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1. Soil diversity at Jezero crater and Comparison to Gale crater, Mars

Author

Cousin, A., Meslin, P.-Y., Forni, O., Beyssac, O., Clavé, E., Hausrath, E., Beck, P., Dehouck, E., Schröder, S., Fouchet, T., Bedford, C., Johnson, J., Pilleri, P., Lasue, J., Gasnault, O., Martin, N., Chide, B., Udry, A., Sullivan, R., Vaughan, A., Poblacion, I., Arana, G., Madariaga, J.M., Clegg, S., Maurice, S., and Wiens, R.C.

Published
2025
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4. Sample return of primitive matter from the outer Solar System

Author

Vernazza, P., Beck, P., Ruesch, O., Bischoff, A., Bonal, L., Brennecka, G., Brunetto, R., Busemann, H., Carter, J., Carli, C., Cartier, C., Ciarniello, M., Debaille, V., Delsanti, A., D’Hendecourt, L., Füri, E., Groussin, O., Guilbert-Lepoutre, A., Helbert, J., Hoppe, P., Jehin, E., Jorda, L., King, A., Kleine, T., Lamy, P., Lasue, J., Le Guillou, C., Leroux, H., Leya, I., Magna, T., Marrocchi, Y., Morlok, A., Mousis, O., Palomba, E., Piani, L., Quirico, E., Remusat, L., Roskosz, M., Rubin, M., Russell, S., Schönbächler, M., Thomas, N., Villeneuve, J., Vinogradoff, V., Wurz, P., and Zanda, B.

Published
2022
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5. Homogeneity assessment of the SuperCam calibration targets onboard rover perseverance

Author

Madariaga, J.M., Aramendia, J., Arana, G., Castro, K., Gómez-Nubla, L., Fdez-Ortiz de Vallejuelo, S., Garcia-Florentino, C., Maguregui, M., Manrique, J.A., Lopez-Reyes, G., Moros, J., Cousin, A., Maurice, S., Ollila, A.M., Wiens, R.C., Rull, F., Laserna, J., Garcia-Baonza, V., Madsen, M.B., Forni, O., Lasue, J., Clegg, S.M., Robinson, S., Bernardi, P., Brown, A.J., Caïs, P., Martinez-Frias, J., Beck, P., Bernard, S., Bernt, M.H., Beyssac, O., Cloutis, E., Drouet, C., Dromart, G., Dubois, B., Fabre, C., Gasnault, O., Gontijo, I., Johnson, J.R., Medina, J., Meslin, P.-Y., Montagnac, G., Sautter, V., Sharma, S.K., Veneranda, M., and Willis, P.A.

Published
2022
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6. In situ recording of Mars soundscape

Author

Maurice, S., Chide, B., Murdoch, N., Lorenz, R. D., Mimoun, D., Wiens, R. C., Stott, A., Jacob, X., Bertrand, T., Montmessin, F., Lanza, N. L., Alvarez-Llamas, C., Angel, S. M., Aung, M., Balaram, J., Beyssac, O., Cousin, A., Delory, G., Forni, O., Fouchet, T., Gasnault, O., Grip, H., Hecht, M., Hoffman, J., Laserna, J., Lasue, J., Maki, J., McClean, J., Meslin, P.-Y., Le Mouélic, S., Munguira, A., Newman, C. E., Rodríguez Manfredi, J. A., Moros, J., Ollila, A., Pilleri, P., Schröder, S., de la Torre Juárez, M., Tzanetos, T., Stack, K. M., Farley, K., and Williford, K.

Published
2022
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12. Direct observations of asteroid interior and regolith structure: Science measurement requirements

Author

Herique, A., Agnus, B., Asphaug, E., Barucci, A., Beck, P., Bellerose, J., Biele, J., Bonal, L., Bousquet, P., Bruzzone, L., Buck, C., Carnelli, I., Cheng, A., Ciarletti, V., Delbo, M., Du, J., Du, X., Eyraud, C., Fa, W., Gil Fernandez, J., Gassot, O., Granados-Alfaro, R., Green, S.F., Grieger, B., Grundmann, J.T., Grygorczuk, J., Hahnel, R., Heggy, E., Ho, T-M., Karatekin, O., Kasaba, Y., Kobayashi, T., Kofman, W., Krause, C., Kumamoto, A., Küppers, M., Laabs, M., Lange, C., Lasue, J., Levasseur-Regourd, A.C., Mallet, A., Michel, P., Mottola, S., Murdoch, N., Mütze, M., Oberst, J., Orosei, R., Plettemeier, D., Rochat, S., RodriguezSuquet, R., Rogez, Y., Schaffer, P., Snodgrass, C., Souyris, J-C., Tokarz, M., Ulamec, S., Wahlund, J-E., and Zine, S.

Published
2018
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13. The 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko observation campaign in support of the Rosetta mission

