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The bronzing disease of Thai jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) has recently appeared in Vietnam, causing a significant loss for farmers, but its control method is still restricted. In this study, we identified pathogens based on morphological and molecular characterizations. A total of 25 bacterial isolates were isolated from diseased samples. The bacterium produces white or yellow pigment in culture, is gram-negative, slightly pleomorphic, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic, short-rod, and catalase-positive. It hydrolyzes gelatin and starch but not tween 80, and produces acid from glucose, sucrose, and lactose. The bacterium does not produce indole and does not produce hypersensitivity to tobacco. The results of sequencing of the encoded region of synthesis of capsular polysaccharide (cpsD) and pathogenicity-related genes HrpS confirmed that the causative agent is Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii. The pathogen’s possible host range could be traditional jackfruit varieties, fruits, and crops such as durian, longan, mango, tomatoes, broccoli, pumpkin, cucumber, corn, rice, sweet potatoes, water spinach, peanuts, and green beans. The P. stewartii subsp. stewartii could enter the host plant cell through open wounds or natural openings such as stomata. The results confirmed the presence of P. stewartii subsp. stewartii in Vietnam and suggest that the jackfruit tree should not be planted in plantations with these crops to prevent cross-contamination and the spread of pathogens.

Daniel S Malach,1 John Michael Guest,1 Christopher Adam,1 Jonah Joffe,2 Kim Le,2 Chaesik Kim,1 Xihui Lin1 1Kresge Eye Institute/Wayne State University Department of Ophthalmology, Detroit, MI, USA; 2Henry Ford Hospital Department of Ophthalmology, Detroit, MI, USACorrespondence: Xihui Lin, Kresge Eye Institute/Wayne State University Department of Ophthalmology, 4717 St. Antoine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA, Email xihui.lin@wayne.eduPurpose: To analyze visual outcomes and accuracy of intraocular lens (IOL) calculation formulas in predicting postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing flanged intrascleral IOL fixation.Design: Case Series.Subjects: Twenty-three patients who had undergone secondary IOL placement using flanged intrascleral fixation technique.Methods: Retrospective chart review.Main Outcome Measures: Corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) and postoperative spherical equivalent based on manifest refraction.Results: Visual acuity improved from 20/577 to 20/58. Overall, the actual refraction was 0.06 D more myopic than predicted. Holladay 2, Sanders Retzlaff Kraff/Theoretical (SRK/T) and Barrett Universal II resulted in mild myopic surprise (− 0.55, − 0.18 and − 0.20 D). Haigis and Hill-RBF (Radial Basis Function) resulted in mild hyperopic surprise (+0.28 and +0.28 D). Hoffer Q and Holladay 1 were the most accurate (− 0.02D and − 0.08 D).Conclusion: Flanged intrascleral IOL fixation improved vision even in patients with other posterior segment pathologies. The effective lens positioning is likely similar to in-the-bag positioning. Hoffer Q and Holladay 1 formulas with in-the-bag calculations were the most accurate.Keywords: aphakia, cataract, flanged technique, refractive, secondary intraocular lens

Shibandri Das,1 Christian Mehregan,1 Collin Richards,2 Michael Schneider,1 Kim Le,3 Xihui Lin1 1Kresge Eye Institute Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomic Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA; 2Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USACorrespondence: Xihui Lin, Kresge Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomic Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA, Tel +1 314-359-2691, Fax +1 313 577-9675, Email xihui.lin@wayne.eduPurpose: To evaluate surgeon performance and intraoperative complication rates of cataract surgery after resumption of elective surgeries following the operating room (OR) shutdown from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Subjective surgical experience is also evaluated.Methods: This is a retrospective comparative study which analyzes cataract surgeries performed at an inner city, tertiary academic center. Cataract surgeries were categorized into Pre-Shutdown (January 1–March 18, 2020), and Post-Shutdown, for all cases which occurred after surgeries resumed (May 11–July 31, 2020). No cases were performed between March 19 and May 10, 2020. Patients undergoing combined cataract and minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) were included, but MIGS complications were not counted as cataract complications. No other combined cataract-other ophthalmic surgeries were included. A survey was used to gather subjective surgeon experience.Results: A total of 480 cases (n=306 Pre-Shutdown and n=174 Post-Shutdown) were analyzed. Although there was a higher frequency of complex cataract surgeries performed Post-Shutdown (5.2% vs 21.3%; p< 0.00001), complication rates before versus after the shutdown were not statistically significant (9.2% vs 10.3%; p=0.75). Phacoemulsification was the step of cataract surgery in which residents were most concerned about when returning to the OR.Conclusion: After the surgical hiatus due to COVID-19, significantly more complex cataract surgeries were reported and surgeons reported higher general anxiety level when first returning to the OR. Increased anxiety did not lead to higher surgical complications. This study provides a framework to understand surgical expectations and outcomes for patients whose surgeons faced a prolonged two-month hiatus from cataract surgery.Keywords: cataract surgery, cataract surgery complication rate, COVID-19 pandemic, simulation training in residency, cataract surgery training, lapse in cataract surgery training

