi-Hoai-Thu, Phan, Nguyen-Hong-Nhi, Vo, Thi-Phi-Giao, Tran, Thi-Minh-Dinh, and Nguyen, Thi-Phuong
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CYTOTOXINS , *NITRIC oxide , *CELL lines , *SESQUITERPENES , *LICHENS - Abstract
Objective: Cultured mycobiont of the Vietnamese crustose-lichen Diorygma sp. has been chemically investigated. Biological activities including cytotoxicity against HepG2 cell line, α -glucosidase inhibition, and nitric oxide inhibitory activity were evaluated. Methods: Extensive spectroscopic methods (NMR and ECD) and HRESI mass data were employed for structural elucidation. These isolates were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against HepG2 cell line, α -glucosidase inhibition, and inhibitory activity toward nitric oxide production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Results: Four compounds (1–4), including a new guaiane-sesquiterpene, hydroxydiorygmone A (1), along with three known analogues, diorygmones A and B (2 and 3) and pruinosone (4), were isolated and characterized. Compound 1 showed moderate α-glucosidase inhibition with an IC50 value of 160 ± 2.2 µM and significant inhibitory activity toward nitric oxide production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells with an IC50 value of 8.11 ± 0.21 µM. Others were inactive in α-glucosidase inhibitory and nitric oxide inhibitory tests. Conclusion: A new guaiane-sesquiterpene, hydroxydiorygmone A (1) was isolated and showed moderate α-glucosidase inhibition with an IC50 value of 160 ± 2.2 µM and significant inhibitory activity toward nitric oxide production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells with an IC50 value of 8.11 ± 0.21 µM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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20. Climbing route development affects cliff vascular plants more than subsequent climbing: A guide to evidence‐based conservation management to regulate climbing.
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Morales‐Armijo, Felipe, Sobrevilla‐Covarrubias, Andrea, Estrada‐Castillón, Eduardo, Escudero, Adrián, Scheepens, J. F., Lorite, Juan, and March‐Salas, Martí
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NATURE reserves , *ENDEMIC plants , *ENDANGERED species , *SPECIES diversity , *VASCULAR plants - Abstract
Cliff ecosystems provide refuge to 35%–66% of the world's endemic plants. However, they face growing threats from sport climbing. Evidence suggests that unclimbed cliffs harbour approximately twice the plant richness compared with climbed cliffs, with increasing impact as climbing intensity increases. Unfortunately, it remains unknown whether the climbing impact on cliff vegetation originates from the development (opening) of climbing routes or from temporal changes resulting from subsequent climbing.We recorded cliff vascular plants and lichens at the protected natural area of El Potrero Chico (Mexico) before and after the development of new climbing routes. Subsequently, we re‐recorded the routes at sequential timepoints after 10, 20, and 30 ascents. Additionally, we examined whether the abundance of cliff vegetation influences the extent of climbing impact and whether the surroundings of the routes were also affected.We found that the opening of climbing routes exerted the strongest negative effects on cliff plants, reducing species richness by 38%, while subsequent ascents generated a minimal impact. Worryingly, route opening affected not only species richness in the route itself but also the surroundings of the routes. After 30 ascents, cliff plant abundance decreased by 60.6% within the bolted routes, whereas it decreased by 42.3% in the surroundings. However, this impact depended on the original cliff vegetation abundance. Lichen cover showed a gradual decrease, indicating that cliff‐dwelling lichens are affected not only by the opening of the route but also by subsequent ascents.Synthesis and applications: Given the almost non‐existent regulation of outdoor climbing activities in most countries, we urge the implementation of a conservation management protocol that defines clear strategies to regulate climbing activities and preserve pristine cliffs. On yet unclimbed cliffs with narrow endemic, rare, or threatened species, we propose banning the establishment of new climbing areas. On climbed cliffs lacking protected species, dynamic management actions should be implemented, such as setting a maximum number of routes that can be established and defining limits of acceptable change as climbing intensity increases. The proposed conservation management should help to halt the loss of unique cliff biodiversity and safeguard pristine cliff ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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21. Lichen morphospecies diversity and community composition across the Tswalu Kalahari Reserve, South Africa.
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Ward, Danielle A., Adhikari, Sutapa, Struwig, Madeleen, Skikne, Sarah, Fryday, Alan, Smith, Dylan, and Rajakaruna, Nishanta
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SPECIES diversity , *LICHENS , *SOLAR radiation , *CRYPTOGAMS , *BIOTIC communities - Abstract
• This project represents the first study of lichens at the Tswalu Kalahari Reserve. • 49 morphospecies occur across four localities. • Crustose growth forms, green algal photobionts, and sexual reproductive structures were the most commonly observed traits. • Diversity and community composition differed across distinct sites and substrates. • Environmental variables did not conclusively explain differences in diversity. The Tswalu Kalahari Reserve in the Northern Cape Province of South Africa has no previously published data on its lichen biota, which reflects the broader status of lichenology in South Africa. It is estimated that nearly half of the country's lichen species remain undescribed. Consequently, this study aimed to gather baseline data on lichen diversity and distribution across the reserve. We quantified morphological and functional diversity, characterized lichen communities, and analyzed relationships between lichen diversity and environmental variables (northness, coverage, elevation, insolation, site, substrate type, and substrate texture) using morphospecies concepts. We documented 49 morphospecies across three habitats in the Tswalu Kalahari Reserve, including at least one species that is new to science (Caloplaca tswaluensis Fryday, S. Svoboda & D. A. Ward; Fryday et al. in press) and another (Trapeliopsis glaucolepidea (Nyl.) Gotth. Schneid.) that had not previously been reported from Africa. Overall, we recorded lower diversity in corticolous (bark dwelling) lichen communities compared to saxicolous (rock dwelling) lichen communities. However, we did not find a significant effect of any measured environmental variable on saxicolous species richness. This preliminary study underscores the need for further investigation of the diverse, unrecorded lichen diversity that likely exists in other areas of the country as well as the differences in lichen communities on bark and rock substrates. This study also shows that morphospecies concepts can be informative and accessible approaches for exploratory lichen studies, particularly in regions with relatively understudied cryptogam communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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22. Vascular plant taxonomic and functional richness differentially affect non‐vascular photoautotroph communities.
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Cárdenas‐Henao, Mariana and Stanton, Daniel E.