Author

Snodgrass, C., A'Hearn, M. F., Aceituno, F., Afanasiev, V., Bagnulo, S., Bauer, J., Bergond, G., Besse, S., Biver, N., Bodewits, D., Boehnhardt, H., Bonev, B. P., Borisov, G., Carry, B., Casanova, V., Cochran, A., Conn, B. C., Davidsson, B., Davies, J. K., de León, J., de Mooij, E., de Val-Borro, M., Delacruz, M., DiSanti, M. A., Drew, J. E., Duffard, R., Edberg, N. J. T., Faggi, S., Feaga, L., Fitzsimmons, A., Fujiwara, H., Gibb, E. L., Gillon, M., Green, S. F., Guijarro, A., Guilbert-Lepoutre, A., Gutiérrez, P. J., Hadamcik, E., Hainaut, O., Haque, S., Hedrosa, R., Hines, D., Hopp, U., Hoyo, F., Hutsemékers, D., Hyland, M., Ivanova, O., Jehin, E., Jones, G. H., Keane, J. V., Kelley, M. S. P., Kiselev, N., Kleyna, J., Kluge, M., Knight, M. M., Kokotanekova, R., Koschny, D., Kramer, E. A., López-Moreno, J. J., Lacerda, P., Lara, L. M., Lasue, J., Lehto, H. J., Levasseur-Regourd, A. C., Licandro, J., Lin, Z. Y., Lister, T., Lowry, S. C., Mainzer, A., Manfroid, J., Marchant, J., McKay, A. J., McNeill, A., Meech, K. J., Micheli, M., Mohammed, I., Monguió, M., Moreno, F., Muñoz, O., Mumma, M. J., Nikolov, P., Opitom, C., Ortiz, J. L., Paganini, L., Pajuelo, M., Pozuelos, F. J., Protopapa, S., Pursimo, T., Rajkumar, B., Ramanjooloo, Y., Ramos, E., Ries, C., Riffeser, A., Rosenbush, V., Rousselot, P., Ryan, E. L., Santos-Sanz, P., Schleicher, D. G., Schmidt, M., Schulz, R., Sen, A. K., Somero, A., Sota, A., Stinson, A., Sunshine, J.M., Thompson, A., Tozzi, G. P., Tubiana, C., Villanueva, G. L., Wang, X., Wooden, D. H., Yagi, M., Yang, B., Zaprudin, B., and Zegmott, T. J.

Published
2017

14. Chemistry of diagenetic features analyzed by ChemCam at Pahrump Hills, Gale crater, Mars

Author

Nachon, M., Mangold, N., Forni, O., Kah, L.C., Cousin, A., Wiens, R.C., Anderson, R., Blaney, D., Blank, J.G., Calef, F., Clegg, S.M., Fabre, C., Fisk, M.R., Gasnault, O., Grotzinger, J.P., Kronyak, R., Lanza, N.L., Lasue, J., Deit, L. Le, Mouélic, S. Le, Maurice, S., Meslin, P.-Y., Oehler, D.Z., Payré, V., Rapin, W., Schröder, S., Stack, K., and Sumner, D.

Published
2017
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15. Architecture of Fluvial and Deltaic Deposits Exposed Along the Eastern Edge of the Western Fan of Jezero Crater, Mars.

Author

Mangold, N., Caravaca, G., Gupta, S., Williams, R. M. E., Dromart, G., Gasnault, O., Le Mouélic, S., Paar, G., Bell, J., Beyssac, O., Carlot, N., Cousin, A., Dehouck, E., Horgan, B., Kah, L. C., Lasue, J., Maurice, S., Núñez, J. I., Shuster, D., and Stack, K. M.

Subjects
ALLUVIUM, LAKE sediments, MARS (Planet), SUBMARINE fans, BOULDERS, SANDSTONE, LUNAR craters
Abstract

Early observations from the Perseverance rover suggested a deltaic origin for the western fan of Jezero crater only from images of the Kodiak butte. Here, we use images from the SuperCam Remote Micro‐Imager and the Mastcam‐Z camera to analyze the western fan front along the rover traverse, and further assess its depositional origin. Outcrops in the middle to lower half of the hillslopes comprise planar and inclined beds of sandstone that are interpreted as foresets of deltaic deposits. Foresets are locally structured in ∼20–25 m thick, ∼80–100 m long, antiformal structures interpreted as deltaic mouth bars. Above these foresets, interbedded sandstones and boulder conglomerates are interpreted as fluvial topset beds. One well‐preserved lens of boulder conglomerate displays rounded clasts within well‐sorted sediment deposited in overall fining upward beds. We interpret these deposits as resulting from lateral accretion within fluvial channels. Estimations of peak discharge rates give a range between ∼100 and ∼500 m3 s−1. By contrast, boulder conglomerates exposed in the uppermost part of hillslopes are poorly sorted and truncate the underlying beds. The presence of these boulder deposits suggests that intense sediment‐laden flood episodes occurred after the deltaic foreset and topset beds were deposited, although the origin, timing, and relationship of these boulder deposits to the ancient lake that once filled Jezero crater remains undetermined. Overall, these observations confirm the deltaic nature of the fan front, and suggest a highly variable fluvial input. Plain Language Summary: Early observations from the Perseverance rover of the Kodiak butte suggested a deltaic origin for the western fan of Jezero crater. Here, we use images from the SuperCam Remote Micro‐Imager and the Mastcam‐Z camera to analyze the western fan front along the rover traverse, and further assess its origin. We observe strata in the lower part of the fan front that we interpret as deltaic deposits formed below water in a lake. The strata of the upper part of the fan front contain sediments interpreted as fluvial deposits formed under various fluvial regimes, with some of them being deposited by the rivers that also fed the Jezero paleolake. Overall, these observations confirm the deltaic nature of the fan front, and suggest a highly variable fluvial input. Key Points: New observations from the Perseverance rover of the western fan front confirm a deltaic originDeltaic foresets in the lower fan front are organized as antiformal structures interpreted as delta mouth barsSandstones and conglomerates in the upper part of the fan front suggest a highly variable fluvial input [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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16. Properties of the 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko interior revealed by CONSERT radar

Author

Kofman, W., Herique, A., Barbin, Y., Barriot, J.-P., Ciarletti, V., Clifford, S., Edenhofer, P., Elachi, C., Eyraud, C., Goutail, J.-P., Heggy, E., Jorda, L., Lasue, J., Levasseur-Regourd, A.-C., Nielsen, E., Pasquero, P., Preusker, F., Puget, P., Plettemeier, D., Rogez, Y., Sierks, H., Statz, C., Svedhem, H., Williams, I., Zine, S., and Van Zyl, J.