Hydrothermally synthesized carbon nanodots (CDs) were impregnated on TiO2. The product (CDs/TiO2) was mechanically mixed with zeolite Y for application in toluene photocatalytic oxidation reaction under UV radiation. Material properties of the samples were investigated by different methods. Toluene vapor was chosen as a typical volatile organic compound to investigate the performance of CDs/TiO2 – zeolite Y photocatalyst when these technological parameters were changed: toluene concentration, gas flow rate, humidity and UV light intensity. In each reaction, only one parameter was changed and the remaining conditions were fixed. The toluene concentrations at the beginning and the end of each reaction were analyzed with the use of gas chromatography (GC). The results of different reaction conditions show the trends for toluene treatment of the CDs/TiO2 – zeolite Y catalyst, thereby providing specific explanations for these trends. The experiments also show that toluene removal is highest when the toluene concentration in the inlet gas is 314 ppmv, the flow rate is 3 L/h, the humidity is 60%, and the catalyst (CDs/TiO2 – zeolite Y composite with 70% zeolite in weight) is illuminated by 4 UV lamps. Copyright © 2022 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

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The bronzing disease of Thai jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) has recently appeared in Vietnam, causing a significant loss for farmers, but its control method is still restricted. In this study, we identified pathogens based on morphological and molecular characterizations. A total of 25 bacterial isolates were isolated from diseased samples. The bacterium produces white or yellow pigment in culture, is gram-negative, slightly pleomorphic, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic, short-rod, and catalase-positive. It hydrolyzes gelatin and starch but not tween 80, and produces acid from glucose, sucrose, and lactose. The bacterium does not produce indole and does not produce hypersensitivity to tobacco. The results of sequencing of the encoded region of synthesis of capsular polysaccharide (cpsD) and pathogenicity-related genes HrpS confirmed that the causative agent is Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii. The pathogen's possible host range could be traditional jackfruit varieties, fruits, and crops such as durian, longan, mango, tomatoes, broccoli, pumpkin, cucumber, corn, rice, sweet potatoes, water spinach, peanuts, and green beans. The P. stewartii subsp. stewartii could enter the host plant cell through open wounds or natural openings such as stomata. The results confirmed the presence of P. stewartii subsp. stewartii in Vietnam and suggest that the jackfruit tree should not be planted in plantations with these crops to prevent cross-contamination and the spread of pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The coconut black-headed caterpillar, Opisina arenosella Walker (Lepidoptera: Xyloryctidae) has been a serious defoliator of coconut plants in many coconut producing countries including Vietnam. Trichospilus pupivorus Ferrière (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is pupal endo-parasitoid of O. arenosella with high percent parasitism and abundance in the coconut fields and appears to be a good biological control agent against the coconut black-headed caterpillar in Vietnam. The objective of this study was to investigate the developmental biology of T. pupivorus on O. arenosella. Methods: The experiment was carried out at the Faculty of Agronomy, Nong Lam University, Viet Nam during 2020 and 2021. The developmental biology of T. pupivorus on O. arenosella was studied in the laboratory at a constant temperature of 28°C and a photoperiod of 12L: 8D. Result: Total developmental time from egg to adult emergence was 14.0 days. The females laid a mean of 124.2 eggs during an average lifespan of 9.4 days. The number of progenies emergence from a single pupa of O. arenosella was 103.8. The offspring sex ratio was female-biased (8.0%). The results would contribute to the knowledge of the biology of this parasitoid to optimize a mass rearing system for a biological control program against O. arenosella. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kim Le, Hady Saheb Department of Ophthalmology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada Abstract: Trabecular micro-bypass stents, commonly known as iStents, are micro-invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) devices used to treat open-angle glaucoma. Like other MIGS procedures that enhance trabecular outflow, the iStent lowers intraocular pressure (IOP) by creating a direct channel between the anterior chamber and Schlemm’s canal. iStents are typically implanted at the time of phacoemulsification for patients with open-angle glaucoma and visually significant cataracts. This review summarizes the published data regarding the efficacy, safety, and cost considerations of trabecular micro-bypass stents. Most studies found statistically significant reductions in mean IOP and ocular medication use after combined phacoemulsification with single or double iStent implantation. The devices were found to be very safe, with a safety profile similar to that of cataract surgery. Complications were infrequent, with the most common complications being temporary stent obstruction or malposition, which resolved with observation or secondary procedures. Future studies are needed to evaluate long-term outcomes, patient satisfaction, cost effectiveness, and expanded indications. Keywords: iStent, trabecular micro-bypass, glaucoma, MIGS, ab interno, surgery