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- *
ECOSYSTEM dynamics , *ECOLOGICAL disturbances , *STRUCTURAL equation modeling , *PLANT diversity , *VASCULAR plants - Abstract
Despite their ecological significance, non‐vascular photoautotrophs (NVPs) are frequently excluded from ecological experimental studies, leading to a limited comprehension of how their communities are affected by the ecosystem dynamics and an underestimation of their role in ecosystem functioning. We studied the impact of vascular plant taxonomic and functional diversity on three groups of ground NVPs (lichens, bryophytes, and cyanobacteria) within one of the longest‐running plant biodiversity experiments (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function at Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve). Utilizing the permanent plot framework of this experiment, we analyzed the effects of almost 30 years of treatment across various levels of vascular plant taxonomic and functional diversity on NVPs. For each diversity level we documented NVP cover and richness. Using generalized linear models we evaluated the effect of vascular plant taxonomic and functional diversity, as well as environmental factors affected by vascular diversity (such as vascular plant cover, light penetration, soil nutrient content, and microtopography) on NVP richness and cover. Using these models, we conducted structural equation modeling analyses (SEM) that allowed us to differentiate the direct and indirect impacts of vascular plant taxonomic and functional diversity on NVPs. Our results showed that both lichen and bryophyte richness and cover decreased with higher vascular plant taxonomic and functional diversity, while cyanobacteria cover increased as a function of the same parameters. We also showed that microtopography serves as better predictor for lichens and bryophytes, while nutrient‐related factors perform better as predictors for cyanobacteria. Additionally, our findings indicate that NVP cover ranged from 0.001% to 100% (mean 15%) in the surveyed plots, representing a major, still ignored, component of the experimental plots. This study shows that vascular plant diversity directly and indirectly affects NVP communities, but the consequences of these effects at community and ecosystem levels are still to be explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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23. In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Volatile Compounds from the Lichen Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf. Against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria and Fish Pathogens.
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Essadki, Yasser, Hilmi, Adel, Cascajosa-Lira, Antonio, Girão, Mariana, Darrag, El Mehdi, Martins, Rosário, Romane, Abderrahmane, El Amrani Zerrifi, Soukaina, Mugani, Richard, Tazart, Zakaria, Redouane, El Mahdi, Jos, Angeles, Cameán, Ana M., Vasconcelos, Vitor, Campos, Alexandre, El Khalloufi, Fatima, Oudra, Brahim, Barakate, Mustapha, and Carvalho, Maria de Fátima more...
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FISH pathogens ,SECONDARY metabolism ,CYCLIC compounds ,ANTI-infective agents ,LICHENS ,CANDIDA albicans - Abstract
Lichens are symbiotic organisms with unique secondary metabolism. Various metabolites from lichens have shown antimicrobial activity. Nevertheless, very few studies have investigated the antimicrobial potential of the volatile compounds they produce. This study investigates the chemical composition and antimicrobial properties of volatile compounds from Pseudevernia furfuracea collected in two regions of Morocco. Hydrodistillation was used to obtain volatile compounds from samples collected in the High Atlas and Middle Atlas. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified phenolic cyclic compounds as the primary constituents, with atraric acid and chloroatranol being the most abundant. Additionally, eight compounds were detected in lichens for the first time. The antimicrobial activity of these compounds was assessed using disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods. Both samples demonstrated significant antimicrobial effects against multidrug-resistant human bacteria, reference microorganisms, fish pathogens, and Candida albicans, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 1000 µg/mL to 31.25 µg/mL. This study provides the first report on the volatile compounds from Pseudevernia furfuracea and their antimicrobial effects, particularly against fish pathogens, suggesting their potential as novel antimicrobial agents for human and veterinary use. Further research is warranted to explore these findings in more detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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24. Analysis of the Diversity of Corticolous Lichens Associated with Tree Trunks in the Understories of Four Tropical Dry Forests of the Atlántico Department in Colombia.
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España-Puccini, Pierine, Gómez, Juan P., Muñoz-Acevedo, Amner, Posada-Echeverría, Daniel, and Martínez-Habibe, María C.
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TROPICAL dry forests ,TREE trunks ,ECOSYSTEM health ,PROTECTED areas ,LICHENS - Abstract
Tropical dry forests (TDFs) are unique ecosystems with high biodiversity, including a rich variety of lichen species. Lichens are sensitive to environmental changes and can serve as bioindicators of ecosystem health. This study examined the diversity of lichen communities at four TDF sites in the Atlántico Department of Colombia. More than 700 tree lichen specimens were collected and identified at the four sites. A total of 135 species of lichens were identified, of which 19 are possibly undescribed. The most diverse sites were Usiacurí and Repelón, both protected areas with relatively well-preserved forests. The findings of this study demonstrate that the Atlántico TDFs host a large diversity of lichens, with a significant number of records of new species. The observed differences in species composition between sites highlight the importance of habitat heterogeneity and anthropogenic pressures on lichen communities. The results emphasize the need for conservation strategies to protect these ecologically valuable lichen communities within the Atlántico TDFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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25. The Effects of the Selective Removal of Adjacent Trees on the Diversity of Oak-Hosted Epiphytes and Tree-Related Microhabitats.
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Liepiņa, Agnese Anta, Jansone, Diāna, Elferts, Didzis, Barone, Ilze, Donis, Jānis, and Jansons, Āris
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ENGLISH oak ,FOREST management ,EVIDENCE-based management ,SPECIES diversity ,FOREST biodiversity - Abstract
Restoration efforts to maintain oak-dominated habitats and enhance biodiversity often employ selective thinning, but its long-term effect on multiple taxa remains unclear. This study examines the effects of halo thinning around pedunculate oak on epiphytic and tree-related microhabitat (TreM) diversity in the boreal–nemoral forest zone. We revisited nine sites in Latvia with 150–331-year-old oaks, where thinning was conducted in 2003–2004. Epiphyte species composition and cover were assessed, and TreMs were evaluated using standardised methods. Diversity indices (Hill numbers, q = 0; 1; 2; 3) and statistical models (LMMs, Poisson GLMMs) were used to analyse the effects of thinning on species richness and TreM occurrence. Halo thinning over the past 20 years has not caused significant differences in epiphyte or TreM diversity, though managed trees exhibited a higher occurrence of the most common microhabitats. These findings suggest halo thinning may enhance specific TreM features but do not substantially promote epiphyte and TreM diversity. Future research should implement systematic monitoring, deriving the relationships between the conditions after the thinning and their effects, thus serving as the basis for adaptive habitat management strategies. Expanding the scope of such studies is essential for developing evidence-based forest management strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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26. Exploring winter diet, gut microbiota and parasitism in caribou using multi-marker metabarcoding of fecal DNA
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Mélissande Nagati, Marie-Josée Bergeron, Patrick Gagné, André Arsenault, Arnaud Droit, Paul Wilson, Gigi Pittoello, Susan Kutz, Micheline Manseau, and Christine Martineau
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Fecal DNA ,Metabarcoding ,Gut microbiota ,Lichens ,Caribou parasites ,Rangifer tarandus ,Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract In conservation strategies, getting precise and repeatable information on the species’ diet and health without relying on invasive or laborious methods is challenging. Here, we developed an efficient and non-invasive workflow for the sequencing and analysis of four taxonomic markers from fecal DNA to characterize the gut microbiota, parasites, and plants and lichens composing the winter diet of caribou (Rangifer tarandus), Canada’s most iconic endangered species. Sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene of eukaryotes from seven locations in Manitoba and Saskatchewan, Canada, allowed for the detection of five genera of parasites in caribou feces (including Nematodirella and Parelaphostrongylus) with variable frequency of occurrence depending on sampling location and sex. Our workflow also revealed a rich winter plant and lichen diet in caribou, with respectively 29 and 18 genera identified across all samples through plant and fungal ITS2 sequencing. Relationships between the gut microbiota and both the diet and parasite richness were also identified. Of note, the Central Saskatchewan sampling location was characterized by a clearly distinct gut microbiota which could be linked to an epiphytic lichen-rich diet. Overall, our results showed the potential of this multi-marker DNA metabarcoding workflow as an efficient tool to provide insights into the species biology and ecology. more...
