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Background: The oncological efficacy of laparoscopic surgery for advanced gastric cancer (AGC) has been evaluated by several randomized trials. However, the inclusion of earlier-stage disease was a limitation in previous studies. Methods: Patients with cT3-4 gastric cancer, determined by surgical staging to minimize migration of earlier stages, treated at a tertiary cancer center from 2009 to 2018 were included. Based on the surgical approach, the patients were divided into two groups: the laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) and the open gastrectomy (OG) and matched for age, sex, macroscopic appearance (type 4 or non-type 4), body mass index, estimated tumor size, clinical stage T3'T4, clinical N stage, pathologic T stage (T3 or T4), and type of surgery (total or distal gastrectomy). Results: 588 patients (221 LG, 367 OG) were included in the analysis. After 1:1 propensity-score matching, 386 patients (193 LG, 193 OG) were assigned for analysis. In the LG group, operation time was longer with lower blood loss. The incidence of postoperative complications (≥ grade III) did not differ significantly between the groups (OG: 8.3%, vs. LG: 9.3%). Overall survival (OS) was longer in the LG group (5-year OS: 79.3 vs. 73% HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.44–0.99, P = 0.0497). Relapse-free survival (RFS) did not show a statistical difference (5-year RFS: 69.5 vs. 68.7 HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.62–1.26, P = 0.487). Subgroup analysis for OS also demonstrated equivalent outcomes. Conclusion: LG demonstrates comparable safety and efficacy to OG for advanced gastric cancer at surgical staging, with similar rates of severe complications and long-term oncological outcomes. Further research is needed to validate these findings, particularly for total gastrectomy and for patients from Western populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aims to evaluate the short-term efficacy for locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC) who accepted laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) after neoadjuvant SOX versus SOX plus immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Methods: LAGC patients who accepted LG after neoadjuvant SOX (SOX-LG, n = 169) and SOX plus ICIs (SOX + ICIs-LG, n = 140) in three medical centers between Jan 2020 and Mar 2024 were analyzed. We compared the tumor regression, treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs), perioperative safety between two groups, and explored the risk factors of postoperative complications (POCs) for LG after neoadjuvant therapy. Results: The baseline characteristics were comparable between two groups (P > 0.05). SOX + ICIs-LG group acquired a higher proportion of objective response (63.6% vs. 46.7%, P = 0.003), major pathological response (43.6% vs. 31.4%, P = 0.001), and pathological complete response (17.9% vs. 9.5%, P = 0.030). There were no significant differences in the TRAEs rates, operation time, R0 resection, retrieved lymph nodes, postoperative first flatus, and hospitalized days, overall and severe POCs between two groups (P > 0.05). Patients in the SOX-ICIs-LG group had lower estimated blood loss (EBL) compared with SOX-LG (P = 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that more EBL (P = 0.003) and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) < 40 (P = 0.005) were independent risk factors of POCs for LG after neoadjuvant therapy. Conclusion: Neoadjuvant SOX plus ICIs brings better tumor regression and similar TRAEs compared with SOX alone for LAGC. SOX + ICIs-LG is safe and feasible to conduct with less EBL. Surgeons should focus on the perioperative management to control POCs for patients with PNI < 40 and more EBL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three-dimensional (3D) laparoscopy has advantages over two-dimensional (2D) in gastric cancer (GC) surgery, but there is still no comparative study of 3D versus 2D for delta-shaped anastomosis (DA). The objective of this study was to investigate the short-term and long-term efficacy and safety of 3D laparoscopy in distal gastrectomy with DA. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 134 patients treated with 3D (n = 70) and 2D (n = 64) laparoscopic D2 lymphadenectomy for distal GC at the Shaoxing People's Hospital from 07/2016 to 03/2022. The effects on baseline, pathology, perioperative data (operative time, anastomosis time, operation blood loss, diameter, splenic injury, number of lymph nodes, time to first flatus, time to liquid diet, postoperative hospital days, and inpatient costs), complications, and 5-year follow-up were analyzed. The difference between the baseline (general information and postoperative pathology) of the two groups was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The 3D group was associated with a shorter anastomosis time (15.76 min vs 17.89 min, P < 0.0001) but a similar operative time (175.70 vs 182.80 min, P = 0.1664). Shorter time to liquid diet (2.09 vs 2.47 days, P < 0.0001) and postoperative hospital days (7.56 vs 8.75 days, P < 0.0001) of 3D group were observed. The complications, 5-year follow-up overall survival and disease-free survival rates between the groups were not statistically significant. 3D laparoscopy is safe and effective with a faster procedure and recovery time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: As the incidence of obesity increases worldwide, laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) in obese patients with gastric cancer is more common. It is unclear how visceral fat obesity (obesity disease [OD]) may influence short‐ and long‐term outcomes after LG. Methods: This study included 170 gastric cancer patients who underwent curative LG at Minoh City Hospital from 2008 to 2020. Patients were classified based on preoperative body mass index (BMI) and visceral fat area (VFA): normal (N; n = 95), visceral fat accumulation alone (VF; n = 35), obesity with visceral fat accumulation (OD; n = 35), and obesity alone (n = 5). Results: Compared with normal VFA, high preoperative VFA (≥100 cm2) was significantly associated with longer operation time, greater blood loss, more frequent postoperative complications, and longer hospital stay. Multivariate analysis revealed the following independent risk factors for postoperative intra‐abdominal infectious complications: Charlson Comorbidity Index ≥4 (odds ratio [OR]: 3.1, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2–8.5), dissected lymph node area (D2) (OR: 3.0, 95% CI: 1.2–7.1), and preoperative VFA (≥100 cm2) (OR: 3.7, 95% CI: 1.6–8.8). Intraoperative and postoperative courses were comparable between groups VF and OD. The 3‐year overall survival rate was significantly worse in group VF (73.2%) compared with groups OD (96.7%) and N (96.7%) (p <.0001). Recurrence‐free survival and cancer‐specific survival were comparable between groups VF, OD, and N. Conclusion: Visceral fat accumulation strongly predicted postoperative morbidity. Despite increased perioperative risk, OD did not negatively impact successful lymphadenectomy or survival following LG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is a critical complication of laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG). However, there are no widely recognized anatomical landmarks to prevent POPF during LG. This study aimed to identify anatomical landmarks related to POPF occurrence during LG for gastric cancer and to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) navigation system for indicating these landmarks. Methods: Dimpling lines (DLs)—depressions formed between the pancreas and surrounding organs—were defined as anatomical landmarks related to POPF. The DLs for the mesogastrium, intestine, and transverse mesocolon were named DMP, DIP, and DTP, respectively. We included 50 LG cases to develop the AI system (45/50 were used for training and 5/50 for adjusting the hyperparameters of the employed system). Regarding the validation of the AI system, DLs were assessed by an external evaluation committee using a Likert scale, and the pancreas was assessed using the Dice coefficient, with 10 prospectively registered cases. Results: Six expert surgeons confirmed the efficacy of DLs as anatomical landmarks related to POPF in LG. An AI system was developed using a semantic segmentation model that indicated DLs in real-time when this system was synchronized during surgery. Additionally, the distribution of scores for DMP was significantly higher than that of the other DLs (p < 0.001), indicating the relatively high accuracy of this landmark. In addition, the Dice coefficient of the pancreas was 0.70. Conclusions: The DLs may be used as anatomical landmarks related to POPF occurrence. The developed AI navigation system can help visualize the DLs in real-time during LG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Though laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) has become the gold standard for gastric cancer treatment according to the Japanese treatment guidelines, its learning curve remains steep. Decreasing numbers of surgeons and transitions in the work environment have changed LG training recently. We analyzed LG training over the last decade to identify factors affecting the learning curve. Study Design Laparoscopic distal and pylorus‐preserving gastrectomies conducted between 2010 and 2020 were included. We assessed learning curves based on the standard operation time (SOT) defined by analysis of covariance. Then we divided the trainees into two groups based on the length of the learning curve and examined the factors affecting the learning curve with linear regression analysis. Results Among 2335 LGs, 960 cases treated by 27 trainees and 1301 cases treated by six attending surgeons were analyzed. The operation time was prolonged (p = 0.009) and postoperative morbidity rates were lower (p = 0.0003) for cases treated by trainees. Trainees experienced 38 (range, 9–81) cases as scopists and nine (range, 0–41) cases as first assistants to the first operator. The learning curve was approximately 30 cases. The SOT was calculated based on gender, body mass index, tumor location, reconstruction, and lymph node dissection. Trainees who had shorter learning curves had more experience (51–100 cases) with any laparoscopic surgery before LG training than the others (11–50 cases, p = 0.017). Conclusion Sufficient experience with laparoscopic surgery before starting LG training might contribute to the efficiency of LG training and shorten the learning curve.