Published
2015

17. Compositions of coarse and fine particles in martian soils at gale: A window into the production of soils

Author

Cousin, A., Meslin, P.Y., Wiens, R.C., Rapin, W., Mangold, N., Fabre, C., Gasnault, O., Forni, O., Tokar, R., Ollila, A., Schröder, S., Lasue, J., Maurice, S., Sautter, V., Newsom, H., Vaniman, D., Le Mouélic, S., Dyar, D., Berger, G., Blaney, D., Nachon, M., Dromart, G., Lanza, N., Clark, B., Clegg, S., Goetz, W., Berger, J., Barraclough, B., and Delapp, D.

Published
2015
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18. Hydrogen detection with ChemCam at Gale crater

Author

Schröder, S., Meslin, P.-Y., Gasnault, O., Maurice, S., Cousin, A., Wiens, R.C., Rapin, W., Dyar, M.D., Mangold, N., Forni, O., Nachon, M., Clegg, S., Johnson, J.R., Lasue, J., Le Mouélic, S., Ollila, A., Pinet, P., Sautter, V., and Vaniman, D.

Published
2015
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19. ChemCam results from the Shaler outcrop in Gale crater, Mars

Author

Anderson, Ryan, Bridges, J.C., Williams, A., Edgar, L., Ollila, A., Williams, J., Nachon, M., Mangold, N., Fisk, M., Schieber, J., Gupta, S., Dromart, G., Wiens, R., Le Mouélic, S., Forni, O., Lanza, N., Mezzacappa, A., Sautter, V., Blaney, D., Clark, B., Clegg, S., Gasnault, O., Lasue, J., Léveillé, R., Lewin, E., Lewis, K.W., Maurice, S., Newsom, H., Schwenzer, S.P., and Vaniman, D.

Published
2015
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21. Soil Diversity and Hydration as Observed by ChemCam at Gale Crater, Mars

Author

Meslin, P.-Y., Gasnault, O., Forni, O., Schröder, S., Cousin, A., Berger, G., Clegg, S. M., Lasue, J., Maurice, S., Sautter, V., Le Mouélic, S., Wiens, R. C., Fabre, C., Goetz, W., Bish, D., Mangold, N., Ehlmann, B., Lanza, N., Harri, A.-M., Anderson, R., Rampe, E., McConnochie, T. H., Pinet, P., Blaney, D., Léveillé, R., Archer, D., Barraclough, B., Bender, S., Blake, D., Blank, J. G., Bridges, N., Clark, B. C., DeFlores, L., Delapp, D., Dromart, G., Dyar, M. D., Fisk, M., Gondet, B., Grotzinger, J., Herkenhoff, K., Johnson, J., Lacour, J.-L., Langevin, Y., Leshin, L., Lewin, E., Madsen, M. B., Melikechi, N., Mezzacappa, A., Mischna, M. A., Moores, J. E., Newsom, H., Ollila, A., Perez, R., Renno, N., Sirven, J.-B., Tokar, R., de la Torre, M., d'Uston, L., Vaniman, D., and Yingst, A.

Published
2013
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25. The Complex Exhumation History of Jezero Crater Floor Unit and Its Implication for Mars Sample Return.

Author

Quantin‐Nataf, C., Alwmark, S., Calef, F. J., Lasue, J., Kinch, K., Stack, K. M., Sun, V., Williams, N. R., Dehouck, E., Mandon, L., Mangold, N., Beyssac, O., Clave, E., Walter, S. H. G., Simon, J. I., Annex, A. M., Horgan, B., Rice, James W., Shuster, D., and Cohen, B.

Subjects
IMPACT craters, MARTIAN craters, MARTIAN meteorites, LUNAR craters, EXHUMATION, MARS (Planet), MARTIAN surface, EOLIAN processes
Abstract

During the first year of NASA's Mars 2020 mission, Perseverance rover has investigated the dark crater floor unit of Jezero crater and four samples of this unit have been collected. The focus of this paper is to assess the potential of these samples to calibrate the crater‐based Martian chronology. We first review the previous estimation of crater‐based model age of this unit. Then, we investigate the impact crater density distribution across the floor unit. It reveals that the crater density is heterogeneous from areas which have been exposed to the bombardment during the last 3 Ga to areas very recently exposed to bombardment. It suggests a complex history of exposure to impact cratering. We also display evidence of several remnants of deposits on the top of the dark floor unit across Jezero below which the dark floor unit may have been buried. We propose the following scenario of burying/exhumation: the dark floor unit would have been initially buried below a unit that was a few tens of meters thick. This unit then gradually eroded away due to Aeolian processes from the northeast to the west, resulting in uneven exposure to impact bombardment over 3 Ga. A cratering model reproducing this scenario confirms the feasibility of this hypothesis. Due to the complexity of its exposure history, the Jezero dark crater floor unit will require additional detailed analysis to understand how the Mars 2020 mission samples of the crater floor can be used to inform the Martian cratering chronology. Plain Language Summary: Perseverance rover landed within Jezero crater (Mars) in 2021 and is collecting rocks that will be returned to Earth. In terrestrial state‐of‐the art labs, these rocks will be dated. It will allow to test the method planetary scientists are using to assess the age of Martian surfaces: their impact crater statistics. As impact craters are forming regularly, their statistics are used as a timeline in planetary sciences. The present paper studies the statistic of impacts craters within Jezero crater to reveal that the floor of Jezero has been protected from bombardment during years. These results imply that the collected rocks of the Jezero crater floor will not be ideal to test the method of using impact crater as chronometer of Martian surfaces. Key Points: The dark floor unit of the Jezero crater displays an unusual inhomogeneous crater density, suggesting a complex exhumation historyThe crater density of the dark crater floor unit corresponds to the exposure time post exhumationThe crater density of this unit will not allow the calibration of the Martian crater chronology from return samples [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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26. Low-albedo asteroids: analogues with a high polarization at large phase angles.