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- 2024
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27. Lichens of the eastern slope of Berutarube volcano, Iturup Island (the Kuril Islands, Far East of Russia)
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Ezhkin, Alexander K. and Romanyuk, Fedor A.
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solfataric activity ,lichens ,tolerant species ,biodiversity ,northeast asia ,Dynamic and structural geology ,QE500-639.5 ,Stratigraphy ,QE640-699 ,Engineering geology. Rock mechanics. Soil mechanics. Underground construction ,TA703-712 ,Petrology ,QE420-499 - Abstract
The paper presents an annotated list of lichens of the eastern slope of Berutarube volcano, one of the most inaccessible and poorly studied active volcanoes on Iturup Island. Samples of lichens were collected in August 2023 from eroded areas in the summit part of the volcano, as well as on the eastern slope along the Andrey Creek, in the upper reaches of which unnamed cold acidic springs discharge. In total, 53 species of lichens were identified from the sampling sites, of which 20 species were new to Iturup Island, 2 species were new to the Kuril Islands, and 1 species was new to the Sakhalin region. In the summit part of the volcano, lichens typical for areas of volcanic activity were identified: Cladonia crispata, Cladonia straminea, Huea confluens, Lecidea plana, Melanelia stygia, Pseudephebe pubescens, Rhizocarpon badioatrum, and Umbilicaria torrefacta. The influence of the solfataric gases of the volcano on the lichen biota of the Andrey Creek valley has not been revealed, which allows us to make the assumption that there is no direct influence of the products of the solfataric activity of Berutarube volcano on the natural environment of its eastern slopes. more...
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- 2024
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28. The symbiotic alga Trebouxia fuels a coherent soil ecosystem on the landscape scale in the Atacama Desert
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Patrick Jung, Rebekah Brand, Laura Briegel-Williams, Lina Werner, Emily Jost, Guillaume Lentendu, David Singer, Rujuta Athavale, Dennis J. Nürnberg, Fernando D. Alfaro, Burkhard Büdel, and Michael Lakatos more...
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Lichens ,Mycobionts ,Photobionts ,Caliciaceae ,Green algae ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Abstract Biocrusts represent associations of lichens, green algae, cyanobacteria, fungi and other microorganisms, colonizing soils in varying proportions of principally arid biomes. The so-called grit crust represents a recently discovered type of biocrust situated in the Coastal Range of the Atacama Desert (Chile) made of microorganisms growing on and in granitoid pebbles, resulting in a checkerboard pattern visible to the naked eye on the landscape scale. This specific microbiome fulfills a broad range of ecosystem services, all probably driven by fog and dew-induced photosynthetic activity of mainly micro-lichens. To understand its biodiversity and impact, we applied a polyphasic approach on the phototrophic microbiome of this biocrust, combining isolation and characterization of the lichen photobionts, multi-gene phylogeny of the photobionts and mycobionts based on a direct sequencing and microphotography approach, metabarcoding and determination of chlorophylla+b contents. Metabarcoding showed that yet undescribed lichens within the Caliciaceae dominated the biocrust together with Trebouxia as the most abundant eukaryote in all plots. Together with high mean chlorophylla+b contents exceeding 410 mg m−2, this distinguished the symbiotic algae Trebouxia as the main driver of the grit crust ecosystem. The trebouxioid photobionts could be assigned to the I (T. impressa/gelatinosa) and A (T. arboricola) clades and represented several lineages containing five potential species candidates, which were identified based on the unique phylogenetic position, morphological features, and developmental cycles of the corresponding isolates. These results designate the grit crust as the only known coherent soil layer with significant landscape covering impact of at least 440 km2, predominantly ruled by a single symbiotic algal genus. more...
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- 2024
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29. Phytochemical Analysis and Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Antibiofilm Effects of a New Himalayan Lichen Placidium deosaiense Usman and Khalid Growing in Pakistan.
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Manojlović, Anja, Khalid, Abdul Nasir, Usman, Muhammad, Stefanović, Olgica, Đukić, Nevena, Manojlović, Nedeljko, and Tomović, Jovica
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- *
ANTIOXIDANT analysis , *METABOLITES , *STAPHYLOCOCCUS aureus , *ANTIBACTERIAL agents , *LICHENS - Abstract
Phytochemical composition and antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and antioxidant effects of a newly described Himalayan lichen Placidium deosaiense Usman and Khalid growing in Pakistan were investigated. HPLC–DAD methods were used for identification of secondary metabolites in acetone and methanol extracts. The total phenolics content was measured using a spectrophotometric method. The study investigated the antioxidant (DPPH-scavenging activity assay and reducing-power assay), antibacterial (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC)), and antibiofilm (inhibition of biofilm formation and reduction in mature biofilm) activities of extracts of the lichen P. deosaiense and isolated parietin. The chemical constituents olivetol, olivetolic acid, haematommic acid, fallacinol, and parietin were identified as major compounds in the tested extracts of the lichen. Parietin was isolated from the acetone extract on a separation column. The methanol extract had higher values of TPC (21.67 mg GAE/g) than the acetone extract. Isolated parietin showed the best antioxidant activity measures, according to the DPPH-scavenging activity assay (IC50 = 51.616 μg/mL) and reducing-power assay. Although the extracts showed the best antibacterial activity (especially against Proteus mirabilis ATCC 12453), parietin demonstrated superior antibiofilm activity (especially against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923). This is the first report on the phytochemical composition of the lichen Placidium deosaiense and the first description of the chemical composition of some of the 45 species of the genus Placidium. This research will pave the way for further exploration of new activities of this lichen and its metabolites, which are important for medicine and pharmacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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30. Phylogenetic analysis shows that Pyrenula (Pyrenulaceae) diversity is larger than expected: three new species and one new record discovered in China.