Abstract Background The association between postoperative complications and long‐term survival after laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) for gastric cancer (GC) remains uncertain. This study aimed to determine the incidence and risk factors of postoperative complications and evaluate their impact on survival outcomes in patients undergoing LG. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 621 patients who underwent LG for gastric adenocarcinoma between March 2015 and December 2021. Postoperative complications were classified according to the Clavien–Dindo classification, with major complications defined as Grade III or higher. Logistic regression models with stepwise backward procedure were used to identify risk factors for complications. To assess the impact of postoperative complications on survival, uni‐ and multi‐variable Cox proportional hazard models were used for overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS). Results Overall rate of postoperative complications was 17.6% (109 patients); 33 patients (5.3%) had major complications. Independent risk factors for major complications were Charlson comorbidities index (OR [95% CI], 1.87 [1.09–3.12], p‐value = 0.018 for each one score increase), and type of anastomosis (OR [95% CI], 0.28 [0.09–0.91], p‐value = 0.029 when comparing Billroth II with Billroth I). Multivariable analysis identified major complications as an independent prognostic factor to reduce OS (HR [95% CI], 2.32 [1.02–5.30], p‐value = 0.045) and DFS (HR [95% CI], 2.63 [1.37–5.06], p‐value = 0.004). Other prognostic factors for decreased survival outcomes were tumor size, presence of invasive lymph nodes, and T4a stage. Conclusions Major complications rate of LG for GC was approximately 5.3%. Charlson comorbidities index and type of anastomosis were identified as risk factors for major postoperative complications. Major complications were demonstrated to pose adverse impact on survival outcomes.

Background: Gastric cancer is the third most common type of cancer worldwide. Gastric cancer has a 15% to 20% 5-year overall survival rate, even if the disease just affects the stomach wall. The prognosis is favorable if tumors and their precursors are discovered early on. The current study intended to enhance the prognosis of patients suffering from early-stage stomach cancer. Methods: In this study, 24 patients with stomach cancer who attended to Zagazig University Hospitals' outpatient clinic were included. Every patient underwent a complete medical history, a general examination, and an abdominal examination that included PR and PV. Laboratory tests were performed. Along with gastroscopy and biopsies, all patients also underwent CT, ultrasonography, and CXR scans. Results: There were six women and eighteen men in the study. The distal portion of the stomach was the site of malignancy in all 100 cancer patients under study. A statistically significant correlation was not observed between the sex of the cancer cases under study and either the age distribution or the tumor site. Conclusions: Laparoscopic distal gastrectomy is a safe and effective treatment that offers advantages over open conventional gastrectomy for treating stomach cancer. These advantages include a lower risk of intraoperative blood loss and overall consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate tumor localization and resection margin acquisition are essential in gastric cancer surgery. Preoperative placement of marking clips in laparoscopic gastrectomy as well as intraoperative gastroscopy can be used for gastric cancer surgery. However, these procedures are not available at all institutions. We conducted a prospective clinical trial to investigate the diagnostic performance of near-infrared fluorescent clips (ZEOCLIP FS) in laparoscopic gastrectomy. Patients with gastric cancer or neuroendocrine tumor in whom laparoscopic distal, pylorus-preserving, or proximal gastrectomy was planned were enrolled (n = 20) in this study. Fluorescent clips were placed proximal and/or distal to the tumor via gastroscopy on the day before surgery. During surgery, the clips were detected using a fluorescent laparoscope, and suturing was performed where fluorescence was detected. The clip locations were then confirmed via gastroscopy, and the stomach was transected. The primary endpoint was the detection rate of the marking clips using fluorescence, and the secondary endpoints were complications and distance between the clips and stitches. Among the 20 patients enrolled, distal and pylorus-preserving gastrectomies were performed in 18 and 2 patients, respectively. All clips were detected in 15 patients, indicating a detection rate of 75.0% (90% confidence interval: 54.4%-89.6%). Furthermore, no complications related to the clips were observed. The median distance between the clips and stitches was 5 (range, 0–10) mm. We report the feasibility and safety of preoperative placement and intraoperative detection of near-infrared fluorescent marking clips in laparoscopic gastrectomy. • This study analyzed diagnostic performance of fluorescent marking clips in laparoscopic gastrectomy. • The detection rate of the clips under fluorescent observation was 75.0%. • Placement and detection of the fluorescent clips in laparoscopic gastrectomy are feasible and safe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The safety and efficacy of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy (nICT) for locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC) remain controversial. Methods: Patients with LAGC who received either nICT or neoadjuvant chemotherapy (nCT) at 3 tertiary referral teaching hospitals in China between January 2016 and October 2022 were analyzed. After propensity-score matching (PSM), comparing the radiological response, pathological response rate, perioperative outcomes, and early recurrence between the two groups. Results: After PSM, 585 patients were included, with 195 and 390 patients comprising the nICT and nCT groups, respectively. The nICT group exhibited a higher objective response rate (79.5% vs. 59.0%; P<0.001), pathological complete response rate (14.36% vs. 6.41%; P=0.002) and major pathological response rate (39.49% vs. 26.15%; P =0.001) compared with the nCT group. The incidence of surgical complications (17.44% vs. 16.15%, P =0.694) and the proportion of perioperative textbook outcomes (80.0% vs. 81.0%; P= 0.767) were similar in both groups. The nICT group had a significantly lower proportion of early recurrence than the nCT group (29.7% vs. 40.8%; P =0.047). Furthermore, the multivariable logistic analysis revealed that immunotherapy was an independent protective factor against early recurrence [odds ratio 0.62 (95% CI 0.41-0.92); P= 0.018]. No significant difference was found in neoadjuvant therapy drug toxicity between the two groups (51.79% vs. 45.38%; P= 0.143). Conclusions: Compared with nCT, nICT is safe and effective, which significantly enhanced objective and pathological response rates and reduced the risk for early recurrence among patients with LAGC. Trial registration: Clinical Trials.gov. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Though laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) has become the gold standard for gastric cancer treatment according to the Japanese treatment guidelines, its learning curve remains steep. Decreasing numbers of surgeons and transitions in the work environment have changed LG training recently. We analyzed LG training over the last decade to identify factors affecting the learning curve. Study Design: Laparoscopic distal and pylorus‐preserving gastrectomies conducted between 2010 and 2020 were included. We assessed learning curves based on the standard operation time (SOT) defined by analysis of covariance. Then we divided the trainees into two groups based on the length of the learning curve and examined the factors affecting the learning curve with linear regression analysis. Results: Among 2335 LGs, 960 cases treated by 27 trainees and 1301 cases treated by six attending surgeons were analyzed. The operation time was prolonged (p = 0.009) and postoperative morbidity rates were lower (p = 0.0003) for cases treated by trainees. Trainees experienced 38 (range, 9–81) cases as scopists and nine (range, 0–41) cases as first assistants to the first operator. The learning curve was approximately 30 cases. The SOT was calculated based on gender, body mass index, tumor location, reconstruction, and lymph node dissection. Trainees who had shorter learning curves had more experience (51–100 cases) with any laparoscopic surgery before LG training than the others (11–50 cases, p = 0.017). Conclusion: Sufficient experience with laparoscopic surgery before starting LG training might contribute to the efficiency of LG training and shorten the learning curve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The association between postoperative complications and long‐term survival after laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) for gastric cancer (GC) remains uncertain. This study aimed to determine the incidence and risk factors of postoperative complications and evaluate their impact on survival outcomes in patients undergoing LG. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 621 patients who underwent LG for gastric adenocarcinoma between March 2015 and December 2021. Postoperative complications were classified according to the Clavien–Dindo classification, with major complications defined as Grade III or higher. Logistic regression models with stepwise backward procedure were used to identify risk factors for complications. To assess the impact of postoperative complications on survival, uni‐ and multi‐variable Cox proportional hazard models were used for overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS). Results: Overall rate of postoperative complications was 17.6% (109 patients); 33 patients (5.3%) had major complications. Independent risk factors for major complications were Charlson comorbidities index (OR [95% CI], 1.87 [1.09–3.12], p‐value = 0.018 for each one score increase), and type of anastomosis (OR [95% CI], 0.28 [0.09–0.91], p‐value = 0.029 when comparing Billroth II with Billroth I). Multivariable analysis identified major complications as an independent prognostic factor to reduce OS (HR [95% CI], 2.32 [1.02–5.30], p‐value = 0.045) and DFS (HR [95% CI], 2.63 [1.37–5.06], p‐value = 0.004). Other prognostic factors for decreased survival outcomes were tumor size, presence of invasive lymph nodes, and T4a stage. Conclusions: Major complications rate of LG for GC was approximately 5.3%. Charlson comorbidities index and type of anastomosis were identified as risk factors for major postoperative complications. Major complications were demonstrated to pose adverse impact on survival outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: A novel external oblique intercostal block (EOIB) might have analgesic effects on T6-10 and be indicated for laparoscopic gastrectomy. However, EOIB effects on postoperative pain are unknown. We aim to generate evidence to support such EOIB application. We will compare the efficacy of EOIB and wound infiltration (WI) in a single-center, single-blind, randomized controlled trial. Methods: We will assess plasma concentrations of levobupivacaine after EOIB, its pharmacokinetics, and the pinprick test in patients randomly assigned to receive EOIB or WI before laparoscopic or robot-assisted gastric distal or total gastrectomy. The EOIB and WI will start after general anesthesia induction with 20 and 40 mL of 0.25% levobupivacaine per side, respectively, before skin closure. The outcomes will be numeric rating scale (NRS) scores at 12 h postoperatively (primary) and postoperative NRS scores at 2, 24, and 48 h; fentanyl application; QoR-15 scores on postoperative days 1, 2, and 7; and World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 scores at 3 months (secondary). Conclusions: We hope that our study will provide evidence to support EOIB application in laparoscopic surgery. Plasma concentrations will help determine levobupivacaine pharmacokinetics, which if similar to conventional nerve blocks, will indicate EOIB's safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract To examine the influence of Body Mass Index (BMI) on laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) short-term and long-term outcomes for gastric cancer. A retrospective analysis was conducted on gastric cancer patients undergoing LG at the Third Hospital of Nanchang City from January 2013 to January 2022. Based on WHO BMI standards, patients were categorized into normal weight, overweight, and obese groups. Factors such as operative time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative complications, and overall survival were assessed. Across different BMI groups, it was found that an increase in BMI was associated with longer operative times (average times: 206.22 min for normal weight, 231.32 min for overweight, and 246.78 min for obese), with no significant differences noted in intraoperative blood loss, postoperative complications, or long-term survival among the groups. The impact of BMI on long-term survival following LG for gastric cancer was found to be insignificant, with no notable differences in survival outcome between different BMI groups. Although higher BMI is associated with increased operative time in LG for gastric cancer, it does not significantly affect intraoperative blood loss, postoperative complications, recovery, or long-term survival. LG is a feasible treatment choice for obese patients with gastric cancer.

Abstract Background ​The applicability of laparoscopy to nonmetastatic T4a patients with gastric cancer remains unclear due to the lack of high-quality evidence. The purpose of this study was to compare the survival rates of laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) versus open gastrectomy (OG) for these patients through a meta-analysis of reconstructed individual participant data from propensity score-matched studies. Methods PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane library and CNKI were examined for relevant studies without language restrictions through July 25, 2023. Individual participant data on overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were extracted from the published Kaplan-Meier survival curves. One-stage and two-stage meta-analyses were performed. In addition, data regarding surgical outcomes and recurrence patterns were also collected, which were meta-analyzed using traditional aggregated data. Results Six studies comprising 1860 patients were included for analysis. In the one-stage meta-analyses, the results demonstrated that LG was associated with a significantly better DFS (Random-effects model: P = 0.027; Restricted mean survival time [RMST] up to 5 years: P = 0.033) and a comparable OS (Random-effects model: P = 0.135; RMST up to 5 years: P = 0.053) than OG for T4a gastric cancer patients. Two-stage meta-analyses resulted in similar results, with a 13% reduced hazard of cancer-related death (P = 0.04) and 10% reduced hazard of overall mortality (P = 0.11) in the LG group. For secondary outcomes, the pooled results showed an association of LG with less estimated blood loss, faster postoperative recovery and more retrieved lymph nodes. Conclusion Laparoscopic surgery for patients with nonmetastatic T4a disease is associated with a potential survival benefit and improved surgical outcomes.

Abstract Objective This study introduced the modified Q-type purse-string suture duodenal stump embedding method, a convenient way to strengthen the duodenum, and compared it to the conventional one to assess its efficacy and safety. Methods This retrospective analysis examined 612 patients who received laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric Cancer at a single center. The patients were divided into Not Reinforced Group (n = 205) and Reinforced Group (n = 407) according to the surgical approach to the duodenal stump. The reinforced group was further divided into a modified Q-type purse-string suture embedding method group (QM, n = 232) and a conventional suture duodenal stump embedding method group (CM, n = 175) according to the methods of duodenal stump enhancement. Clinicopathological characteristics, operative variables, and short-term complications were documented and analyzed. Results The incidence of duodenal stump leakage(DSL) in the Not Reinforced Group was higher compared to the Reinforced Group, although the difference was not statistically significant [2.4% (5/205) vs 0.7% (3/407), p = 0.339]. Additionally, the Not Reinforced Group exhibited a higher rate of Reoperation due to DSL compared to the Reinforced Group [2 (1.0%) vs. 0, p = 0.046], with one patient in the Not Reinforced Group experiencing mortality due to DSL [1 (0.5%) vs 0, p = 0.158]. Subgroup analysis within the Reinforced Group revealed that the modified Q-type purse-string suture embedding group (QM) subgroup demonstrated statistically significant advantages over the conventional suture embedding group (CM) subgroup. QM exhibited shorter purse-string closure times (4.11 ± 1.840 vs. 6.05 ± 1.577, p = 0.001), higher purse-string closure success rates (93.1% vs. 77.7%, p = 0.001), and greater satisfaction with purse-string closure [224 (96.6%) vs 157 (89.7%), p = 0.005]. No occurrences of duodenal stump leakage were observed in the QM subgroup, while the CM subgroup experienced two cases [2 (1.1%)], though the difference was not statistically significant. Both groups did not exhibit statistically significant differences in secondary surgery or mortality related to duodenal stump leakage. Conclusion Duodenal Stump Leakage (DSL) is a severe but low-incidence complication. There is no statistically significant relationship between the reinforcement of the duodenal stump and the incidence of DSL. However, laparoscopic reinforcement of the duodenal stump can reduce the severity of fistulas and the probability of Reoperation. The laparoscopic Q-type purse-string suture duodenal stump embedding method is a simple and effective technique that can, to some extent, shorten the operation time and enhance satisfaction with purse-string closure. There is a trend towards reducing the incidence of DSL, thereby improving patient prognosis to a certain extent.