Author

Hadamcik, E, Renard, J-B, Lasue, J, Levasseur-Regourd, A C, and Ishiguro, M

Subjects
ASTEROIDS, NEAR-earth asteroids, DUST, MULTIPLE scattering (Physics), PARTICLE size distribution, LINEAR polarization
Abstract

While remote observations of the linear polarization of five low-albedo near-Earth asteroids are available at large phase angles, space missions have collected materials from the surface of two of them and one of them is already back to Earth. The structure of the regolith on the surface may be different from that encountered on larger objects, because of their low gravity and thermal stress cycling. Dust particles crushed from low-albedo meteorites (i.e. Orgueil and Allende) are tentatively used as analogues to provide a better approach of such regoliths. The PROGRA2 experiment studies the light-scattering properties of dust particles of various size distribution s under Earth's gravity either deposited or with clouds lifted by an air-draught, as well as under μ-gravity conditions. Similar maximum in polarization (i.e. Pmax) values are obtained experimentally for dark particles deposited or in levitation, showing that multiple scattering is negligible. The increased sensitivity of PROGRA2 instruments, together with imaging techniques, makes it possible to study Pmax with increasing sizes of the lifted particles, up to mm-sizes and above. Our results confirm that particles constituting the regolith are mm-sized and may reach polarization values up to 50 per cent in good agreement with remote observations. Some materials are also suggested to be present on the surface of the particles. Also, huge agglomerates made by random ballistic deposition may be considered as relevant analogues e.g. for pebbles and boulders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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34. Evidence for Amorphous Sulfates as the Main Carrier of Soil Hydration in Gale Crater, Mars.

Author

David, G., Dehouck, E., Meslin, P.‐Y., Rapin, W., Cousin, A., Forni, O., Gasnault, O., Lasue, J., Mangold, N., Beck, P., Maurice, S., Wiens, R. C., Berger, G., Fabre, S., Pinet, P., Clark, B. C., Smith, J. R., and Lanza, N. L.

Subjects
GALE Crater (Mars), SULFATES, IMPACT craters, SOIL formation, SOIL moisture, LUNAR craters, MARS (Planet)
Abstract

Understanding the genesis of Martian soils is important to constrain the hydrogeologic history of the planet. Soils have the potential to record paleoenvironmental conditions, through the nature of secondary minerals formed during weathering. In situ X‐ray diffraction analyses in Gale crater have revealed that about one third of each soil sample is composed of amorphous materials containing hydrated phases. Here, we use the geochemical data from the ChemCam instrument to investigate the nature and origin of the hydrated amorphous phases. We report for the first time with ChemCam clues for the presence of sulfates within the amorphous component of soils. We show that sulfates are the main carrier of the soil hydration and possibly explain the nature of hydrogen and sulfur measured from orbit. These sulfates and the apparent lack of significant Al‐bearing weathering products are consistent with a model of soil formation including weathering of olivine in water‐limited acidic conditions. Plain Language Summary: The study of Martian soils is of considerable interest as the nature of the mineral phases they contain, formed by the action of water for some of them, can give information on the past environments of the planet. Mineralogical analyses in Gale crater have shown that about one third of soils are composed of poorly crystalline materials whose nature remains unclear, and that soil hydration could be associated with these phases. Here, we use the chemical analyses from the ChemCam instrument to investigate the composition of the hydrogen‐bearing products, and we report for the first time the presence of sulfates in soils with this instrument. We demonstrate that sulfates are the main contributor to the water content of soils and are probably the source of the hydrogen and sulfur measured from orbit. The presence of sulfates and the lack of significant other secondary materials, especially enriched in aluminum, suggest that soils have probably undergone an acidic aqueous alteration with a low quantity of water, favoring the dissolution of olivine as the precursor to sulfates. Key Points: The amorphous component of Gale crater soils contains hydrated sulfatesThe Eolian dust deposits are not the carrier of the identified hydrated sulfatesWater‐limited acidic conditions may have led to the formation of these phases [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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35. Combining Rosetta's GIADA and MIDAS data: morphological versus dynamical properties of dust at 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko.

Author

Longobardo, A, Mannel, T, Kim, M, Fulle, M, Rotundi, A, Della Corte, V, Rinaldi, G, Lasue, J, Merouane, S, Cottin, H, Ciarniello, M, Dirri, F, and Palomba, E

Subjects
DUST, CHURYUMOV-Gerasimenko comet, ATOMIC force microscopes
Abstract

We related morphological (size/shape) and dynamical properties of the dust ejected from the 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko comet by combining data from two instruments onboard the ESA's Rosetta mission, i.e. the MIDAS atomic force microscope and the GIADA dust detector. The two instruments detected dust of different size (10−6–10−5 and 10−4–10−3 m, respectively). MIDAS detected dust in four periods, three during the inbound orbit arc (2014 September–November; 2014 December– 2015 February; 2015 February–March) and one corresponding to a post-perihelion outburst (2016 February 19). For these periods, we analysed the dust particles' spatial distribution on the MIDAS targets to obtain the number of parent particles hitting the instrument by means of an empirical procedure and to measure the corresponding dust flux. For the same periods, we retrieved the dust flux measured by GIADA. The ratio between the two dust fluxes is constant. By coupling this result with activity models, we inferred that the particles detected by MIDAS are fragments of hundreds-micron- to mm-sized particles detected by GIADA. In addition, the similar dust flux ratios between nominal activity and outburst indicates that the outburst did not include micro- and nano-sized dust, differently from other outbursts previously observed. Dust and surface properties were related by applying a traceback algorithm to GIADA data to retrieve the source regions of dust ejected in different periods. We did not detect variations of morphological properties between dust ejected from more and less processed terrains, concluding that compact dust particles (detected by MIDAS) have the same properties across the comet surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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41. SuperCam calibration targets on board the perseverance rover: Fabrication and quantitative characterization