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Dou, Mingzhu, Li, Jiechen, Hu, Yongshun, Aptroot, André, and Jia, Zefeng
- Subjects
- *
OLEIC acid , *TROPICAL forests , *ASCOSPORES , *TERPENES , *PHYLOGENY , *LICHENS - Abstract
The lichenised fungal genus Pyrenula is a very common crustose lichen element in tropical to subtropical forests, but little research has been done on this genus in China. We carried out an integrative taxonomic study on Pyrenula in China using morphological, anatomical, chemical characters, and molecular data (ITS, nuLSU, mtSSU). Three new species with muriform ascospores containing red oil when over-mature were found: Pyrenula submacularis sp. nov., P. yunguiensis sp. nov. and P. rufotetraspora sp. nov. Molecular data and TLC results of P. macularis and P. breutelii are for the first time reported and show that they are not synonyms. This is the first report of P. breutelii in China. Contrary to the previous reports of this genus, we found lichen substances in all the five species in this study, seemingly terpenoids. A key for the Pyrenula species reported in China is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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31. Do the expected heatwaves pose a threat to lichens?: Linkage between a passive decline in water content in thalli and response to heat stress.
- Author
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Osyczka, Piotr and Myśliwa‐Kurdziel, Beata
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- *
HEAT of hydration , *HIGH temperatures , *HEAT waves (Meteorology) , *LICHENS , *ECOPHYSIOLOGY , *HUMIDITY - Abstract
Being poikilohydric, lichens are inherently exposed to alternating desiccation and hydration cycles. They can exhibit extraordinary resistance to extreme temperatures in a dehydrated state but thermal thresholds for hydrated lichens are lower. The ability of the lichen Cetraria aculeata to recovery after high temperature treatment (40°C, 60°C) at different air humidity levels (relative humidity [RH]: <15%, 25%, 50%, 75%, ≅100%) was examined to find a linkage between passive dehydration of the lichen and its physiological resistance to heat stress. The response to heating was determined by measuring parameters related to photosynthesis and respiration after 2‐ and 24‐h recovery. A higher RH level resulted in a slower decline in relative water content (RWC) in hydrated thalli. In turn, the stress resistance of active thalli depended on the ambient humidity and associated RWC reduction. Elevated temperature had a negative impact on bioenergetic processes, but only an unnatural state of permanent full hydration during heat stress resulted in a lethal effect. Hydrated lichen thalli heated at 40°C and 50% relative humidity (RH) tended to be least susceptible to stress‐induced damage. Although atypical climatic conditions may lead lichens to lethal thresholds, the actual likelihood of deadly threat to lichens due to heat events per se is debatable. Summary statement: Passive dehydration of lichens is a property that protects them well against the lethal effects of extreme temperatures. Heat stress takes its toll on viability of Cetraria aculeata but only in the unnatural state of its full hydration leads to fatal inhibition of photosynthesis and respiration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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32. On the Conservation of the Canarian Laurel Forest: What Do Lichens Have to Say?
- Author
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González-Montelongo, Cristina and Pérez-Vargas, Israel
- Subjects
- *
ECOLOGICAL disturbances , *FOREST degradation , *EPIPHYTIC lichens , *SPECIES diversity , *LICHENS , *BIOINDICATORS - Abstract
The fragmentation and degradation of primary forests are serious threats to the long-term persistence not only of the tree species they comprise, but also of many organisms inhabiting them. The Canarian laurel forest, known as monteverde, is a highly threatened endemic forest of the Macaronesian region. Lichens are considered ideal bioindicators for assessing the effects of human disturbances on ecosystems and anticipating the response of other less sensitive organisms. However, no studies have used them as model organisms to analyze the conservation status of this primary forest in the Macaronesian region. In the present study, we analyzed several variables of the lichen biota of the Canarian laurel forest on the islands with the highest representation within this archipelago: La Gomera, La Palma, and Tenerife. We analyzed the species richness (and its relationship to island size with the real and potential vegetation areas of the laurel forest); the lichen diversity value, the number of shared and exclusive species on each of the islands as well as lichen functional traits as they have become important for evaluating the response of epiphytic lichens to environmental changes. The results indicate that there are signs of a potential extinction debt occurring in the diversity of epiphytic lichens in some areas. Furthermore, it has been observed that, despite the presence of some exclusive species on each island, the overall composition does not differ between them. Considering the functional traits of lichens, there are patterns that can provide information about the unique characteristics of the laurel forest of each of the studied islands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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33. Secondary Metabolites from Australian Lichens Ramalina celastri and Stereocaulon ramulosum Affect Growth and Metabolism of Photobiont Asterochloris erici through Allelopathy.
- Author
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Bačkor, Martin, Kecsey, Dajana, Drábová, Blažena, Urminská, Dana, Šemeláková, Martina, and Goga, Michal
- Subjects
- *
KREBS cycle , *ORGANIC acids , *PYRUVIC acid , *LIPID peroxidation (Biology) , *METABOLITES - Abstract
In the present work, the phytotoxic effects of secondary metabolites extracted from lichen Ramalina celastri (usnic acid) and lichen Stereocaulon ramulosum (a naturally occurring mixture of atranorin and perlatolic acid, approx. 3:1) on cultures of the aposymbiotically grown lichen photobiont Asterochloris erici were evaluated. Algae were cultivated on the surface of glass microfiber disks with applied crystals of lichen extracts for 14 days. The toxicity of each extract was tested at the two selected doses in quantities of 0.01 mg/disk and 0.1 mg/disk. Cytotoxicity of lichen extracts was assessed using selected physiological parameters, such as growth (biomass production) of photobiont cultures, content of soluble proteins, chlorophyll a fluorescence, chlorophyll a integrity, contents of chlorophylls and total carotenoids, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion, TBARS, ascorbic acid (AsA), reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione, and composition of selected organic acids of the Krebs cycle. The application of both tested metabolic extracts decreased the growth of photobiont cells in a dose-dependent manner; however, a mixture of atranorin and perlatolic acid was more effective when compared to usnic acid at the same dose tested. A higher degree of cytotoxicity of extracts from lichen S. ramulosum when compared to identical doses of extracts from lichen R. celastri was also confirmed by a more pronounced decrease in chlorophyll a fluorescence and chlorophyll a integrity, decreased content of chlorophylls and total carotenoids, increased production of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion, peroxidation of membrane lipids (assessed as TBARS), and a strong decrease in non-enzymatic antioxidants such as AsA, GSH, and GSSG. The cytotoxicity of lichen compounds was confirmed by a strong alteration in the composition of selected organic acids included in the Krebs cycle. The increased ratio between pyruvic acid and citric acid was a very sensitive parameter of phytotoxicity of lichen secondary metabolites to the algal partner of symbiosis. Secondary metabolites of lichens are potent allelochemicals and play significant roles in maintaining the balance between mycobionts and photobionts, forming lichen thallus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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34. Pore size distribution and water retention in colonized Antarctic Beacon sandstone.