To examine the influence of Body Mass Index (BMI) on laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) short-term and long-term outcomes for gastric cancer. A retrospective analysis was conducted on gastric cancer patients undergoing LG at the Third Hospital of Nanchang City from January 2013 to January 2022. Based on WHO BMI standards, patients were categorized into normal weight, overweight, and obese groups. Factors such as operative time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative complications, and overall survival were assessed. Across different BMI groups, it was found that an increase in BMI was associated with longer operative times (average times: 206.22 min for normal weight, 231.32 min for overweight, and 246.78 min for obese), with no significant differences noted in intraoperative blood loss, postoperative complications, or long-term survival among the groups. The impact of BMI on long-term survival following LG for gastric cancer was found to be insignificant, with no notable differences in survival outcome between different BMI groups. Although higher BMI is associated with increased operative time in LG for gastric cancer, it does not significantly affect intraoperative blood loss, postoperative complications, recovery, or long-term survival. LG is a feasible treatment choice for obese patients with gastric cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Postoperative pancreas-related complications (PPRCs) are common after laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) in patients with gastric cancer. We estimated the anatomical location of the pancreas on a computed tomography (CT) image and investigated its impact on the incidence of PPRCs after LG. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the preoperative CT images of 203 patients who underwent LG for gastric cancer between January 2010 and December 2017. From these images, we measured the gap between the upper edge of the pancreatic body and the root of the common hepatic artery. We evaluated the potential relationship between PPRCs and the gap between pancreas and common hepatic artery (GPC) status using an analysis based on the median cutoff value and assessed the impact of GPC status on PPRC incidence. We performed univariate and multivariate analyses to identify predictive factors for PPRC. Result: Postoperative pancreas-related complications occurred in 11 patients (5.4%). The median of the optimal cutoff GPC value for predicting PPRC was 0 mm; therefore, we classified the GPC status into two groups: GPC plus group and GPC minus group. Univariate analysis revealed that sex (male), C-reactive protein (CRP) >.07 mg/dl, GPC plus, and visceral fat area (VFA) > 99 cm2 were associated with the development of PPRC. Multivariate analysis identified only GPC plus as independent predictor of PPRC (hazard ratio: 4.60 [95% confidence interval 1.11-31.15], P =.034). Conclusion: The GPC is a simple and reliable predictor of PPRC after LG. Surgeons should evaluate GPC status on preoperative CT images before proceeding with laparoscopic gastric cancer surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Laparoscopic surgery for early gastric cancer is regarded as a standard of care because of robust evidences obtained by several phase-III trials. Furthermore, the efficacy of laparoscopic radical surgery for advanced gastric cancer has been also reported. Meanwhile, the feasibility of laparoscopic surgery for Bormann type 4 gastric cancer, special type with unfavorable prognosis, remains unclear since excluded from eligibility of these trials. Methods: This study included 100 patients with type 4 gastric cancer who underwent laparoscopic/robot-assisted (minimally invasive surgery (MIS) group; n = 32) or open (Open group; n = 68) curative surgery between 2008 and 2021. After propensity score matching, 30 patients in each group were extracted for analysis. Clinical data, including surgical and midterm survival outcomes, were retrospectively compared between the two groups. Results: Incidences of postoperative complication (≥ Clavien–Dindo grade III) were recorded in 23.3% in the MIS group and 13.3% in the Open group, but no statistical significance was demonstrated (P = 0.50). The 3-year overall survival rate in the MIS group was better than that in the Open group (80.2% vs. 53.5%, log-rank, P = 0.03). The trend of recurrence site was similar. Multivariate analysis showed that adjuvant chemotherapy was an independent favorable prognostic factor (hazard ratio, 0.33, 95% confidence interval 0.11–0.93) for overall survival. MIS was indicated as a favorable prognostic factor (hazard ratio, 0.39, 95% confidence interval 0.39–1.07), but without statistical difference. Conclusion: While multidisciplinary treatment is mainstay of treatment because of the poor prognosis of this disease, minimally invasive surgery may play an important role in treatment if appropriate patient selection is done. Further analyses with larger sample size are necessary to reach a final conclusion regarding oncological efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The role of minimally invasive surgery using robotics versus laparoscopy in resectable gastric cancer patients with a high body mass index (BMI) remains controversial. Methods: A total of 482 gastric adenocarcinoma patients with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 who underwent minimally invasive radical gastrectomy between August 2016 and December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed, including 109 cases in the robotic gastrectomy (RG) group and 321 cases in the laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) group. Propensity score matching (PSM) with a 1:1 ratio was performed, and the perioperative outcomes, lymph node dissection, and 3-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates were compared. Results: After PSM, 109 patients were included in each of the RG and LG groups, with balanced baseline characteristics. Compared with the LG group, the RG group had similar intraoperative estimated blood loss [median (IQR) 30 (20–50) vs. 35 (30–59) mL, median difference (95%CI) − 5 (− 10 to 0)], postoperative complications [13.8% vs. 18.3%, OR (95%CI) 0.71 (0.342 to 1.473)], postoperative recovery, total harvested lymph nodes [(34.25 ± 13.43 vs. 35.44 ± 14.12, mean difference (95%CI) − 1.19 (− 4.871 to 2.485)] and textbook outcomes [(81.7% vs. 76.1%, OR (95%CI) 1.39 (0.724 to 2.684)]. Among pathological stage II–III patients receiving chemotherapy, the initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy in the RG group was similar to that in the LG group [median (IQR): 28 (25.5–32.5) vs. 32 (27–38.5) days, median difference (95%CI) − 3 (− 6 to 0)]. The 3-year OS (RG vs. LG: 80.7% vs. 81.7%, HR = 1.048, 95%CI 0.591 to 1.857) and DFS (78% vs. 76.1%, HR = 0.996, 95%CI 0.584 to 1.698) were comparable between the two groups. Conclusion: RG conferred comparable lymph node dissection, postoperative recovery, and oncologic outcomes in a selected cohort of patients with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: We performed a propensity score matched study comparing patients' short- and long-term results after laparoscopic omentum-preserving gastrectomy and open surgery with omentectomy with UICC stages 0–IV. Methods: Between 2015 and 2022, 311 patients with gastric cancer underwent surgery at the University Clinical Centre Maribor. Of these, 249 met the inclusion criteria and 198 were included in the study group after PSM. Results: Patients in both groups were well-balanced in demographic and pathological characteristics after PSM. There was no significant difference in the 5-year survival between groups (LAP: 62.2% vs. OPN: 54.4%; p = 0.950). The Cox regression model identified UICC stage and age as significant predictors for survival. In both groups, peritoneal dissemination was the most common site of recurrence. The multivariate analysis identified the UICC stage as a significant predictor for peritoneal recurrence, while omental preservation was not associated with a higher risk of peritoneal dissemination. Omentum preservation was not associated with more intestinal obstruction. Patients in the LAP group had significantly shorter hospital stays (LAP: 9(6) vs. OPN: 10(5); p = 0.009), less postoperative morbidity (LAP: 17% vs. OPN: 23.4%; p = 0.009), and significantly more extracted LNs per operation compared to open surgery (LAP: 31 ± 11 LNs vs. OPN: 25 ± 12 LNs; p = 0.002). Conclusion: Based on our results, we recommend the use of laparoscopic omentum-preserving gastrectomy in patients with early and advanced gastric cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of indocyanine green (ICG)-guided lymph node (LN) dissection during laparoscopic radical gastrectomy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC). Background: Studies on ICG imaging use in patients with LAGC on NAC are rare. Methods: Patients with gastric adenocarcinoma (clinical T2-4NanyM0) who received NAC were randomly assigned to receive ICG-guided laparoscopic radical gastrectomy or laparoscopic radical gastrectomy alone. Here, we reported the secondary endpoints including the quality of lymphadenectomy (total retrieved LNs and LN noncompliance) and surgical outcomes. Results: Overall, 240 patients were randomized. Of whom, 236 patients were included in the primary analysis (118 in the ICG group and 118 in the non-ICG group). In the ICG group, the mean number of LNs retrieved was significantly higher than in the non-ICG group within the D2 dissection (48.2 vs 38.3, P < 0.001). The ICG fluorescence guidance significantly decreased the LN noncompliance rates (33.9% vs 55.1%, P = 0.001). In 165 patients without baseline measurable LNs, ICG significantly increased the number of retrieved LNs and decreased the LN noncompliance rate (P < 0.05). For 71 patients with baseline measurable LNs, the quality of lymphadenectomy significantly improved in those who had a complete response (P < 0.05) but not in those who did not (P > 0.05). Surgical outcomes were comparable between the groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions: ICG can effectively improve the quality of lymphadenectomy in patients with LAGC who underwent laparoscopic radical gastrectomy after NAC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: ​The applicability of laparoscopy to nonmetastatic T4a patients with gastric cancer remains unclear due to the lack of high-quality evidence. The purpose of this study was to compare the survival rates of laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) versus open gastrectomy (OG) for these patients through a meta-analysis of reconstructed individual participant data from propensity score-matched studies. Methods: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane library and CNKI were examined for relevant studies without language restrictions through July 25, 2023. Individual participant data on overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were extracted from the published Kaplan-Meier survival curves. One-stage and two-stage meta-analyses were performed. In addition, data regarding surgical outcomes and recurrence patterns were also collected, which were meta-analyzed using traditional aggregated data. Results: Six studies comprising 1860 patients were included for analysis. In the one-stage meta-analyses, the results demonstrated that LG was associated with a significantly better DFS (Random-effects model: P = 0.027; Restricted mean survival time [RMST] up to 5 years: P = 0.033) and a comparable OS (Random-effects model: P = 0.135; RMST up to 5 years: P = 0.053) than OG for T4a gastric cancer patients. Two-stage meta-analyses resulted in similar results, with a 13% reduced hazard of cancer-related death (P = 0.04) and 10% reduced hazard of overall mortality (P = 0.11) in the LG group. For secondary outcomes, the pooled results showed an association of LG with less estimated blood loss, faster postoperative recovery and more retrieved lymph nodes. Conclusion: Laparoscopic surgery for patients with nonmetastatic T4a disease is associated with a potential survival benefit and improved surgical outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the short-term and long-term outcomes between robotic gastrectomy (RG) and laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) for gastric cancer. Background: The clinical outcomes of RG over LG have not yet been effectively demonstrated. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 3599 patients with gastric cancer who underwent radical gastrectomy at eight high-volume hospitals in China from January 2015 to June 2019. Propensity score matching was performed between patients who received RG and LG. The primary end point was 3-year disease-free survival (DFS). Results: After 1:1 propensity score matching, 1034 pairs of patients were enrolled in a balanced cohort for further analysis. The 3-year DFS in the RG and LG was 83.7% and 83.1% (P=0.745), respectively, and the 3-year overall survival was 85.2% and 84.4%, respectively (P= 0.647). During 3 years of follow-up, 154 patients in the RG and LG groups relapsed (cumulative incidence of recurrence: 15.0% vs 15.0%, P= 0.988). There was no significant difference in the recurrence sites between the 2 groups (all P>0.05). Sensitivity analysis showed that RG had comparable 3-year DFS (77.4% vs 76.7%, P= 0.745) and overall survival (79.7% vs 78.4%, P= 0.577) to LG in patients with advanced (pathologic T2-4a) disease, and the recurrence pattern within 3 years was also similar between the 2 groups (all P>0.05). RG had less intraoperative blood loss, lower conversion rate, and shorter hospital stays than LG (all P> 0.05). Conclusions: For resectable gastric cancer, including advanced cases, RG is a safe approach with comparable 3-year oncological outcomes to LG when performed by experienced surgeons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study introduced the modified Q-type purse-string suture duodenal stump embedding method, a convenient way to strengthen the duodenum, and compared it to the conventional one to assess its efficacy and safety. Methods: This retrospective analysis examined 612 patients who received laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric Cancer at a single center. The patients were divided into Not Reinforced Group (n = 205) and Reinforced Group (n = 407) according to the surgical approach to the duodenal stump. The reinforced group was further divided into a modified Q-type purse-string suture embedding method group (QM, n = 232) and a conventional suture duodenal stump embedding method group (CM, n = 175) according to the methods of duodenal stump enhancement. Clinicopathological characteristics, operative variables, and short-term complications were documented and analyzed. Results: The incidence of duodenal stump leakage(DSL) in the Not Reinforced Group was higher compared to the Reinforced Group, although the difference was not statistically significant [2.4% (5/205) vs 0.7% (3/407), p = 0.339]. Additionally, the Not Reinforced Group exhibited a higher rate of Reoperation due to DSL compared to the Reinforced Group [2 (1.0%) vs. 0, p = 0.046], with one patient in the Not Reinforced Group experiencing mortality due to DSL [1 (0.5%) vs 0, p = 0.158]. Subgroup analysis within the Reinforced Group revealed that the modified Q-type purse-string suture embedding group (QM) subgroup demonstrated statistically significant advantages over the conventional suture embedding group (CM) subgroup. QM exhibited shorter purse-string closure times (4.11 ± 1.840 vs. 6.05 ± 1.577, p = 0.001), higher purse-string closure success rates (93.1% vs. 77.7%, p = 0.001), and greater satisfaction with purse-string closure [224 (96.6%) vs 157 (89.7%), p = 0.005]. No occurrences of duodenal stump leakage were observed in the QM subgroup, while the CM subgroup experienced two cases [2 (1.1%)], though the difference was not statistically significant. Both groups did not exhibit statistically significant differences in secondary surgery or mortality related to duodenal stump leakage. Conclusion: Duodenal Stump Leakage (DSL) is a severe but low-incidence complication. There is no statistically significant relationship between the reinforcement of the duodenal stump and the incidence of DSL. However, laparoscopic reinforcement of the duodenal stump can reduce the severity of fistulas and the probability of Reoperation. The laparoscopic Q-type purse-string suture duodenal stump embedding method is a simple and effective technique that can, to some extent, shorten the operation time and enhance satisfaction with purse-string closure. There is a trend towards reducing the incidence of DSL, thereby improving patient prognosis to a certain extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Textbook oncologic outcome (TOO) is a composite outcome measure realized when all desired short-term quality metrics are met following an oncologic operation. This study examined whether minimally invasive gastrectomy (MIG) is associated with increased likelihood of TOO attainment. Methods: The 2010–2016 National Cancer Database was queried for patients with gastric cancer who underwent gastrectomy. Surgical approach was described as open (OG), laparoscopic (LG), or robotic (RG). TOO was defined as having met five metrics: R0 resection, AJCC compliant lymph node evaluation (n ≥ 15), no prolonged length of stay (< 75th percentile by year), no 30-day readmission, and receipt of guideline-accordant systemic therapy. Results: Of 21,015 patients identified, 5708 (27.2%) underwent MIG (LG = 21.9%, RG = 5.3%). Patients who underwent RG were more likely to have met all TOO criteria, and consequently TOO. Logistic regression models revealed that patients undergoing MIG were significantly more likely to attain TOO. MIG was associated with a higher likelihood of adequate LAD, no prolonged LOS, and concordant chemotherapy. Patients who underwent LG and achieved TOO had the highest median OS (86.7 months), while the OG non-TOO cohort experienced the lowest (34.6 months). The median OS for the RG TOO group was not estimable; however, the mortality rate (.7%) was the lowest of the six cohorts. Conclusion: RG resulted in a significantly increased likelihood of TOO attainment. Although TOO is associated with increased OS across all surgical approaches, attainment of TOO following MIG is associated with a statistically significantly higher median OS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) requires a long learning curve because of the complicated surgical procedures. Infrapyloric (No. 6) lymph node dissection (LND) is one of the difficult procedures in LG, especially for trainees. This study investigated the impact of the prediction of the difficulty of No. 6 LND. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the preoperative computed tomography (CT) images and individual operative video records of 57 patients who underwent LG with No. 6 LND to define and predict the No. 6 LND difficulty. To evaluate whether prediction of the difficulty of No. 6 LND could improve surgical outcomes, 48 patients who underwent laparoscopic distal gastrectomy were assessed (30 patients without prediction by a qualified surgeon and 18 patients with prediction by a trainee). Results The anatomical characteristic that LND required > 2 cm of dissection along the right gastroepiploic vein was defined as difficulty of No. 6 LND. Of the 57 LG patients, difficulty was identified intraoperatively in 21 patients (36.8%). Among the several evaluated anatomical parameters, the length between the right gastroepiploic vein and the right gastroepiploic artery in the maximum intensity projection in contrast-enhanced CT images was significantly correlated with the intraoperative difficulty of No. 6 LND (p

Abstract Aim To compare the effects of open (OG) and laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) on body composition and muscle strength. Methods This study performed a propensity score matching analysis using cases from a large‐scale, multicenter, phase III randomized controlled trial concerning oral nutritional supplements after gastrectomy and analyzed both the whole and matched cohorts. Measurements of body composition and hand grip strength (HGS) were performed at baseline (preoperatively) and at 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 months after gastrectomy. Results Of 835 patients, 275 and 560 underwent OG and LG, respectively. Skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and HGS loss were significantly lesser in the LG group than in the OG group. The propensity score‐matched analysis, including 120 pairs of patients, confirmed that the % SMM loss values at 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 POM were −4.5%, −4.0%, −4.7%, −4.6%, and −5.8% in the OG group and −3.0%, −1.9%, −2.4%, −2.2%, and −2.7% in the LG group, respectively. The % SMM loss was significantly lesser in the LG group than in the OG group (repeated measures ANOVA p