Author

Cousin, A., Sautter, V., Fabre, C., Dromart, G., Montagnac, G., Drouet, C., Meslin, P.Y., Gasnault, Olivier, Beyssac, O., Bernard, S., Cloutis, E., Forni, O., Beck, P., Fouchet, T., Johnson, J.R., Lasue, J., Ollila, A.M., de Parseval, P., Gouy, S., Caron, B., Madariaga, J.M., Arana, G., Madsen, M. Bo, Laserna, J., Moros, J., Manrique, J.A., Lopez-Reyes, G., Rull, F., Maurice, S., Wiens, R.C., Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géologie et gestion des ressources minérales et énergétiques (G2R), Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy 1 (UHP)-Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine (INPL)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Carnot Chimie Balard Cirimat, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM), Université de Montpellier (UM), Dept. of Geography, University of Winnipeg, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France, Pôle Planétologie du LESIA, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris (iSTeP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad del Pais Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea [Espagne] (UPV/EHU), Niels Bohr Institute [Copenhagen] (NBI), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Universidad de Málaga [Málaga] = University of Málaga [Málaga], University of Valladolid, Unidad Asocida UVA-CSIC-CAB, University of Valladolid (UVA), Centre interuniversitaire de recherche et d'ingenierie des matériaux (CIRIMAT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Centre de microcaractérisation Raimond Castaing (Centre Castaing), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP)

Subjects
[SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, LIBS, SuperCam, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Mars2020, Mars, LIBS Contents, Perseverance, Instrumentation, Spectroscopy, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Analytical Chemistry
Abstract

International audience; The Perseverance rover is exploring Jezero crater on Mars since February 2021. SuperCam instrument is part of the scientific payload, combining five different techniques in order to characterize the targets to sample: LIBS (Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy), Raman and Visible and Infrared (VISIR) spectroscopies, Sound Recording and a colored Imager. Thirty-six calibration targets have been developed for this instrument. Twenty-three of these calibration targets are dedicated to the LIBS technique, corresponding to rocks and/or minerals. Raman and VISIR spectroscopy have their own calibration targets but may also use the LIBS mineral targets as reference on Mars to test mineral detections. The choice and the fabrication of these calibration targets have been made in order to fulfill the science intents of the mission, as well as the technical and science intents of each of the SuperCam technique. These calibration targets have been spectrally characterized and they have shown to be chemically homogeneous at the SuperCam LIBS scale. Their elementary compositions are given, using two different quantitative methods. The composition of the calibration targets will be used as reference for future assessment of the quantitative capability of the SuperCam LIBS technique.

Published
2022
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45. Correcting for variable laser-target distances of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy measurements with ChemCam using emission lines of Martian dust spectra

Author

Melikechi, N., Mezzacappa, A., Cousin, A., Lanza, N.L., Lasue, J., Clegg, S.M., Berger, G., Wiens, R.C., Maurice, S., Tokar, R.L., Bender, S., Forni, O., Breves, E.A., Dyar, M.D., Frydenvang, J., Delapp, D., Gasnault, O., Newsom, H., Ollila, A.M., Lewin, E., Clark, B.C., Ehlmann, B.L., Blaney, D., Fabre, C. and the MSL Science Team, DLR Collaborator (MSL Science Team), Reitz G., Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Niels Bohr Institute [Copenhagen] (NBI), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Institute of Meteoritics [Albuquerque] (IOM), The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences [Pasadena], California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), GeoRessources, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Optical Science Center for Applied Research (OSCAR), and Delaware State University (DSU)

Subjects
Materials science, Mars, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Geological analysis, 01 natural sciences, Laser target, Spectral line, Analytical Chemistry, law.invention, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Emission spectrum, Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, Spectroscopy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation, Remote sensing, Martian, LIBS, business.industry, 010401 analytical chemistry, Dust, Mars Exploration Program, Laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 0104 chemical sciences, 13. Climate action, business
Abstract

International audience; As part of the Mars Science Laboratory, the ChemCam instrument acquires remote laser induced breakdown spectra at distances that vary between 1.56 m and 7 m. This variation in distance affects the intensities of the measured LIBS emission lines in non-trivial ways. To determine the behavior of a LIBS emission line with distance, it is necessary to separate the effects of many parameters such as laser energy, laser spot size, target homogeneity, and optical collection efficiency. These parameters may be controlled in a laboratory on Earth but for field applications or in space this is a challenge. In this paper, we show that carefully selected ChemCam LIBS emission lines acquired from the Martian dust can be used to build an internal proxy spectroscopic standard. This in turn, allows for a direct measurement of the effects of the distance of various LIBS emission lines and hence can be used to correct ChemCam LIBS spectra for distance variations. When tested on pre-launch LIBS calibration data acquired under Martian-like conditions and with controlled and well-calibrated targets, this approach yields much improved agreement between targets observed at various distances. This work lays the foundation for future implementation of automated routines to correct ChemCam spectra for differences caused by variable distance.

Published
2014
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46. Photometry and colour index of Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko on 2015 December 12.

Author

Sen, A K, Hadamcik, E, Botet, R, Lasue, J, Roy Choudhury, S, and Gupta, R

Subjects
CHURYUMOV-Gerasimenko comet, PHOTOMETRY, DUST, COLOR, COMA, PARTICLES
Abstract

Comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko (hereafter, 67P) was observed on 2015 December 12, from 2 m Himalayan Chandra Telescope in India in photometry to study its dust properties, using Bessell R and I filters. We study the photometric images to highlight coma structures and jets. The radial decrease in intensity in the different coma structures is compared to the azimuthally integrated intensities. The observations of the slopes show a quasi-steady-state coma to an optocentric distance of about |$20\, 000$| km. The change in the slopes in the structures indicates changing properties of the dust particles and/or change in their local size distributions. Comparison of the radial decrease in the two wavelengths suggests a change in the local colour index. Based on the absolute photometry carried out in this work, we calculate the reddening of the comet dust that helps to characterize variations in the size and the materials of the particles. The colour index is calculated for different apertures and regions in the coma (0.40 ± 0.07 mag) for a 22 000 diameter aperture. A colour map is constructed showing the variation of the colour index through the coma. Changes appear at the transition between the coma and the tail with a low colour index (<0.3 mag) close to the optocentre and further away increasing up in the tail direction (about 0.45 mag at |$10\, 000$| km). We interpret these changes in terms of dust properties and we compare our results to other remote observations of 67P including in situ Rosetta observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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47. Characterization of Hydrogen in Basaltic Materials With Laser‐Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) for Application to MSL ChemCam Data.