- Author
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McKay, Christopher P., Sun, Henry, and Kidron, Giora J.
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PORE size distribution ,HUMIDITY ,PORE water ,WATER distribution ,SANDSTONE - Abstract
We report on the pore size distribution and water retention of Beacon sandstone from Antarctica that harbours a cryptoendolithic community, predominantly lichens, just below the surface. We measured the pore size distribution, drying time and equilibrium relative humidity of sandstone samples that were colonized by lichens. The incremental pore volume distribution peaks at ~10 μm radius, but ~20% of the pore volume occurs for a radius < 0.02 μm. Water from snowmelt fills ~20% of the total pore volume. It takes ~4–5 days of evaporation to lose 90% of the water. As the rock loses water, the equilibrium relative humidity remains at 99% until an appreciable amount (80–90%) of the pore water is lost, after which the equilibrium relative humidity starts to decrease. The relative humidity remains at > 80% (68 h) long after the water content falls to < 98% (19 h) - the point at which liquid water is estimated no longer to be present. Lichens can remain active in air with high relative humidity (> 80%). Thus, the pore size distribution of the sandstone may play a role in explaining why lichens dominate these sandstones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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35. Abraham Halsey: Forgotten pioneer of New York City botany and North American lichenology.
- Author
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Lendemer, James C.
- Subjects
ENVIRONMENTAL history ,URBAN ecology ,NATURAL history ,COASTAL plains ,BOTANICAL gardens ,LICHENS - Abstract
Abraham Halsey published the first checklist of New York City lichens in 1823. It was the first work focused on lichens in North America. Study of this baseline—among the oldest, most comprehensive outside of Europe—has been complicated because the supporting vouchers were believed destroyed in an 1866 fire that consumed the collections of the New York Lyceum, predecessor of the New York Academy of Sciences. The discovery of Halsey's collection in the Brooklyn Botanic Garden herbarium is reported here. The history and contents of the collection are discussed in detail, updated identifications are provided for all specimens, Halsey's checklist is updated to modern taxonomic concepts, and the 1823 baseline is compared to the present day. The collection contains 265 specimens, 126 of which are vouchers that correspond to 114 of the 190 names from his published checklist. An additional 88 specimens appear to be post-1823 collections from New York made by Halsey. In total, Halsey's New York City specimens correspond to 129 species, of which only 18 now occur in the region. Shifts in the lichen biota of New York City, occurring after near-complete extirpation in the 1960s, followed by subsequent recolonization, demonstrate modern trends toward lower foliose and fruticose lichen diversity, lower diversity of sexually reproducing taxa, and lower diversity of taxa that associate with ecologically restricted photobionts such as Trentepohlia and cyanobacteria. The historical lichen communities of the area resembled those of existing remnant mature and old-growth high-quality habitats in the Central Appalachian Mountains and Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain. It is shown that the authorship of the eight new taxa described in the 1823 checklist should be attributed to Halsey, and the taxonomic identity of each taxon is discussed in detail. Cetraria viridis (≡ Vulpicida viridis) is lectotypified and the prior neotype overturned, Lecidea versicolor is neotypified and placed in synonymy with Xanthosyne varians, Pyrenula enteroleuca is lectotypified and placed in synonymy with Conotrema urceolatum, Verrucaria composita is lectotypified, transferred to Viridothelium as V. compositum, and the common V. virens is placed in synonymy and lectotypified. The original material of Spiloma roseum Halsey nom. illeg. is shown to be conspecific with Coniarthonia pyrrhula. The identities of Lecanora juglandina and Lecanora irregularis remain unresolved. This study resurrects the legacy of a pioneering naturalist whose work came to be reduced to a lichenological footnote and whose role in New York City botany has been largely forgotten. This study also highlights the value of natural history collections in reconstructing historical ecosystems, contextualizing centuries of human-mediated environmental change, and informing conservation. It illustrates the wealth of irreplaceable information in New York State botanical collections, and the urgent need to assure that these are preserved, digitized, and most importantly, continuously restudied. Importantly, archival records newly reported on here unequivocally dispute the historical narrative that the herbarium of the New York Lyceum was destroyed by fire and instead suggest it survived in the Mercantile Library Association at Astor Place in Manhattan. The present-day whereabouts of this invaluable herbarium are unknown, and it is likely unnoticed and unrecognized in an institutional library or archive somewhere in the New York City metropolitan region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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36. Identification of Corticolous lichens associated with the Argan tree, Argania spinosa, in Arganeraie Biosphere Reserve (Central-Western Morocco).
- Author
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Aoutil, Yassine, Qessaoui, Redouan, Bouamair, Ahmed, Alouani, Mohamed, Zim, Jamaa, Mimouni, Abdelaziz, and Bouharroud, Rachid
- Subjects
BIOSPHERE reserves ,FIELD research ,RESEARCH personnel ,LICHENS ,COMMUNAL living - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Wildlife & Biodiversity (JWB) is the property of Arak University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...
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- 2024
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37. Interplay of heavy metal accumulation, physiological responses, and microbiome dynamics in lichens: insights and future directions.
- Author
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Thakur, Manoj, Bhatt, Amit, Sharma, Vaibhav, and Mathur, Vartika
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HEAVY metal toxicology ,HEAVY metals ,METABOLITES ,SPATIAL variation ,LICHENS ,BIOINDICATORS - Abstract
Lichens are increasingly recognised as valuable bioindicators for environmental heavy metal pollution due to their sensitivity to spatial and temporal variations in pollution levels and their ability to adapt to diverse and often harsh habitats. This review initially examines the mechanisms of metal absorption in lichens, including particulate entrapment, ion exchange, and intracellular absorption, as well as their physiological responses to abiotic stressors such as heavy metal exposure and desiccation. In the latter part, we compile and synthesise evidence showing that secondary metabolites in lichens are significantly influenced by metal concentrations, with varying impacts across different species. Although extensive research has addressed the broader physiological effects of heavy metal hyperaccumulation in lichens, there remains a significant gap in understanding the direct or indirect influences of heavy metals on the lichen microbiome, possibly mediated by changes in secondary metabolite production. Our review integrates these aspects to propose new research directions aimed at elucidating the mechanisms underlying physiological responses such as resilience and adaptability in lichens. Overall, this review highlights the dynamic interplay between microbiome composition, secondary metabolite variation, and metal accumulation, suggesting that these factors collectively contribute to the physiological responses of lichens in polluted environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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38. Multifaceted Properties of Usnic Acid in Disrupting Cancer Hallmarks.