Miguel Bardon,1 Noel Young,1 Poppy Sindhusake,2 Theresa Lee,1 Ken Le11Department of Radiology, Centre for Biomedical Imaging Research and Development, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; 2Centre Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaBackground: Multitrauma patients represent a difficult cohort of patients from a diagnostic standpoint. Current trauma recommendations do not advise whole-body computed tomography (CT) in hemodynamically stable patients.Objective: To measure the prevalence of abnormal CT findings in areas other than the prime area of clinical interest in multitrauma patients.Method: The records of 462 consecutive adult patients who underwent whole-body CT scans between 2004 and 2005 at Westmead Hospital, a Level 1 trauma center, were assessed. Clinical parameters, including suspected clinical injury, regional tenderness, bruising, loss of consciousness, scalp laceration, and unequal chest air entry, were examined. Correlation was made with CTs performed from the brain to symphysis pubis, on a Toshiba 16 slice machine, with evaluation of clinically significant findings.Results: The prevalence of abnormal CT findings distant to the prime area of concern varied between anatomical areas: brain (10.3%–88.7%), skull (6.7%–39.7%), facial bones (4.4%–54.3%), cervical spine (5.6%–13.7%), thoracolumbar spine (5.6%–26.7%), chest (30.8%–54.4%), and abdomen/pelvis (20%–27.2%).Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of injuries remote from the prime area of clinical concern in multitrauma patients. Whole-body CT is a rapid, accurate, and systematic imaging modality that provides an early, complete, clinical picture for the treating physician.Keywords: CT, trauma, radiology, multitrauma, whole-body imaging

Hydrothermally synthesized carbon nanodots (CDs) were impregnated on TiO2. The product (CDs/TiO2) was mechanically mixed with zeolite Y for application in toluene photocatalytic oxidation reaction under UV radiation. Material properties of the samples were investigated by different methods. Toluene vapor was chosen as a typical volatile organic compound to investigate the performance of CDs/TiO2 - zeolite Y photocatalyst when these technological parameters were changed: toluene concentration, gas flow rate, humidity and UV light intensity. In each reaction, only one parameter was changed and the remaining conditions were fixed. The toluene concentrations at the beginning and the end of each reaction were analyzed with the use of gas chromatography (GC). The results of different reaction conditions show the trends for toluene treatment of the CDs/TiO2 - zeolite Y catalyst, thereby providing specific explanations for these trends. The experiments also show that toluene removal is highest when the toluene concentration in the inlet gas is 314 ppmv, the flow rate is 3 L/h, the humidity is 60%, and the catalyst (CDs/TiO2 - zeolite Y composite with 70% zeolite in weight) is illuminated by 4 UV lamps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coconut black-headed caterpillar, Opisina arenosella Walker (Lepidoptera: Xyloryctidae) has been one of the most serious defoliators of coconut plants in Vietnam. Brachymeria kamijoi Habu (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) is a pupal parasitoid of O. arenosella with high percent parasitism and abundance in the coconut fields and appears to be a good biological control agent against the coconut black-headed caterpillar in Vietnam. This study was carried out at Entomology Laboratory, Faculty of Agronomy, Nong Lam University, Vietnam during 2020 - 2021 to determine some biological characteristics of B. kamijoi on O. arenosella at a constant temperature of 28 °C and a photoperiod of 12L: 8D. Total developmental time from egg to adult emergence was 13.8 days. The females laid a mean of 98.1 eggs during an average lifespan of 30.7 days. Fecundity peaked at a large range of age 7-29 days. The results would contribute to the knowledge of the biology of B. kamijoi to optimize a mass-rearing system for a biological control programme against O. arenosella. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Benjamin Burt, Johanan Levine, Kim LeTexas Tech University, Department of Ophthalmology, Paul L Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, TexasAbstract: In this case report, we describe a case of adult-onset bulbar ptosis in a patient with Joubert syndrome. Joubert syndrome is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder with malformations in cerebellum and brainstem. Many ocular abnormalities have been noted in Joubert syndrome, but the association of this syndrome with adult-onset ptosis has not been described to date. This 24-year-old Joubert patient developed a cerebrospinal fluid cyst in her midbrain. She had signs of bilateral third nerve palsy and abducens palsy in the left eye. The bilateral central third nerve palsy causing functional blindness secondary to severe bilateral levator palsy was treated successfully with silicone sling frontalis suspension, as the seventh nerve nucleus was not involved.Keywords: Joubert syndrome, ptosis, diplopia, molar tooth formation, silicone sling implants