Background: Routine performance of a prophylactic postoperative drainage after abdominal surgeries was done to prevent and manage postoperative intra-abdominal complications. Sure evidence to avoid routine performance of prophylactic drainage after surgery in gastric cancer (GC) patients and its role in reducing postoperative morbidity was not reached yet. Aim: The aim of the present study was to compare between patients who underwent prophylactic drainage and patients who did not undergo prophylactic drainage following total laparoscopic gastrectomy in patients diagnosed with distal GC. Patients and methods: We included 150 patients who underwent totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy for surgical management of histopathologically confirmed GCs. We divided patients into two groups, the first group included 100 patients and underwent totally laparoscopic gastrectomy with prophylactic drainage, and the other group included 50 patients underwent totally laparoscopic gastrectomy without performing drainage. We compare between both included groups regarding short-term and long-term outcomes. Results: Operative times in the group of patients who have drain group were longer than that in those with no drain. We showed that in the group of patients with drain, the number of days from time of surgery to time of soft diet initiation and time to first flatus was more than that in the no drain group. Conclusion: Avoiding prophylactic drain insertion in some patients after performing totally laparoscopic gastrectomy for management of gastric cancer could be feasible. It increases patients comfort without increasing the risk of postoperative complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patients with T1-3N0M0 gastric cancer (GC) who undergo radical gastrectomy maintain a high recurrence rate. The free cancer cells in the mesogastric adipose connective tissue (Metastasis V) maybe the reason for recurrence in these individuals. We aimed to evaluate whether D2 lymphadenectomy plus complete mesogastrium excision (D2 + CME) was superior to D2 lymphadenectomy with regard to safety and oncological efficacy for T1-3N0M0 GC. Methods: Patients with T1-3N0M0 GC who underwent radical resection from January 2014 to July 2018 were retrospectively analyzed; there were 323 patients, of whom 185 were in the D2 + CME group and 138 in the D2 group. The primary endpoint was 5-year disease-free survival (DFS). Secondary endpoints include the 5-year overall survival (OS), recurrence pattern, morbidity, mortality, and surgical outcomes. Results: D2 + CME was associated with less intraoperative bleeding loss, a greater number of lymph nodes harvested, and less time to first postoperative flatus, but the postoperative morbidity was similar. The 5-year DFS was 95.6% (95% CI 92.7–98.5%) and 90.4% (95% CI 85.5–95.3%) in the D2 + CME group and the D2 group, respectively, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.455 (95% CI 0.188–1.097; p = 0.071). In terms of recurrence patterns, local recurrence was more prone to occur in the D2 group (p = 0.031). Subgroup analysis indicated that for patients with T1b-3N0M0 GC, the 5-year DFS in the D2 + CME group was considerably greater than that in the D2 group (95.3% [95% CI 91.6–99.0%] vs. 87.6% [95% CI 80.7–94.5%], HR 0.369, 95% CI 0.138–0.983; log-rank p = 0.043). Conclusion: Laparoscopic D2 + CME for T1-3N0M0 GC is safe and feasible. Furthermore, it not only reduces the local recurrence rate but also improves the 5-year DFS in cases of T1b-3N0M0 GC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Epidural analgesia (EDA) is a main modality for postoperative pain relief in major open abdominal surgery within the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery protocol. However, it remains unclear whether EDA is an imperative modality in laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG). This study examined non-inferiority of patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) to EDA in terms of postoperative pain and recovery in patients who underwent LG. Methods In this open-label, non-inferiority, parallel, individually randomized clinical trial, patients who underwent elective LG for gastric cancer were randomized 1:1 to receive either EDA or PCIA after surgery. The primary endpoint was pain score using the Numerical Rating Scale at rest 24 h after surgery, analysed both according to the intention-to-treat (ITT) principle and per protocol. The non-inferiority margin for pain score was set at 1. Secondary outcomes were postoperative parameters related to recovery and adverse events related to analgesia. Results Between 3 July 2017 and 29 September 2020, 132 patients were randomized to receive either EDA (n = 66) or PCIA (n = 66). After exclusions, 64 patients were included in the EDA group and 65 patients in the PCIA group for the ITT analysis. Pain score at rest 24 h after surgery was 1.94 (s.d. 2.07) in the EDA group and 2.63 (s.d. 1.76) in the PCIA group (P = 0.043). PCIA was not non-inferior to EDA for the primary endpoint (difference 0.69, one side 95% c.i. 1.25, P = 0.184) in ITT analysis. Postoperative parameters related to recovery were similar between groups. More EDA patients (21 (32.8%) versus 1 (1.5%), P < 0.001) developed postoperative hypotension as an adverse event. Conclusions PCIA was not non-inferior to EDA in terms of early-phase pain relief after LG. Registration number: UMIN000027643 (https://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/index-j.htm). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and safety of intraoperative assessment of anastomotic blood supply in patients undergoing esophagojejunostomy or esophagogastrostomy for gastric cancer using Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Imaging (IGFI). Materials and methods: From January 2019 to October 2021, we conducted a retrospective analysis of patients who had undergone laparoscopic gastrectomy for the treatment of gastric cancer. The patients were consecutively enrolled and categorized into two study groups: the Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Imaging (IGFI) group consisting of 86 patients, and the control group comprising 92 patients. In the IGFI group, intravenous administration of Indocyanine Green (ICG) was performed, and we utilized a fluorescence camera system to assess anastomotic blood supply both before and after the anastomosis. Results: The demographic characteristics of patients in both groups were found to be comparable. In the IGFI group, the mean time to observe perfusion fluorescence was 26.3 ± 12.0 seconds post-ICG injection, and six patients needed to select amore proximal resection point due to insufficient fluorescence at their initial site of choice. Notably, the IGFI group exhibited a lower incidence of postoperative anastomotic leakage, with no significant disparities observed in terms of pathological outcomes, postoperative recovery, or other postoperative complication rates when compared to the control group (p > 0.05). Conclusion: This study underscores the potential of IGFI as a dependable and pragmatic tool for the assessment of anastomotic blood supply following esophagojejunostomy or esophagogastrostomy for gastric cancer. The use of IGFI may potentially reduce the occurrence of postoperative anastomotic leakage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer (GC) are increasing, yet the evidence of the relationship between the learning curve and long-term outcomes is limited. To analyze the relationship between the learning curve and survival in GC patients over a 10-year period. This retrospective cohort study studied 3674 patients who underwent laparoscopic radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Cusum and Cox regression analysis were used to assess the association between the surgeon's experience and the 3 years overall survival (OS). The 3-year OS of all patients was 71.8 %. This increase of 3-year OS was associated with laparoscopic cases (r = 0.638, p = 0.047). Analysis of the CUSUM curve showed a significant change in the 3-year OS of 1400 cases. Further propensity score matching (PSM) of patients during and after the learning curve (<1400 and ≥ 1400 cases) showed a significant difference in the 3-year OS between the two groups (68.5 % vs. 72.3 %, p = 0.045). Cox regression analysis verified that in ≥1400 cases, prior laparoscopic surgery (p = 0.045), textbook outcome (TO) and the number of retrieved lymph nodes (LNs) were independent protective factors. The LN non-compliance rate was an independent risk factor. In contrast, the rate of TO and the median number of retrieved LNs were significantly higher after the learning curve (≥1400 cases). Furthermore, the rates of LN non-compliance were significantly lower (p < 0.05). Increasing laparoscopic surgical experience is associated with surgical quality and prognostic improvement in patients with gastric cancer. But improvements in outcomes accrued slowly over a long period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To compare the effects of open (OG) and laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) on body composition and muscle strength. Methods: This study performed a propensity score matching analysis using cases from a large‐scale, multicenter, phase III randomized controlled trial concerning oral nutritional supplements after gastrectomy and analyzed both the whole and matched cohorts. Measurements of body composition and hand grip strength (HGS) were performed at baseline (preoperatively) and at 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 months after gastrectomy. Results: Of 835 patients, 275 and 560 underwent OG and LG, respectively. Skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and HGS loss were significantly lesser in the LG group than in the OG group. The propensity score‐matched analysis, including 120 pairs of patients, confirmed that the % SMM loss values at 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 POM were −4.5%, −4.0%, −4.7%, −4.6%, and −5.8% in the OG group and −3.0%, −1.9%, −2.4%, −2.2%, and −2.7% in the LG group, respectively. The % SMM loss was significantly lesser in the LG group than in the OG group (repeated measures ANOVA p < 0.001). The HGS loss was non‐significantly smaller in the LG group than in the OG group. Conclusion: Skeletal muscle mass loss was significantly lesser in the LG group than in the OG group in both cohorts, indicating that LG may be more effective than OG for maintaining muscle mass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The weakest link in laparoscopic gastrectomy is the esophageal anastomosis, the reliability of which, despite the large number of proposed techniques, remains insufficient. The article presents modern methods of intracorporeal esophageal anastomosis, assesses their advantages and disadvantages. Almost all techniques use a single-layered, mostly mechanical, suture. The probability of maintaining the tightness of a single-layered esophageal anastomosis in case of its healing by secondary tension is extremely small. The experience of open surgery has shown that the placement of the terminal esophagus and the first layer of sutures of anastomosis in a serous-muscular sheath, which is formed from the wall of the intestine or stomach using invagination or wrapping methods, provides a greater likelihood of maintaining the tightness of the anastomosis in any type of healing. Expanding indications for the use of these methods in open surgery and developing a technique for intracorporeal esophageal anastomosis with covering the first layer of sutures of anastomosis with the wall of the anastomosed organ seems to be a promising direction that can significantly reduce the incidence of anastomotic leak both in open and laparoscopic surgery.

Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is increasingly becoming the recommended treatment for locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC) with promising results. According to previous reports, few studies have evaluated the benefits of laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) after NACT. Methods: 135 patients from our center who underwent gastrectomy with NACT were available, including 41 patients of LG and 94 OG between July 2018 and July 2022. To reduce selection bias, we used the nearest neighbor method and set caliper = 0.2 for 3:1 matching between LG and OG groups for propensity score matching method (PSM). After PSM, the matched 41 patients with LG and 80 patients with OG formed the cohort, respectively. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses were performed on all variables to determine independent risk factors associated with survival. Results: LG had a longer operating time compared to OG [260.00 min (220.00 min, 300.00 min) vs. 200.00 min (160.00 min, 260 min), P 0.05) and the incidence of postoperative complications did not show statistical differences from the OG group (P = 0.084). The type of surgery (LG vs. OG) did not show a significant risk propensity in the univariate and multivariate Cox analysis (HR = 0.69, P = 0.36, 95 % CI: 0.31–1.53). Through the Kaplan-Meier curves, a certain trend showed that the LG group had a better long-term survival outcomes than the OG group, although there was no statistical difference between two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: LG is a promising treatment option for LAGC patients receiving NACT and had an acceptable safety and efficacy compared to OG.

Laparoscopic total gastrectomy (LTG) for remnant gastric cancer (RGC) requires advanced techniques due to severe postoperative adhesions and anatomic changes. We performed LTG in 2 patients with RGC using intraoperative indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging. Both cases previously underwent distal gastrectomy with Billroth-I reconstruction for gastric cancer and were subsequently diagnosed with early-stage gastric cancer of the remnant stomach. Indocyanine green (2.5 mg/body) was administered intravenously during surgery. The liver and common bile duct were clearly visualized during surgery using near-infrared fluorescence laparoscopy, and the adhesions between the hepatobiliary organs and remnant stomach were safely dissected. Laparoscopic total gastrectomy was successfully performed without complications, and the postoperative course was uneventful in both cases. Intraoperative real-time ICG fluorescence imaging allows clear visualization of the liver and common bile duct and can be useful in LTG for RGC with severe adhesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Whether laparoscopic approach to gastrectomy for gastric cancer (GC) reduces the risk of pneumonia remains unknown. In this study, we compared pneumonia outcomes for patients with GC who underwent either laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) or open gastrectomy (OG). Methods: The ACS NSQIP database was queried to identify patients with GC who underwent LG or OG between Jan 2012 - Dec 2018. Outcomes were compared using regression models. A post-hoc analysis was performed for elderly patients. Results: The study cohort included 2661 patients, 23.4 % undergoing LG. Laparoscopic approach lowered pneumonia risk (OR 0.47, p = .028) and reduced hospital length of stay, (5.3 vs 7.1 days, p < .001). Elderly patients undergoing LG demonstrated similar benefits. Risk factors for pneumonia included advanced age, dyspnea and weight-loss, whereas laparoscopic approach reduced this risk. Conclusions: LG in patients with GC has both statistically and clinically significant advantages over OG with respect to pneumonia. Further studies are needed to validate the relationship between postoperative pneumonia and surgical approach for gastrectomy.

Abstract Background Outcomes of laparoscopic surgery in advanced gastric cancer patients who received neoadjuvant therapy represent a controversial issue. We performed an updated meta-analysis to evaluate the perioperative and long-term survival outcomes of laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) versus conventional open gastrectomy (OG) in this subset of patients. Methods Electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were comprehensively searched up to May 2023. The short-term and long-term outcomes of LG versus OG in advanced gastric cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy were evaluated. Effect sizes with 95% confidence intervals were always assessed using random-effects model. The prospective protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022359126). Results Eighteen studies (2 randomized controlled trials and 16 cohort studies) involving 2096 patients were included. In total, 933 patients were treated with LG and 1163 patients were treated with OG. In perioperative outcomes, LG was associated with less estimated blood loss (MD = − 65.15; P

Abstract Background There is no consensus regarding a better long‐term prognosis with laparoscopic gastrectomy than with open surgery in patients with advanced gastric cancer, especially in patients with T3 or more advanced gastric cancer. We investigated the impact of laparoscopic gastrectomy on the long‐term prognosis of patients who underwent radical gastrectomy for primary T3 or more advanced gastric cancer. Methods This single‐center, retrospective cohort study included 294 consecutive patients who underwent radical gastrectomy for primary T3 or more advanced gastric cancer from April 2008 through April 2017. We compared overall survival between laparoscopic and open surgery, using propensity score matching to adjust for baseline characteristics. We also investigated prognostic factors for overall survival by a forward stepwise procedure of Cox proportional hazards regression for multivariate analysis. Results There were 136 (46.3%) and 158 (53.7%) patients in the laparoscopy and open groups, respectively. The median follow‐up period was 39 mo. After matching, there were 97 patients in each group, with no significant differences in background characteristics. After matching, the overall survival was significantly worse in the open group than in the laparoscopy group (P

Abstract Minimally invasive gastrectomy is increasingly performed for advanced gastric cancer, but the indication for this procedure for a tumor invading adjacent structures is still limited. In cases with tumors invading the transverse mesocolon, a large tumor together with the involved mesocolon blocks the surgical view, which prevents evaluation of the extent of invasion and makes it difficult to ensure oncologically adequate resection. To solve these technical issues, we established a novel method that uses a dorsal approach. By approaching the transverse mesocolon from the dorsal side, tumor penetration and involvement of the colic vessels or pancreas can be evaluated, and margin‐free resection of the tumor becomes easier. In a series of 13 patients with mesocolon invasion, a dorsal approach enabled minimally invasive margin‐free resection in 11 cases by resection of the anterior layer of the mesocolon (n = 6); enucleation of the mesocolon (n = 4); or enucleation plus distal pancreato‐splenectomy (n = 1). Two patients with broad invasion that obstructed the view underwent combined colectomy by open conversion. A major postoperative complication of pancreatic fistula following distal pancreatectomy occurred in one case. These results suggest that a dorsal approach may be useful for minimally invasive combined resection of gastric cancer invading the transverse mesocolon.