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Gimła, Mariola and Herman-Antosiewicz, Anna
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CANCER cells ,CELL growth ,CANCER treatment ,IMMUNE system ,LICHENS - Abstract
Cancer, a complex group of diseases marked by uncontrolled cell growth and invasive behavior, is characterized by distinct hallmarks acquired during tumor development. These hallmarks, first proposed by Douglas Hanahan and Robert Weinberg in 2000, provide a framework for understanding cancer's complexity. Targeting them is a key strategy in cancer therapy. It includes inhibiting abnormal signaling, reactivating growth suppressors, preventing invasion and metastasis, inhibiting angiogenesis, limiting replicative immortality, modulating the immune system, inducing apoptosis, addressing genome instability and regulating cellular energetics. Usnic acid (UA) is a natural compound found in lichens that has been explored as a cytotoxic agent against cancer cells of different origins. Although the exact mechanisms remain incompletely understood, UA presents a promising compound for therapeutic intervention. Understanding its impact on cancer hallmarks provides valuable insights into the potential of UA in developing targeted and multifaceted cancer therapies. This article explores UA activity in the context of disrupting hallmarks in cancer cells of different origins based on recent articles that emphasize the molecular mechanisms of this activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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39. Intra-specific variation in lichen secondary compounds across environmental gradients on Signy Island, maritime Antarctic.
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Bokhorst, Stef, Asplund, Johan, and Convey, Peter
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SPECIES diversity , *CONDITIONED response , *LICHENS , *ISLANDS , *INVERTEBRATES - Abstract
Lichens produce various carbon-based secondary compounds (CBSCs) in response to abiotic conditions and herbivory. Although lichen CBSCs have received considerable attention with regard to responses to UV-B exposure, very little is known about intra-specific variation across environmental gradients and their role in protection against herbivory in the Antarctic. Here we report on the variation in CBSCs of two widely distributed and common Antarctic lichens, Usnea antarctica and Umbilicaria antarctica, between sites with different solar exposure (NW–SE) and along natural nitrogen (N) gradients which are associated with changing lichen-invertebrate associations on Signy Island (South Orkney Islands, maritime Antarctic). Fumarprotocetraric and usnic acid concentrations in Usnea showed no relationships with solar exposure, lichen-N or associated invertebrate abundance. However, fumarprotocetraric acid concentration was 13 times higher at inland sites compared to coastal sites along the N-gradients. Gyrophoric acid concentration in Umbilicaria was 33% lower in sun-facing (northerly exposed) habitats compared to more shaded (south-facing) rocks and declined with elevation. Gyrophoric acid concentration was positively correlated with the abundance and species richness of associated microarthropods, similar to the patterns found with lichen N. This initial investigation indicates that there can be large intraspecific variation in lichen CBSC concentrations across relative short distances (< 500 m) on Signy Island and raises further questions regarding current understanding of the role of CBSCs in Antarctic lichens in relation to biotic and abiotic pressures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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40. A new Calicium on Ramboldia.
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Tibell, Leif, Clayden, Stephen R., Prieto, Maria, and Wedin, Mats
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PHYLOGENY , *ASCOMYCETES , *LICHENS , *SPECIES , *BIODIVERSITY , *TUBULINS - Abstract
A lichenicolous species, Calicium ramboldiicola , growing on Ramboldia elabens is described. In phylogenetic analyses with 22 Calicium taxa, based on 121 sequences from five DNA regions (mtSSU, Mcm7 , nuITS, nuLSU, β-tubulin), the new species formed a strongly supported clade with C. abietinum and C. verrucosum. Although the ascomata of the new species resemble miniatures of those of C. abietinum , no morphological synapomorphies for this clade were found. Calicium ramboldiicola is known from boreal and hemiboreal areas of northern Europe and north-eastern North America. It is the second known lichenicolous species of Calicium and the first found on a lichen in the Lecanorales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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41. Genome-wide assessment of putative endemism and phylogeography of Cladonia sandstedei (Ascomycota : Cladoniaceae) in the Caribbean.
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Mercado-Díaz, Joel A., Grewe, Felix, Lücking, Robert, Moncada, Bibiana, Rivera-Queralta, Yoira, Motito-Marín, Ángel, and Lumbsch, H. Thorsten
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POPULATION genetics , *PRINCIPAL components analysis , *GENETIC variation , *DISCRIMINANT analysis , *GENOMICS , *SUBSPECIES , *LICHENS - Abstract
Cladonia sandstedei forms cushion-shaped lichens that colonize open environments and is distributed throughout the Caribbean and the south-eastern United States. It co-occurs in parts of its range with C. subtenuis , a morphologically similar taxon that is distinguished from the former by the presence of usnic acid. Preliminary phylogenetic analysis with the RPB 2 and TEF -1α loci revealed that these taxa were closely related, but relationships were inconsistent among markers. Here, we combined phylogenetic and population genomic analyses based on RADseq data to clarify the evolutionary relationships and phylogeography of these taxa. Both approaches indicate that the taxa cannot be separated based on secondary metabolites, as previously proposed, but instead form a complex composed of several lineages, largely unrelated to chemistry but with a strong geographical structure in their genetic variation. Continental populations formerly separated under the names C. sandstedei and C. subtenuis were closely related to each other. A similar pattern was observed in the Jamaican counterparts of these taxa, suggesting homoplasy of secondary chemistry. Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components (DAPC) hinted at potential conspecificity between populations in Cuba and Puerto Rico on one hand, and between Jamaica and the continental US on the other; however, phylogenetic analysis and other population-level analyses (PCA and fineRADstructure) suggested that both insular and continental populations were more likely to be reproductively isolated from each other. Based on this, we propose to recognize only one species for the entire complex, under the older name C. sandstedei , with the four spatially structured clades as subspecies: C. sandstedei subsp. sandstedei (restricted to Jamaica) and C. sandstedei subsp. subtenuis comb. nov. (restricted to continental North America) exhibit several chemosyndromes variably containing usnic acid and/or atranorin. The two additional subspecies described here as new, C. sandstedei subsp. cubana and C. sandstedei subsp. landroniana , exhibit the atranorin chemosyndrome and are restricted to Cuba and Puerto Rico, respectively. Our work reaffirms the power of combining RADseq-based phylogenetics and population genetics to disentangle taxonomic and evolutionary histories in poorly understood, closely related and phenotypically similar lichen-forming fungal species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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42. Phylogenetic study of the Cladonia cervicornis group (Cladoniaceae , Lecanorales) discloses a new species, Cladonia teuvoana.