Author

Thomas, N. H., Ehlmann, B. L., Anderson, D. E., Clegg, S. M., Forni, O., Schröder, S., Rapin, W., Meslin, P.‐Y., Lasue, J., Delapp, D. M., Dyar, M. D., Gasnault, O., Wiens, R. C., and Maurice, S.

Abstract

Abstract: The Mars Science Laboratory rover, Curiosity, is equipped with ChemCam, a laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) instrument, to determine the elemental composition of nearby targets quickly and remotely. We use a laboratory sample set including prepared mixtures of basalt with systematic variation in hydrated mineral content and compositionally well‐characterized, altered basaltic volcanic rocks to measure hydrogen by characterizing the H‐alpha emission line in LIBS spectra under Martian environmental conditions. The H contents of all samples were independently measured using thermogravimetric analysis. We found that H peak area increases with weight percent H for our laboratory mixtures with basaltic matrices. The increase is linear with weight percent H in the mixtures with structurally bound H up to about 1.25 wt.% H and then steepens for higher H‐content samples, a nonlinear trend not previously reported but potentially important for characterizing high water content materials. To compensate for instrument, environmental, and target matrix‐related effects on quantification of H content from the LIBS signal, we examined multiple normalization methods. The best performing methods utilize O 778‐ and C 248‐nm emission lines. The methods return comparable results when applied to ChemCam data of H‐bearing materials on Mars. The calibration and normalization methods tested here will aid in investigations of H by LIBS on Mars with ChemCam and SuperCam. Further laboratory work will aid quantification across different physical matrices and heterogeneous textures because of differences we observed in H in pelletized and natural rock samples of the same composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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48. The phase function and density of the dust observed at comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko.

Author

Fulle, Marco, Bertini, I., Della Corte, V., Güttler, C., Ivanovski, S., La Forgia, F., Lasue, J., Levasseur-Regourd, A. C., Marzari, F., Moreno, F., Mottola, S., Naletto, G., Palumbo, P., Rinaldi, G., Rotundi, A., Sierks, H., Barbieri, C., Lamy, P. L., Rodrigo, R., and Koschny, D.

Subjects
DUST measurement, PHASE equilibrium, PARTICLE density (Nuclear chemistry), HYDROCARBONS, CHURYUMOV-Gerasimenko comet
Abstract

The OSIRIS camera onboard Rosetta measured the phase function of both the coma dust and the nucleus. The two functions have a very different slope versus the phase angle. Here, we show that the nucleus phase function should be adopted to convert the brightness to the size of dust particles larger than 2.5 mm only. This makes the dust bursts observed close to Rosetta by OSIRIS, occurring about every hour, consistent with the fragmentation on impact with Rosetta of parent particles, whose flux agrees with the dust flux observed by GIADA. OSIRIS also measured the antisunward acceleration of the fragments, thus providing the first direct measurement of the solar radiation force acting on the dust fragments and thus of their bulk density, excluding any measurable rocket effect by the ice sublimation from the dust. The obtained particle density distribution has a peak matching the bulk density of most COSIMA particles, and represents a subset of the density distribution measured by GIADA. This implies a bias in the elemental abundances measured by COSIMA, which thus are consistent with the 67P dust mass fractions inferred by GIADA, i.e. (38 ± 8) per cent of hydrocarbons versus the (62 ± 8) per cent of sulphides and silicates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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49. Curiosity at Gale Crater, Mars: Characterization and analysis of the rocknest sand shadow