Background: CDH1 gene mutations are the leading etiology of hereditary diffuse gastric cancer with cumulative lifetime risk ranging up to 83%. Prophylactic total gastrectomy (PTG) is, therefore, recommended for CDH1 carriers. A laparoscopic approach may reduce operative risk versus an open operation, thus leading more patients with CDH1 mutations to pursue PTG prior to cancer development. However, more experience and oncologic outcome data are needed for a laparoscopic approach and indicated lymphadenectomy. Methods: A retrospective descriptive cohort study of adult patients with CDH1 mutations who underwent laparoscopic PTG with D1 lymphadenectomy between 2012 and 2022 was conducted at a single institution. All patients had preoperative EGD screening, and those with visible tumor lesions on surveillance EGD were excluded and not considered prophylactic. Demographics, family history, pathology, and operative course were obtained. Outcomes included complications, readmission, and postoperative weight change. Results: Among 23 patients, median age was 48 years (IQR 37, 53) and 15 (65%) were female. Family history for gastric and/or lobular breast cancer was present in 22 (96%) patients. The median [IQR] time from positive genetic testing to PTG was 347 days [140, 625]. Pathologic evaluation showed five (22%) patients with foci of gastric cancer on pre-operative EGD biopsies, 10 (44%) in resected stomach specimens. All lymph nodes were negative. To address early postoperative complications, EJ anastomotic technique changed from EEA to GIA over the course of the study and feeding jejunostomy was no longer placed during PTG with minimal change in postoperative weight loss. Conclusions: This is the largest series, spanning 10 years at a single institution, dedicated solely to a laparoscopic approach for risk-reducing PTG. A laparoscopic approach with limited lymphadenectomy resulted in acceptable surgical and oncologic outcomes. Despite no visible cancer, over half of our patients had foci of early gastric cancer. Therefore, CDH1 carriers should consider laparoscopic PTG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the use of laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) as a viable approach for patients with gastric cancer. The study conducted at a cancer center in Egypt included 44 patients who underwent LG between July 2015 and June 2022. The findings indicate that LG is a feasible option for both early and advanced gastric cancer patients, offering benefits such as minimal blood loss and shorter hospital stays. The study emphasizes the advantages of LG, including improved surgical outcomes and a quicker return to daily activities. However, it acknowledges limitations such as a small sample size and retrospective design. Overall, LG is considered a suitable approach for gastric cancer patients. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for gastric cancer is increasingly performed. The purpose of this study is to evaluate trends in utilization of laparoscopic and robotic techniques compared to open surgery as well as utilization based on hospital volume. Methods: We used the National Cancer Database to query patients who underwent gastrectomy from 2010 to 2017 for adenocarcinoma. Regression analyses were used to determine associations between MIS and clinical factors, the trend of MIS over time, and survival. Results: A total of 18,380 patients met inclusion criteria. The annual rates of MIS increased for all hospital volumes, though lower volume centers were less likely to undergo MIS. MIS was associated with a shorter length of stay compared to open, and robotic gastrectomy had a higher rate of obtaining at least 15 lymph nodes and lower rate of having a positive margin. Conclusions: MIS utilization for resection of gastric cancer increased over time, with robotic surgery increasing at a higher rate than laparoscopic surgery. Importantly, this occurred without increased in mortality or sacrificing adequate oncologic outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Laparoscopic gastrectomy is a common procedure for early gastric cancer treatment. Improving postoperative pain control enhances patient recovery after surgery. The use of multimodal analgesia can potentially enhance the analgesic effect, minimize side effects, and change the postoperative management. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the efficacies of the use of patient-controlled intravenous analgesia with regular acetaminophen (PCIA + Ace) and patient-controlled thoracic epidural analgesia (PCEA) for postoperative pain control. Methods: We retrospectively collected the data of 226 patients who underwent laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (LDG) with delta-shaped anastomosis between 2016 and 2019. After 1:1 propensity-score matching, we compared 83 patients who used PCEA alone (PCEA group) with 83 patients who used PCIA + Ace (PCIA + Ace group). Postoperative pain was assessed using a numeric rating scale (NRS) with scores ranging from 0 to 10. An NRS score ≥ 4 was considered the threshold for additional intravenous rescue medication administration. Results: Although NRS scores at rest were comparable between the PCEA and PCIA + Ace groups, NRS scores of patients in the PCIA + Ace group during coughing or movement were significantly better than those of patients in the PCEA group on postoperative days 2 and 3. The frequency of additional rescue analgesic use was significantly lower in the PCIA + Ace group than in the PCEA group (1.1 vs. 2.7, respectively, p < 0.001). The rate of reduction or interruption of the patient-controlled analgesic dose was higher in the PCEA group than in the PCIA + Ace group (74.6% vs. 95.1%, respectively, p = 0.0002), mainly due to hypotension occurrence in the PCEA group. Physical recovery time, postoperative complication occurrence, and liver enzyme elevation incidence were not significantly different between groups. Conclusions: PCIA + Ace can be safely applied without an increase in complications or deterioration in gastrointestinal function; moreover, PCIA + Ace use may provide better pain control than PCEA use in patients following LDG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Laparoscopic gastrectomy could reduce pain and opioid consumption, compared to open gastrectomy. However, it is difficult to judge the clinical relevance of this reduction, since these outcomes are reported in few randomized trials and in limited detail. Methods: This secondary analysis of a multicenter randomized trial compared laparoscopic versus open gastrectomy for resectable gastric adenocarcinoma (cT1-4aN0-3bM0). Postoperative pain was analyzed by opioid consumption in oral morphine equivalents (OME, mg/day) at postoperative day (POD) 1–5, WHO analgesic steps, and Numeric Rating Scales (NRS, 0–10) at POD 1–10 and discharge. Regression and mixed model analyses were performed, with and without correction for epidural analgesia. Results: Between 2015 and 2018, 115 patients in the laparoscopic group and 110 in the open group underwent surgery. Some 16 patients (14%) in the laparoscopic group and 73 patients (66%) in the open group received epidural analgesia. At POD 1–3, mean opioid consumption was 131, 118, and 53 mg OME lower in the laparoscopic group, compared to the open group, respectively (all p < 0.001). After correcting for epidural analgesia, these differences remained significant at POD 1–2 (47 mg OME, p = 0.002 and 69 mg OME, p < 0.001, respectively). At discharge, 27% of patients in the laparoscopic group and 43% patients in the open group used oral opioids (p = 0.006). Mean highest daily pain scores were between 2 and 4 at all PODs, < 2 at discharge, and did not relevantly differ between treatment arms. Conclusion: In this multicenter randomized trial, postoperative pain was comparable between laparoscopic and open gastrectomy. After laparoscopic gastrectomy, this was generally achieved without epidural analgesia and with fewer opioids. Trial Registration: NCT02248519. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Increasing adoption of the laparoscopic approach for gastric carcinoma (GC) has been observed. While recent evidence suggests that this surgical approach improves short-term outcomes, there is a lack of comprehensive research on midand long-term outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the mid- and long-term outcomes of laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) with D1-D2 lymph node dissection for all stages of GC. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on patients with GC who underwent the laparoscopic approach between January 2004 and December 2019. Demographic information, perioperative data, operation details, length of hospital stay, morbidity, mortality, and pathological and oncological outcomes were analyzed. Results: A total of 70 patients met the inclusion criteria, with a median age of 73 years. Subtotal gastrectomy was performed in 52 cases (74.3%), while total gastrectomy was performed in 18 cases (25.7%). The median operative time was 270 minutes, and the median postoperative stay was 10 days. Morbidity was 35.7%, with a mortality rate of 7.1%. Disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 61.2% at three years and 52.3% at five years. Conclusions: LG is a feasible and safe surgical procedure for GC. Advanced age should not be considered a contraindication for LG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]