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Pino-Bodas, Raquel, Herrero, Alberto, Aptroot, André, Søchting, Ulrik, McMullin, Richard Troy, and Burgaz, Ana Rosa
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LICHEN classification , *RECOMBINANT DNA , *PHENOTYPES , *MULTIVARIATE analysis , *SPECIES - Abstract
The Cladonia cervicornis group comprises lichen-forming fungi characterized by having scyphi with central proliferations. It includes c. 20 species globally. The taxonomy of this group is poorly resolved, with many species not thoroughly disentangled. The focus of this study is the European species in the C. cervicornis group. In order to estimate the phylogenetic relationships of these species, six loci were used: ITS rDNA, IGS rDNA, RPB 1, RPB 2, ef1α and cox1. Species delimitation methods (ASAP, PTP and GMYC) were used to infer the species boundaries based on four loci, ITS rDNA, IGS rDNA, cox1 and RPB 2. A morphological analysis based on multivariate methods was performed to assess the importance of phenotypic differences among the lineages. The phylogenetic reconstructions placed the species of this group in the subclade Cladonia. Five lineages were recovered, corresponding to C. cervicornis , C. macrophyllodes , C. pulvinata , C. verticillata and a new lineage that we describe here, C. teuvoana. Our analyses revealed that Cladonia cineracea, C. stricta and C. trassii are polyphyletic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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43. Candelariella ahtii (Candelariaceae, Ascomycota) – a new species of lichen from Central and North-East Asia, and a key to 8-spored Candelariella.
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Yakovchenko, Lidia S. and Davydov, Evgeny A.
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SILICEOUS rocks , *SOIL cracking , *ASCOSPORES , *THALLUS , *ASCOMYCETES , *LICHENS - Abstract
Candelariella ahtii Yakovchenko sp. nov. is described based on phenotypic and ITS nrDNA sequence data. The species, occurring on soil in the crevices and cracks of siliceous rocks, is characterized by its squamulose cushion-forming thallus of imbricate, rounded to weakly incised granules/squamules with a greenish yellow to pale yellow pulverulent upper surface, lecanorine apothecia with a plane to somewhat convex ochre-yellow disc and a permanent thick thalline margin, 8-spored asci and ellipsoid to narrowly ellipsoid ascospores with rounded ends, as well as a distribution in Central and North-East Asia. It is similar to Candelariella citrina but differs in having ascospores without attenuated ends and smaller squamules. Candelariella citrina is excluded from the lichen flora of Russia. A worldwide key to all known Candelariella species with 8-spored asci, including 41 names, is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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44. Umbilicaria ahtii – a new species of Umbilicaria subg. Papillophora from the vicinity of Helsinki with remarks on species of the Umbilicaria vellea group.
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Davydov, Evgeny A., Ohmura, Yoshihito, and Yakovchenko, Lidia S.
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BIOGEOGRAPHY , *ASCOSPORES , *LICHENS , *SPECIES , *PENINSULAS - Abstract
Umbilicaria ahtii sp. nov. is described based on morphological and molecular characters. The new species resembles Umbilicaria vellea but the former has larger and submuriform ascospores, a darker lower surface, longer dark brown to black rhizinomorphs, and lacks thalloconidia directly on the lower surface and basal part of the rhizinomorphs. Phylogenetic analyses (ITS, mtLSU and RPB 2) confirmed the distinctness of U. ahtii and indicated its sister relationship to U. meizospora. Umbilicaria ahtii is described from Finland and is currently known from several localities in Northern Europe (Svalbard, Norway, Finland, Kola Peninsula in Russia), Asia (Kodar Range, Siberia) and North America (Alaska). Within the U. vellea group, new molecular data confirmed U. koidzumii as a widespread, separate species sister to U. cinereorufescens. Diagnostic traits and variability of species, as well as their distribution patterns and nomenclature, are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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45. Visualizing usnic acid with anisaldehyde reagent.
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McCune, Bruce, Perera, Wilmer H., Yu, Xinhui, and McPhail, Kerry
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ALDOL condensation , *CHEMICAL yield , *THALLUS , *LICHENS , *ACETONE - Abstract
The pale yellowish tint of usnic acid in a lichen thallus itself is a commonly used character in identification keys, particularly in the genus Cladonia. Furthermore, the presence of usnic acid is phylogenetically significant in numerous groups of lichens. While the distinctive colour of usnic acid is readily visible when present in high concentrations, it is commonly problematic to discern when in low to moderate concentrations. We explored the use of an anisaldehyde reagent for visualizing usnic acid. Using both usnic acid-containing Cladonia samples and pure usnic acid, this reaction quickly yields a bright magenta colour on HPTLC and TLC plates after heating and directly with crude acetone extracts on glass slides heated with a lighter. The same magenta product was observed whether or not the usnic acid was accompanied by barbatic, fumarprotocetraric, psoromic, squamatic or thamnolic acids, each of which alone did not produce any colour with anisaldehyde reagent. However, the merochlorophaeic acids in C. albonigra also produced a red reaction. Analysis by high resolution LC-MS of the reaction mixture between anisaldehyde and usnic acid revealed several ions at m/z 477.1586 ([M+H]+, C27H25O8) and 463.1385 ([M+H]+, C26H23O8), respectively, consistent with aldol condensation of usnic acid and p -anisaldehyde. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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46. Green synthesis of Ag-ZnO nanocomposites by using Usnea florida and Pseudevernia furfuracea lichen extracts and evaluation of their neurotoxic effects.
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Koca, Fatih Doğan, Halici, Mehmet Gökhan, Işik, Yakup, and Ünal, Gökhan
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LIGHT absorption , *NANOCOMPOSITE materials , *LICHENS , *NEUROBLASTOMA , *EXTRACTS - Abstract
First time in this study, neuroprotective or neurotoxic effects of Pseudevernia furfuracea and Usnea florida lichen extracts based silver decorated zinc oxide nanocomposites (Ag-ZnO NCs) were evaluated. The characteristic light absorption point of P. furfuracea and U. florida based Ag-ZnO NCs were observed at 339 nm and 361 nm; effective diameter was detected at 342 nm and 495 nm. According to SEM analysis, the diameter of P. furfuracea and U. florida extract based NCs were approximately 35 nm and 85 nm, respectively. When we examined the toxicity of SH-SY5Y against human neuroblastoma cells, it was observed that NCs have neurotoxic effects on a concentration of 100 μg/ml. In this study, it was predicted that P. furfuracea and U. florida extract based Ag-ZnO NCs could be used in cytotoxic studies by synthesizing them in a cheap, short time and with eco-friendly method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
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47. Cytotoxicity of norstictic acid derivatives, a depsidone from Ramalina anceps Nyl.