Author

Blake, D. F., Morris, R. V., Kocurek, G., Morrison, S. M., Downs, R. T., Bish, D., Ming, D. W., Edgett, K. S., Rubin, D., Goetz, W., Madsen, M. B., Sullivan, R., Gellert, R., Campbell, I., Treiman, A. H., McLennan, S. M., Yen, A. S., Grotzinger, J., Vaniman, D. T., Chipera, S. J., Achilles, C. N., Rampe, E. B., Sumner, D., Meslin, P.- Y., Maurice, S., Forni, O., Gasnault, O., Fisk, M., Schmidt, M., Mahaffy, P., Leshin, L. A., Glavin, D., Steele, A., Freissinet, C., Navarro-Gonzalez, R., Yingst, R. A., Kah, L. C., Bridges, N., Lewis, K. W., Bristow, T. F., Farmer, J. D., Crisp, J. A., Stolper, E. M., Des Marais, D. J., Sarrazin, P., Agard, C., Alves Verdasca, J. A., Anderson, R., Archer, D., Armiens-Aparicio, C., Arvidson, R., Atlaskin, E., Atreya, S., Aubrey, A., Baker, B., Baker, M., Balic-Zunic, T., Baratoux, D., Baroukh, J., Barraclough, B., Bean, K., Beegle, L., Behar, A., Bell, J., Bender, S., Benna, M., Bentz, J., Berger, G., Berger, J., Berman, D., Blanco Avalos, J. J., Blaney, D., Blank, J., Blau, H., Bleacher, L., Boehm, E., Botta, O., Bottcher, S., Boucher, T., Bower, H., Boyd, N., Boynton, B., Breves, E., Bridges, J., Brinckerhoff, W., Brinza, D., Brunet, C., Brunner, A., Brunner, W., Buch, A., Bullock, M., Burmeister, S., Cabane, M., Calef, F., Cameron, J., Cantor, B., Caplinger, M., Rodriguez, J. C., Carmosino, M., Blazquez, I. C., Charpentier, A., Choi, D., Clark, B., Clegg, S., Cleghorn, T., Cloutis, E., Cody, G., Coll, P., Conrad, P., Coscia, D., Cousin, A., Cremers, D., Cros, A., Cucinotta, F., d'Uston, C., Davis, S., Day, M., Juarez, M. d. l. T., DeFlores, L., DeLapp, D., DeMarines, J., Dietrich, W., Dingler, R., Donny, C., Drake, D., Dromart, G., Dupont, A., Duston, B., Dworkin, J., Dyar, M. D., Edgar, L., Edwards, C., Edwards, L., Ehlmann, B., Ehresmann, B., Eigenbrode, J., Elliott, B., Elliott, H., Ewing, R., Fabre, C., Fairen, A., Farley, K., Fassett, C., Favot, L., Fay, D., Fedosov, F., Feldman, J., Feldman, S., Fitzgibbon, M., Flesch, G., Floyd, M., Fluckiger, L., Fraeman, A., Francis, R., Francois, P., Franz, H., French, K. L., Frydenvang, J., Gaboriaud, A., Gailhanou, M., Garvin, J., Geffroy, C., Genzer, M., Godber, A., Goesmann, F., Golovin, D., Gomez, F. G., Gomez-Elvira, J., Gondet, B., Gordon, S., Gorevan, S., Grant, J., Griffes, J., Grinspoon, D., Guillemot, P., Guo, J., Gupta, S., Guzewich, S., Haberle, R., Halleaux, D., Hallet, B., Hamilton, V., Hardgrove, C., Harker, D., Harpold, D., Harri, A.-M., Harshman, K., Hassler, D., Haukka, H., Hayes, A., Herkenhoff, K., Herrera, P., Hettrich, S., Heydari, E., Hipkin, V., Hoehler, T., Hollingsworth, J., Hudgins, J., Huntress, W., Hurowitz, J., Hviid, S., Iagnemma, K., Indyk, S., Israel, G., Jackson, R., Jacob, S., Jakosky, B., Jensen, E., Jensen, J. K., Johnson, J., Johnson, M., Johnstone, S., Jones, A., Jones, J., Joseph, J., Jun, I., Kahanpaa, H., Kahre, M., Karpushkina, N., Kasprzak, W., Kauhanen, J., Keely, L., Kemppinen, O., Keymeulen, D., Kim, M.-H., Kinch, K., King, P., Kirkland, L., Koefoed, A., Kohler, J., Kortmann, O., Kozyrev, A., Krezoski, J., Krysak, D., Kuzmin, R., Lacour, J. L., Lafaille, V., Langevin, Y., Lanza, N., Lasue, J., Le Mouelic, S., Lee, E. M., Lee, Q.-M., Lees, D., Lefavor, M., Lemmon, M., Lepinette Malvitte, A., Leveille, R., Lewin-Carpintier, E., Li, S., Lipkaman, L., Little, C., Litvak, M., Lorigny, E., Lugmair, G., Lundberg, A., Lyness, E., Maki, J., Malakhov, A., Malespin, C., Malin, M., Mangold, N., Manning, H., Marchand, G., Marin Jimenez, M., Martin Garcia, C., Martin, D., Martin, M., Martinez-Frias, J., Martin-Soler, J., Martin-Torres, F. J., Mauchien, P., McAdam, A., McCartney, E., McConnochie, T., McCullough, E., McEwan, I., McKay, C., McNair, S., Melikechi, N., Meyer, M., Mezzacappa, A., Miller, H., Miller, K., Milliken, R., Minitti, M., Mischna, M., Mitrofanov, I., Moersch, J., Mokrousov, M., Molina Jurado, A., Moores, J., Mora-Sotomayor, L., Morookian, J. M., Mueller-Mellin, R., Muller, J.-P., Munoz Caro, G., Nachon, M., Navarro Lopez, S., Nealson, K., Nefian, A., Nelson, T., Newcombe, M., Newman, C., Newsom, H., Nikiforov, S., Niles, P., Nixon, B., Dobrea, E. N., Nolan, T., Oehler, D., Ollila, A., Olson, T., Owen, T., Pablo, H., Paillet, A., Pallier, E., Palucis, M., Parker, T., Parot, Y., Patel, K., Paton, M., Paulsen, G., Pavlov, A., Pavri, B., Peinado-Gonzalez, V., Pepin, R., Peret, L., Perez, R., Perrett, G., Peterson, J., Pilorget, C., Pinet, P., Pla-Garcia, J., Plante, I., Poitrasson, F., Polkko, J., Popa, R., Posiolova, L., Pradler, I., Prats, B., Prokhorov, V., Purdy, S. W., Raaen, E., Radziemski, L., Rafkin, S., Ramos, M., Raulin, F., Ravine, M., Reitz, G., Renno, N., Rice, M., Richardson, M., Robert, F., Rodriguez Manfredi, J. A., Romeral-Planello, J. J., Rowland, S., Saccoccio, M., Salamon, A., Sandoval, J., Sanin, A., Sans Fuentes, S. A., Saper, L., Sautter, V., Savijarvi, H., Schieber, J., Schmidt, W., Scholes, D., Schoppers, M., Schroder, S., Sebastian Martinez, E., Sengstacken, A., Shterts, R., Siebach, K., Siili, T., Simmonds, J., Sirven, J.-B., Slavney, S., Sletten, R., Smith, M., Sobron Sanchez, P., Spanovich, N., Spray, J., Squyres, S., Stack, K., Stalport, F., Stein, T., Stern, J., Stewart, N., Stipp, S. L. S., Stoiber, K., Sucharski, B., Summons, R., Sun, V., Supulver, K., Sutter, B., Szopa, C., Tate, C., Teinturier, S., ten Kate, I. L., Thomas, P., Thompson, L., Tokar, R., Toplis, M., Torres Redondo, J., Trainer, M., Tretyakov, V., Urqui-O'Callaghan, R., Van Beek, J., Van Beek, T., VanBommel, S., Varenikov, A., Vasavada, A., Vasconcelos, P., Vicenzi, E., Vostrukhin, A., Voytek, M., Wadhwa, M., Ward, J., Webster, C., Weigle, E., Wellington, D., Westall, F., Wiens, R. C., Wilhelm, M. B., Williams, A., Williams, J., Williams, R., Williams, R. B., Wilson, M., Wimmer-Schweingruber, R., Wolff, M., Wong, M., Wray, J., Wu, M., Yana, C., Zeitlin, C., Zimdar, R., Zorzano Mier, M.-P., GeoRessources, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA, Department of Geological Sciences [Austin], Jackson School of Geosciences (JSG), University of Texas at Austin [Austin]-University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Department of Geology [Tucson], University of Arizona, Department of Geological Sciences [Bloomington], Indiana University [Bloomington], Indiana University System-Indiana University System, Malin Space Science Systems (MSSS), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), NWO-NSO: The role of perchlorates in the preservation of organic compounds on Mars, and Petrology

Subjects
Basalt, Meridiani Planum, Multidisciplinary, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Curiosity rover, Geochemistry, Mars, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Mars Exploration Program, Exploration of Mars, 01 natural sciences, Astrobiology, Impact crater, 13. Climate action, MSL Mars Gale Crater Rocknest, Rocknest, 0103 physical sciences, Sample Analysis at Mars, Aeolian processes, MSL, Rocknest aeolian deposit, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

The Rocknest aeolian deposit is similar to aeolian features analyzed by the Mars Exploration Rovers (MERs) Spirit and Opportunity. The fraction of sand

Published
2013
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50. X-ray diffraction results from mars science laboratory: Mineralogy of rocknest at Gale crater

Author

Bish, D. L., Blake, D. F., Vaniman, D. T., Chipera, S. J., Morris, R. V., Ming, D. W., Treiman, A. H., Sarrazin, P., Morrison, S. M., Downs, R. T., Achilles, C. N., Yen, A. S., Bristow, T. F., Crisp, J. A., Morookian, J. M., Farmer, J. D., Rampe, E. B., Stolper, E. M., Spanovich, N., Achilles, C., Agard, C., Verdasca, J. A. A., Anderson, R., Archer, D., Armiens-Aparicio, C., Arvidson, R., Atlaskin, E., Atreya, S., Aubrey, A., Baker, B., Baker, M., Balic-Zunic, T., Baratoux, D., Baroukh, J., Barraclough, B., Bean, K., Beegle, L., Behar, A., Bell, J., Bender, S., Benna, M., Bentz, J., Berger, G., Berger, J., Berman, D., Bish, D., Avalos, J. J. B., Blaney, D., Blank, J., Blau, H., Bleacher, L., Boehm, E., Botta, O., Bottcher, S., Boucher, T., Bower, H., Boyd, N., Boynton, B., Breves, E., Bridges, J., Bridges, N., Brinckerhoff, W., Brinza, D., Bristow, T., Brunet, C., Brunner, A., Brunner, W., Buch, A., Bullock, M., Burmeister, S., Cabane, M., Calef, F., Cameron, J., Campbell, J. I., Cantor, B., Caplinger, M., Rodriguez, J. C., Carmosino, M., Blazquez, I. C., Charpentier, A., Chipera, S., Choi, D., Clark, B., Clegg, S., Cleghorn, T., Cloutis, E., Cody, G., Coll, P., Conrad, P., Coscia, D., Cousin, A., Cremers, D., Crisp, J., Cros, A., Cucinotta, F., d'Uston, C., Davis, S., Day, M. K., Juarez, M. d. l. T., DeFlores, L., DeLapp, D., DeMarines, J., DesMarais, D., Dietrich, W., Dingler, R., Donny, C., Downs, B., Drake, D., Dromart, G., Dupont, A., Duston, B., Dworkin, J., Dyar, M. D., Edgar, L., Edgett, K., Edwards, C., Edwards, L., Ehlmann, B., Ehresmann, B., Eigenbrode, J., Elliott, B., Elliott, H., Ewing, R., Fabre, C., Fairen, A., Farley, K., Farmer, J., Fassett, C., Favot, L., Fay, D., Fedosov, F., Feldman, J., Feldman, S., Fisk, M., Fitzgibbon, M., Flesch, G., Floyd, M., Fluckiger, L., Forni, O., Fraeman, A., Francis, R., Francois, P., Franz, H., Freissinet, C., French, K. 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Z., GeoRessources, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NWO-NSO: The role of perchlorates in the preservation of organic compounds on Mars, and Petrology

Subjects
Multidisciplinary, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Water on Mars, Curiosity rover, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Mineralogy, Mars, Mars Exploration Program, Martian soil, engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, MSL Mars X-ray Diffraction Mineralogy Rocknest Gale Crater, Meteorite, Impact crater, 13. Climate action, Rocknest, 0103 physical sciences, Pigeonite, engineering, Composition of Mars, MSL, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, mineralogy of Rocknest at Gale crater
Abstract

The Mars Science Laboratory rover Curiosity scooped samples of soil from the Rocknest aeolian bedform in Gale crater. Analysis of the soil with the Chemistry and Mineralogy (CheMin) x-ray diffraction (XRD) instrument revealed plagioclase (~An57), forsteritic olivine (~Fo62), augite, and pigeonite, with minor K-feldspar, magnetite, quartz, anhydrite, hematite, and ilmenite. The minor phases are present at, or near, detection limits. The soil also contains 27 ± 14 weight percent x-ray amorphous material, likely containing multiple Fe 3+ - and volatile-bearing phases, including possibly a substance resembling hisingerite. The crystalline component is similar to the normative mineralogy of certain basaltic rocks from Gusev crater on Mars and of martian basaltic meteorites. The amorphous component is similar to that found on Earth in places such as soils on the Mauna Kea volcano, Hawaii.

Published
2013
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