- Author
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BOGO, Danielle, ALCÂNTARA, Isabel Máximo C., ALCANTARA, Glaucia B., MICHELETTI, Ana Camila, HONDA, Neli K., and MATOS, Maria de Fátima C.
- Subjects
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ACID derivatives , *CYTOTOXINS , *PHENOLS , *PHENOL derivatives , *CELL lines - Abstract
Structural modifications in lichen phenolic compounds have been one of the tools to potentiate their biological activity. In the present work, seven alkyl derivatives of norstictic acid were prepared and evaluated against eight cell lines. Norstictic acid was isolated from the lichen Ramalina anceps and the alkyl derivatives were obtained through reactions with alcohols. Cytotoxicity was evaluated against the 786-0 (kidney carcinoma), MCF7 (breast carcinoma), HT-29 (colon carcinoma), PC-03 (prostate carcinoma), HEP2 (laryngeal carcinoma), B16-F10 (murine melanoma), UACC-62 (human melanoma), and NIH/3T3 (mouse embryonic fibroblast) cell lines using the sulforhodamine B assay. Norstictic acid exhibited poor activity, while the 8'-O-n-butyl-norstictic acid and 8'-O-sec-butylnorstictic acid derivatives showed potential activity (GI50 values of 6.37-45.0 µM and 6.8-52.40 µM, respectively) and high selectivity (selectivity index (SI) values of 13.88-98.11 and SI 11.30-87.40, respectively) against all tumor cells. The 8'-O-n-hexyl-norstictic acid showed good activity (5.96-9.53 µM) and moderate selectivity (SI 9.2-5.76) against MCF7, HT-29, PC-03, and HEP2 cells, while 8'-O-isopropyl-norstictic acid demonstrated high activity and selectivity against PC-03 cells (GI50 1.28 µM and SI 33.8), and was highly active but moderately selective against UACC, HEP2, and B16-F10 cells (GI50 6.2, 7.78, and 9.65 µM; SI 7.0, 5.5, and 4.5, respectively). Additionally, 8'-O-n-pentyl- and 8'-O-tert-butyl-norstictic acids were active and selective against PC-03 cells (GI50 8.77 and 7.60 µM; SI 6.53 and 5.0, respectively). Chemometric analysis revealed a clear relationship between all compounds and their biological activities. The insertion of a four-carbon alkyl chain (n-butyl and sec-butyl) produced potentially active compounds on all tested tumor cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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48. Determination of Cytotoxic and Apoptotic Properties of Lobaric Acid, a Secondary Metabolite of Lichen and Investigation of Its Theoretical Potential.
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Kızıl, Hamit Emre, Ağar, Güleray, and Ekincioğlu, Yavuz
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LICHENS , *METABOLITES , *CELL-mediated cytotoxicity , *MOLECULAR docking , *MESSENGER RNA , *CHEMICAL potential - Abstract
In this study, we aimed to elucidate some of the mechanisms of cell death induced by lobaric acid in A549 (human lung cancer) cells. For this purpose, the effects of cytotoxic concentrations on p53 and caspase-3 gene expressions were investigated. A549 cells were treated with varying concentrations of lobaric acid (12.5, 25, 50, and 100 μg/ml) for 48 hours and then their viability was evaluated and p53 and caspase-3 mRNA expressions were determined at statistically cytotoxic concentrations of 12.5, 50, and 100 μg/ml. According to beta-actin, it was determined that the increase in lobaric acid concentration revealed an upward trend in p53 and caspase-3 mRNA expressions. Furthermore, quantum chemical parameters such as frontier molecular orbitals, band gap energy and ionization potential, electronic affinity, chemical softness, chemical potential, electrophilicity index and chemical hardness were analyzed. Furthermore, molecular docking was performed to identify the binding sites and the binding behavior of lobaric acid to some target proteins (P53, Caspase-3 and Bcl-2). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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49. An annotated checklist of the lichen biodiversity at two Mars analog sites: The Mars Desert Research Station (Utah, USA) and The Flashline Mars Arctic Research Station (Nunavut, Canada) recorded during the Mars 160 Mission.
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Sokoloff, Paul C., Srivastava, Anushree, McMullin, R. Troy, Clarke, Jonathan, Knightly, Paul, Stepanova, Anastasia, Mangeot, Alexandre, Laroche, Claude-Michel, Beattie, Annalea, and Rupert, Shannon
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LICHENS , *BIODIVERSITY , *TAXONOMY - Abstract
During the Mars 160 Mission in 2016 and 2017, crews at the Mars Desert Research Station (MDRS) in Utah, USA and the Flashline Mars Arctic Research Station (FMARS) on Tallurutit (Devon Island), Nunavut, Canada, conducted a collections‑based survey of lichen biodiversity at each of these Martian planetary analogs. Here we present the results of these studies as two annotated checklists, including 35 lichen spe‑ cies from MDRS and 13 species from FMARS, alongside details on the distribution of these species, relevant taxonomic notes, and photos of each species as an identification aid. This work adds to our knowledge of the biodiversity of these unique sites and provides an important baseline for future analog research at these stations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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50. Evidence for the translocation of fixed N in the N2‐fixing lichen Stereocaulon vesuvianum.
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Crittenden, Peter D. and Thornton, Barry
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ATMOSPHERIC nitrogen , *ATMOSPHERIC deposition , *AMMONIUM nitrate , *LICHENS , *THALLUS - Abstract
The fruticose lichen Stereocaulon vesuvianum is among the most abundant and widespread lichens in upland Britain. It typically produces cephalodia (nodules) that contain the cyanobacterium Stigonema, which can fix atmospheric nitrogen. However, over much of England, Wales, and southern Scotland S. vesuvianum no longer produces cephalodia and does not fix nitrogen, a morphological change linked to elevated atmospheric nitrogen deposition. This provided a unique opportunity to compare the 15N natural abundance signatures in N2‐fixing and non‐N2‐fixing lichen populations, keeping in mind that fixed nitrogen has a 15N content close to that of atmospheric N2 while, in comparison, several components of atmospheric combined N (e.g. nitrate and ammonium in precipitation) tend to be 15N depleted. We found that in N2‐fixing samples, there was a steep gradient in 15N relative abundance in the terminal 15 mm of thallus branches (pseudopodetia), changing from 15N depleted tissues at 10–15 mm below the tips to values close to that of atmospheric N2 at the apices while in non‐N2‐fixing samples thallus branches were uniformly 15N depleted. The 15N gradient in N2‐fixing material could not be explained by the presence of cephalodia since these are more abundant towards branch bases. The data provide the first evidence in lichens of translocation of recently fixed N to sink regions of active growth and production of asexual reproductive propagules, bringing lichens into line with N source‐sink relationships in N2‐fixing plant symbioses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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